{"id":47105,"date":"2020-11-17T01:56:45","date_gmt":"2020-11-16T22:56:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=47105"},"modified":"2020-11-17T01:56:45","modified_gmt":"2020-11-16T22:56:45","slug":"7-0-buyuklugundeki-izmir-depreminin-ozellikleri-tsunami-ve-agir-hasarin-nedenleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2020\/11\/17\/7-0-buyuklugundeki-izmir-depreminin-ozellikleri-tsunami-ve-agir-hasarin-nedenleri","title":{"rendered":"7.0 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki \u0130zmir depreminin \u00f6zellikleri, tsunami ve a\u011f\u0131r hasar\u0131n nedenleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

30 Ekim 2020 tarihinde, \u00f6\u011fleden sonra 14:51\u2019de Ege Denizi\u2019nin do\u011fusundaki yerle\u015fmeler \u00e7ok \u015fiddetli salland\u0131. \u0130lk anlarda, \u00e7e\u015fitli sismolojik veri merkezleri depremin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc 6.6 ile 7.0 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen farkl\u0131 de\u011ferlerle bildirdiler. Daha sonra depremin sismik moment b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Avrupa ve ABD merkezli kurumlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan 7.0 olarak rapor edildi.<\/p>\n

30 Ekim 2020\u2019deki bu b\u00fcy\u00fck depremin d\u0131\u015f merkezinin Sisam Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 12 km kuzeyinde, denizde konumland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na en yak\u0131n yerle\u015fim noktas\u0131n\u0131n ise 13 km \u00f6tede \u0130zmir\u2019in Do\u011fanbey adas\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Deprem, do\u011fu-bat\u0131 do\u011frultusunda uzanan ve daha \u00f6nceden bilinen bir normal olan Sisam Fay\u0131 \u00fczerinde oldu (\u015eekil 1).<\/p>\n

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\u015eekil 1. Bat\u0131 Anadolu ve Ege\u2019de karada ve denizde deprem yaratma potansiyel olan diri fay hatlar\u0131n\u0131n konumu. Ku\u015fadas\u0131 K\u00f6rfezi’ndeki ye\u015fil renkli \u00e7izgiler Sisam Fay\u0131 dahil diri olan normal faylar\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. 30 Ekim 2020\u2019deki 7.0 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki depremin merkezi sar\u0131 y\u0131ld\u0131zla g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019daki diri faylar MTA Diri Fay Haritas\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Sisam Fay\u0131 ve \u00e7evresinde ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u00fczy\u0131llarda bir\u00e7ok y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 deprem oldu\u011fu belgelerde bulunmaktad\u0131r. Tarihsel d\u00f6nemde M\u00d6 200 ve MS 47, 1761 depremleri b\u00f6lgede y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 depremler olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 6.0\u2019dan b\u00fcy\u00fck alt\u0131 deprem, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda iki y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 deprem kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. 11 A\u011fustos 1904 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sisam Fay\u0131 \u00fczerinde olan 6.8 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki deprem Yunan adalar\u0131nda ve Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da \u00f6nemli hasarlara neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Sisam Fay\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin en tehlikelisi<\/strong>
\nSisam Fay\u0131, Ku\u015fadas\u0131 K\u00f6rfezi\u2019nde adan\u0131n hemen kuzeyinde do\u011fu-bat\u0131 do\u011frultusunda uzan\u0131r. Kuzey blo\u011fu \u00e7\u00f6ken bir fayd\u0131r. Sisam Adas\u0131 ise y\u00fckselen blok taraf\u0131ndad\u0131r (\u015eekil 2). 30 Ekim 2020\u2019de Sisam Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle \u0130zmir\u2019i etkileyen 7.0 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki deprem i\u015fte bu Sisam Fay\u0131 \u00fczerinde olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Sisam Adas\u0131 \u00e7evresinde ve kuzeyindeki Ku\u015fadas\u0131 K\u00f6rfezi\u2019nde yap\u0131lan deniz jeofizi\u011fi ve jeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar \u00e7ok say\u0131da ve \u00e7e\u015fitli uzunluklarda aktif faylar oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. D-B ve KB-GD do\u011frultusunda uzanan bu normal faylar t\u00fcm Ege\u2019de hakim olan KKD-GGB tektonik geni\u015fleme hareketlerinin bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Acaba Ege\u2019deki bu tektonik geni\u015flemenin nedeni nas\u0131l a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r?<\/p>\n

