{"id":47304,"date":"2020-12-01T00:00:18","date_gmt":"2020-11-30T21:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=47304"},"modified":"2020-11-29T21:17:34","modified_gmt":"2020-11-29T18:17:34","slug":"osmanlida-kucuk-kiyametler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2020\/12\/01\/osmanlida-kucuk-kiyametler","title":{"rendered":"Osmanl\u0131\u2019da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131yametler"},"content":{"rendered":"

Depremler, \u00f6zellikle \u0130stanbul\u2019u etkileyenler Osmanl\u0131 tarihinin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. 1354\u2019de Orhan Bey\u2019in o\u011flu S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kalenin surlar\u0131 depremle y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131nca, bu Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya l\u00fctfu olarak nitelendirilir. En son 1894 felaketinde bilimsel bir rapora rastlanmakla birlikte k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra yine \u2018takdir-i ilahi\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fcl\u00fcr. <\/em><\/p>\n

Yerk\u00fcremiz ile \u00fczerindeki ya\u015fam\u0131n geli\u015fimini anlatan kuramlar, bir a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131nca do\u011fal felaketlerin tarihi olarak da g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Biliminsanlar\u0131 dinozorlar\u0131n milyonlarca y\u0131l s\u00fcren egemenli\u011fini sona erdirip t\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan buzul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir g\u00f6kta\u015f\u0131 \u00e7arpmas\u0131yla ba\u015flat\u0131r. \u0130nsan uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da emekleyip aya\u011fa kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131 boyunca do\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki konumunu say\u0131s\u0131z kurakl\u0131k, sel, toprak kaymas\u0131, yang\u0131n ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131kla bo\u011fu\u015farak korumak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her ne kadar di\u011ferlerine de bolca rastlansa da \u00fclkemiz co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7e\u011fi, yerkabu\u011funun \u00fczerinde s\u00fcregiden ya\u015fam\u0131 hi\u00e7 umursamadan, huysuzca hareket eden tektonik plakalar\u0131n do\u011furdu\u011fu depremlerdir.
\nT\u00fcm di\u011fer tarihsel olgular gibi Anadolu\u2019da ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f depremlere ili\u015fkin bilgilerimiz de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131nda onlar\u0131 kaydedecek tarih\u00e7ilerin bulunmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ok gerilere gitmeden bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 Sel\u00e7uklu d\u00f6neminin hemen \u00f6ncesine \u00e7evirdi\u011fimizde ilk olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za 1072 y\u0131l\u0131nda Antakya\u2019da binlerce ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc deprem \u00e7\u0131kar. Di\u011fer yap\u0131larla birlikte pek \u00e7ok kilisenin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olan sars\u0131nt\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ger\u00e7ek anlam\u0131yla yer yar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Rum patri\u011fi ile beraberindeki bin ki\u015fi arz\u0131n derinliklerine kayarak g\u00f6zden kaybolmu\u015ftur. Bu felaketi tarihe kaydeden ki\u015filere g\u00f6re ya\u015fanan feci olaylar, Ortodoks Asurilerin \u0130ncil<\/em>\u2019i yakmas\u0131 sonucu g\u00f6klerden gelen bir cezad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa\u2019ya l\u00fctfu
\n<\/strong>Anadolu\u2019nun neredeyse her on y\u0131lda bir b\u00fcy\u00fck bir depremle sars\u0131lmas\u0131, \u015f\u00fcphesiz o d\u00f6nemde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015fka yerlerinde de oldu\u011fu gibi, Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yoldan \u00e7\u0131kan insanlara do\u011frulttu\u011fu gazab\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz sonucu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Evlerinin ba\u015flar\u0131na y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 k\u00e2firleri yapt\u0131klar\u0131na pi\u015fman etse de, ayn\u0131 g\u00fcnahlar s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in olacak, s\u0131k\u00e7a yinelenen b\u00f6yle afetler bazen de hak yolundan sapmayanlara \u00f6d\u00fcl gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu durumun en bilinen \u00f6rne\u011fi Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n Trakya\u2019ya uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk d\u00f6nemlere aittir. Orhan Bey\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa (hemen not d\u00fc\u015felim, o g\u00fcnlerde bu Pa\u015fa unvan\u0131n\u0131n ileriki d