Afrika-Arap Levhalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Anadolu Levhas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kuzeye do\u011fru s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Anadolu Levhas\u0131 bat\u0131ya ka\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Bu ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f, Karl\u0131ova\u2019dan Trakya\u2019daki Saros K\u00f6rfezi\u2019ne, oradan da Kuzey Ege\u2019ye uzanan 1.600 km uzunlukta ve y\u0131lda ortalama olarak 23 mm h\u0131zla kayan Kuzey Anadolu Fay\u0131 (KAF) \u00fczerinden olmaktad\u0131r. KAF\u2019\u0131n 300 km\u2019si Kuzey Ege Denizi\u2019ni KD-GB do\u011frultusunda keser ve Yunanistan karas\u0131na yaslan\u0131r. Sa\u011f y\u00f6nl\u00fc yanal kaymal\u0131 KAF\u2019\u0131n Kuzey Ege\u2019de yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ekme kuvvetli hareketinin etkileri kuzeyden g\u00fcneye do\u011fru azalarak t\u00fcm Ege\u2019de, denizde ve karada kendini g\u00f6stermektedir. \u0130\u015fte bu tektonik g\u00fc\u00e7ler nedeniyle Ege Denizi ve Bat\u0131 Anadolu KD-GB y\u00f6n\u00fcnde geni\u015fler. GNSS* verileri Sisam Adas\u0131 ile Bat\u0131 Anadolu aras\u0131ndaki yerkabu\u011fu geni\u015flemesi miktar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131lda 7.4 mm de\u011ferinde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Ege\u2019deki bu yanal at\u0131m katk\u0131l\u0131 geni\u015fleme hareketi Ege\u2019nin g\u00fcneyinde daha bask\u0131n oranda \u00e7ekme gerilmeli harekete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Bu nedenle Ege\u2019de farkl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte ve t\u00fcrlerdeki aktif faylar yo\u011fun ve uzun s\u00fcren deprem k\u00fcmelenmeleri olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bulundu\u011fu \u00e7evrede b\u00fcy\u00fck deprem yaratma potansiyeli olan Sisam Fay\u0131 ve irili ufakl\u0131 di\u011fer faylar halen s\u00fcren bu hareketler s\u00fcrecinde geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Deprem bilim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Sisam Fay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Ku\u015fadas\u0131 K\u00f6rfezi\u2019nin kuzeyine g\u00f6re 45 derece a\u00e7\u0131yla 15 km derinli\u011fe kadar dald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. B\u00f6lge k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck deprem etkinli\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok yo\u011fundur.<\/p>\n

30 Ekim 2020-16 Kas\u0131m 2020 aras\u0131nda art\u00e7\u0131 depremlerin zamanda ve sahada da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 neyi g\u00f6steriyor?
\n<\/strong>30 Ekim 2020, saat 14:51\u2019de Sisam Fay\u0131 hareket edince, 7.0 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ve 15 km derinlikte bir k\u0131r\u0131lmayla \u00e7evresine yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek enerjili sismik dalgalarla hem yap\u0131lara hasar verip can kayb\u0131na neden oldu hem de uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r b\u00f6lge halklar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tsunami felaketine yol a\u00e7t\u0131; 70 km \u00f6tedeki \u0130zmir \u015fehir merkezinde can kayb\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra y\u0131k\u0131m ve a\u011f\u0131r hasarl\u0131 yap\u0131lar b\u0131rakt\u0131. Her b\u00fcy\u00fck depremde oldu\u011fu gibi \u00e7ok say\u0131da art\u00e7\u0131 deprem \u00fcretti ve halen de s\u00fcrmektedir. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki depremler aylar s\u00fcren art\u00e7\u0131 depremler yarat\u0131rlar. Deprem f\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck depremler olu\u015ftururlar. 5.5-6.0 aras\u0131nda art\u00e7\u0131 deprem olma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksektir. Ana depremden sonra 16 Kas\u0131m 2020 tarihine kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 2.0 ve daha fazla olan 1500 tane art\u00e7\u0131 deprem olmu\u015ftur. Bunlar\u0131n 4.0 ve daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olanlar\u0131 yak\u0131n yerle\u015fmelerde hissedilmi\u015ftir. B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 3.0 ve daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olan art\u00e7\u0131 depremlerin haritadaki da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u015eekil 2\u2019de g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Art\u00e7\u0131 depremler ana deprem merkezinin iki taraf\u0131nda dizilmektedirler. Ana depremin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu k\u0131r\u0131lman\u0131n (fay\u0131n) boyu yap\u0131lan hesaplarda 40-50 km aras\u0131nda verilmektedir.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u015eekil 2. 30 Ekim 2020\u2019de olan 7.0 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki ana depremin yeri (siyah y\u0131ld\u0131z), Sisam Fay\u0131 (mavi renkli \u00e7izgi), art\u00e7\u0131 depremler (k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkli daireler). Sol \u00fcstte g\u00f6sterilen \u015fekildeki gibi bu depremde Sisam Adas\u0131 y\u00fckselmi\u015f (+ i\u015faret), \u00f6n\u00fcndeki Ku\u015fadas\u0131 K\u00f6rfezi taban\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (- i\u015faret). Art\u00e7\u0131 depremlerin fay\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131na ve g\u00fcneydo\u011fusuna uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

30 Ekim 2020-16 Kas\u0131m 2020 tarihleri aras\u0131nda olan art\u00e7\u0131 deprem etkinli\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri ve konumlar\u0131 fay boyunca zaman\u0131n fonksiyonu olarak incelenmi\u015ftir (\u015eekil 3 ve \u015eekil 4). Art\u00e7\u0131 depremlerin 3 Kas\u0131m 2020\u2019ye kadar h\u0131zla azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ancak bug\u00fcne kadar stabil bir bi\u00e7imde s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6zlenmektedir (\u015eekil 3). Art\u00e7\u0131 depremlerin fay boyunca olan da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u015eekil 2 ve \u015eekil 4\u2019den de g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi gibi fay\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda 26.6 derece boylam\u0131ndan daha bat\u0131da ayr\u0131 bir k\u00fcmelenme geli\u015fimi g\u00f6zlenmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca 26.20 boylam\u0131n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda da ayr\u0131 bir k\u00fcmelenme e\u011filimi vard\u0131r. Art\u00e7\u0131 depremlerin zaman ve mek\u00e2nda g\u00f6\u00e7 \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri bu nedenle incelenmelidir. \u015eekil 4\u2019de fay boyunca art\u00e7\u0131 depremlerin zamana g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda belirgin bir g\u00f6\u00e7 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fckmemekle birlikte ana depremin bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki k\u00fcmelenmeler fark edilmektedir. Ana depremin do\u011fusundaki art\u00e7\u0131 deprem etkinli\u011finde sa\u00e7\u0131lma fay\u0131n g\u00fcneydo\u011fusunda az da olsa belirginle\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n

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\u015eekil 3. Ana depremin hemen sonras\u0131 ba\u015flayan ve b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 2.0 ve daha fazla olan art\u00e7\u0131 depremlerin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcklerinin zaman i\u00e7erisinde de\u011fi\u015fimi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\u015eekil 4. B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 2.0 ve daha fazla olan art\u00e7\u0131 depremlerin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcklerine g\u00f6re (\u00fcst) ve fay boyunca (alt) zamanda de\u011fi\u015fimi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

30 Ekim 2020’de meydana gelen 7.0 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki Sisam-Ku\u015fadas\u0131 K\u00f6rfezi depremi i\u00e7in uydulardan al\u0131nan GNSS* ve InSAR* y\u00f6ntemleriyle yap\u0131lan \u00f6n analizlerde, depremi yaratan fay\u0131n karakteristikleri hakk\u0131nda baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli bilgiler elde edilmi\u015ftir. Normal fay hareketi Sisam Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda yaklas\u0327\u0131k 10 cm\u2019nin \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselme olu\u015ftururken, adan\u0131n kuzeyinde deniz alt\u0131ndaki do\u011fu-bat\u0131 do\u011frultulu normal fay\u0131n \u00fczerinde 1.8 m \u00e7\u00f6kmeye (d\u00fc\u015fey yer de\u011fi\u015ftirme) neden olmu\u015ftur. \u0130ki farkl\u0131 raporda Sisam Adas\u0131, \u0130zmir ve Ku\u015fadas\u0131 civar\u0131nda bulunan faylar \u00fczerinde gerilmenin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yunan sismolog Gerassimos Papadopoulos ise adan\u0131n kuzey ve g\u00fcney k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlerden depremin Sisam Adas\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda 18-25 cm aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen bir y\u00fckselme oldu\u011fu ve denizin k\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7izgisinden ortalama 3 m \u00e7ekildi\u011fini belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n

Ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 tsunami vurdu!<\/strong>
\nOrta Do\u011fu Teknik \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin tsunami g\u00f6zlemleri raporuna g\u00f6re Akarca, Zeytinli, S\u0131\u011fac\u0131k, Ala\u00e7at\u0131 sahillerinde \u00f6nemli hasarlar yapan tsunami olaylar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Depremden ortalama 10-15 dakika sonra tsunami bu sahillere ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve yer yer 190 cm y\u00fcksekli\u011fe ula\u015farak k\u0131y\u0131dan i\u00e7erilere h\u00fccum etmi\u015ftir. Deniz Akarca\u2019da 320 m, Ala\u00e7at\u0131 ve Zeytinli\u2019de 1300 m k\u0131y\u0131dan itibaren i\u00e7erilere girmi\u015f ve hasar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sisam ve Karl\u0131oava Adalar\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda tsunami \u00f6nemli hasarlar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Deprem, 70 km uzaktaki \u0130zmir \u015fehir merkezinde neden b\u00fcy\u00fck hasar ve can kay\u0131plar\u0131na neden oldu?<\/strong>
\n7.0 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki Sisam-Ku\u015fadas\u0131 K\u00f6rfezi depremi Sisam ve Karl\u0131ova adalar\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok eski ve tarihi yap\u0131larda a\u011f\u0131r hasar yapt\u0131 ve iki ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden oldu. Ancak 70 km uzakta ve ortalama 4.3 milyon n\u00fcfuslu \u0130zmir \u015fehrinde, \u00f6zellikle k\u00f6rfeze yak\u0131n Bayrakl\u0131 ve Bornova il\u00e7elerinde bina y\u0131k\u0131lmalar\u0131na ve yayg\u0131n \u015fekilde a\u011f\u0131r ve orta hasarlara neden oldu. Deprem an\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131lan binalar nedeniyle 115 ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti, 1034 ki\u015fi yaraland\u0131. Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na g\u00f6re kay\u0131plar\u0131n y\u00fczde 90\u2019\u0131 \u0130zmir Bayrakl\u0131 ve Bornova il\u00e7elerindeki baz\u0131 mahallelerde oldu.<\/p>\n

Resmi a\u00e7\u0131klamalara g\u00f6re 11 Kas\u0131m 2020 itibariyle, 109 bin 921 binada 586 bin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmde hasar tespit \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131r hasarl\u0131 ve acil y\u0131k\u0131lacak bina say\u0131s\u0131 506 olup, bu binalardaki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hane say\u0131s\u0131 4239\u2019dur. 2423 \u00e7ad\u0131r kurulmu\u015f ve 17.263 battaniye, 10.730 yatak da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1000 adet konteyner kurulum \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Deprem merkezine 40 km uzakta olan Ku\u015fadas\u0131\u2019nda 17 binan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r hasarl\u0131, 314 binan\u0131n ise orta hasarl\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

30 Ekim 2020 Ku\u015fadas\u0131 K\u00f6rfezi Depremi nedeniyle acaba neden 70 km uzaktaki \u0130zmir\u2019in \u015fehir merkezinde bu kadar \u00e7ok bina a\u011f\u0131r hasar ald\u0131, y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131 ve can kayb\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 fazla oldu? Ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda daha yak\u0131n yerle\u015fmelerde daha az hasar varken bu kayba neden olan unsurlar nedir? \u0130T\u00dc ve T\u00fcrkiye Deprem Vakf\u0131\u2019n\u0131n raporlar\u0131nda hasarlar\u0131n y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 ana fakt\u00f6rden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bunlar s\u0131ras\u0131yla, \u0130zmir\u2019in k\u00f6rfez civar\u0131n\u0131n deprem dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcten bir havzan\u0131n \u00fczerinde yer almas\u0131 (\u015eekil 5), deprem y\u00f6netmeliklerine uyulmamas\u0131 ve yap\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131 denetimlerin tam olarak yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde, 1990\u2019larda in\u015fa edilmesidir.<\/p>\n

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\u015eekil 5. \u201c\u0130zmir Deprem Senaryosu ve Deprem Master Plan\u0131\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda \u0130zmir K\u00f6rfezi civar\u0131ndaki zeminlerin deprem sismik dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fctme de\u011ferlerinin ve zemin s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n (Z1: En iyi zemin, Z4: en k\u00f6t\u00fc zemin) haritalar\u0131. Zemin b\u00fcy\u00fctmesinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu renk k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fu renk sar\u0131d\u0131r. Z1 zemin en iyi zemin (kaya) sar\u0131 renkli alan, Z4 zemin ise s\u0131v\u0131la\u015fma, binay\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yamama, suya doygun zemin sorunlar\u0131 olan yerlerdir ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkli alanlard\u0131r.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Deprem sonras\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019de ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ac\u0131 olaylardan \u00f6yle anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ki, son 21 y\u0131lda olan 17 A\u011fustos 1999 G\u00f6lc\u00fck, 23 Ekim 2011 Van-Erci\u015f ve 24 Ocak 2020 depremlerinden ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekler kendini yine g\u00f6sterdi. G\u00f6\u00e7 alan, plans\u0131z ve denetimsiz yo\u011fun yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n mek\u00e2n\u0131 olan \u015fehirlerin artmas\u0131n\u0131n, riskleri azaltmay\u0131 ba\u015faramayan bir y\u00f6netim sisteminin ve uygulama s\u00fcrecinin s\u00fcrmesinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 bir bir ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130zmir Belediyesi\u2019nin Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ne yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c\u0130zmir Deprem Senaryosu ve Deprem Master Plan\u0131\u201dnda, \u0130zmir\u2019de k\u00f6rfez civar\u0131 zeminle ilgili ve yap\u0131la\u015fmada bunlar\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 konular\u0131nda \u00f6nemli tespitler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u00f6nerilerde bulunulmu\u015ftur. Nitekim zeminin ta\u015f\u0131ma g\u00fcc\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve s\u0131v\u0131la\u015fma ihtimali en y\u00fcksek olan, zemin b\u00fcy\u00fctmesi fazla olan alanlar haritalanm\u0131\u015f, o zamanki mevcut yap\u0131la\u015fmaya g\u00f6re hasar ve kay\u0131p tahminleri rapor edilmi\u015ftir (\u015eekil 5). Benzer bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u0130stanbul’un deprem risklerini azaltmak ad\u0131na yol haritas\u0131 niteli\u011findeki \u201c\u0130stanbul Deprem Master Plan\u0131\u201dd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu co\u011frafyada b\u00f6ylesine dramlar ilk kez ya\u015fanmamaktad\u0131r ve bu d\u00fczen afet risklerini azaltan bir kimli\u011fe kavu\u015fmad\u0131k\u00e7a deprem ve di\u011fer do\u011fal tehlikelerin afete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen ac\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015famaya devam edece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

*GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System): Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde bulunan noktan\u0131n konumunu, h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 ve zaman\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in bir navigasyon uydular\u0131ndan gelen sinyalleri alan ve say\u0131sal olarak i\u015fleyen bir ayg\u0131tt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

*SAR veya InSAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar): Yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki herhangi bir noktada veya alanda yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmeleri y\u00fcksek duyarl\u0131kta elde etmek i\u00e7in uydulardan gelen radar sinyallerini kullanarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler yapan d\u00fczenektir.<\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a:
\n<\/strong>1) Chatzipetros, A., Kiratzi, A., Sboras, S. , N. Zouros, N. & Pavlides, S., 2013. Active faulting in the north-eastern Aegean Sea Islands. Tectonophysics, 597\u2013598, 106\u2013122.<\/p>\n

2) Erdik, M., Demircio\u011flu, M. B. & C\u00fcneyt, T., 2020. \u0130zmir\u2019de, 30 Ekim Ege Denizi depreminden kaynaklanan bina hasarlar\u0131n\u0131n nedenleri incelendi, Temblor, http:\/\/doi.org\/10.32858\/temblor.139<\/p>\n

3) Ganas, A., Elias, P., Briole, P., Tsironi, V., Valkaniotis, S., Escartin, J., Karasante, I., & Efstathiou, E., 2020, Fault responsible for Samos earthquake identified, Temblor, http:\/\/doi.org\/10.32858\/temblor.134<\/p>\n

4) \u0130T\u00dc Raporu, 2020. 30 Ekim 2020 \u0130zmir Depremi De\u011ferlendirme Raporu, \u0130stanbul Teknik \u00dcniversitesi, 31 sayfa.<\/p>\n

5) \u0130zmir Belediyesi \u0130zmir Deprem Senaryosu ve Deprem Master Plan\u0131, 2000. http:\/\/www.izmir.bel.tr\/izmirdeprem\/
\nMcKenzie, D., 1978. Active tectonics of the Alpine\u2013Himalayan belt: the Aegean Sea and surrounding regions, Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 55, 1, 217-254.<\/p>\n

6) Mountrakis, D., Kilias, A., Vavliakis, E., Psilovikos, A., & Thomaidou, E., 2003. Neotectonic map of Samos Island (Aegean Sea, Greece): implication of Geographical Information Systems in the geological mapping. Proceedings of the 4th European Congress on Regional Geoscientific Cartography and Information Systems, Bologna, Italy, 1, pp. 11\u201313.<\/p>\n

7) Ocako\u011flu, N., Demirba\u011f, E. & Ku\u015f\u00e7u, \u0130., 2005, \u0130zmir Ko\u0308rfezi ve c\u0327evresinin sualt\u0131 aktif faylar\u0131 ve depremselli\u011fi Yerbilimleri, Hacettepe U\u0308niversitesi Yerbilimleri Uygulama ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Dergisi, 27 (1), 23-40<\/p>\n

8) Pavlides, S.,Tsapanos, T., Zouros, N., Sboras, S., Koravos, G. & Chatzipetros, A., 2009. Using active fault data for assessing seismic hazard: a case study from ne Aegean Sea, Greece Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering Satellite Conference XVIIth International Conference on Soil Mechanics & Geotechnical Engineering 2-3. 10. 2009, Alexandria, Egypt.<\/p>\n

9) Segou, M., 2020, Samos depreminin 48 saat sonras\u0131nda neler biliyoruz?, Temblor, http:\/\/doi.org\/10.32858\/temblor.132<\/p>\n

10) Stiros, S., Laborel, J., Laborel-Deguen, F., Papageorgiou, S., Evin, J. & Pirazzoli, P. A., 2000. Seismic coastal uplift in a region of subsidence: Holocene raised shorelines of Samos Island, Aegean Sea, Greece. Marine Geology. Marine Geology, 170, 41-58.<\/p>\n

11) Tan, O., Papadimitriou, E.E., Pabuc\u00e7u, Z. et al., 2014. A detailed analysis of microseismicity in Samos and Ku\u015fadas\u0131 (Eastern Aegean Sea) areas. Acta Geophys. 62, 1283\u20131309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/s11600-013-0194-1<\/p>\n

12) Taymaz, T., Jackson, J. & McKenzie, D., 1991. Active tectonics of the north and central Aegean Sea, Geophys. J. Int. 106, 2, 433-490.<\/p>\n

13) Vernant, P., Reilinger, R. & McClusky, S., 2014. Geodetic evidence for low coupling on the Hellenic subduction plate interface, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 385, 122\u2013129.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

30 Ekim 2020 tarihinde, \u00f6\u011fleden sonra 14:51\u2019de Ege Denizi\u2019nin do\u011fusundaki yerle\u015fmeler \u00e7ok \u015fiddetli salland\u0131. \u0130lk anlarda, \u00e7e\u015fitli sismolojik veri merkezleri depremin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc 6.6 ile 7.0 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen farkl\u0131 de\u011ferlerle bildirdiler. Daha sonra depremin sismik moment b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Avrupa ve ABD merkezli kurumlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan 7.0 olarak rapor edildi. 30 Ekim 2020\u2019deki bu b\u00fcy\u00fck depremin d\u0131\u015f merkezinin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1575,"featured_media":44722,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[691,1539,1672,692],"class_list":["post-47105","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-deprem","tag-fay","tag-izmir","tag-tsunami"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t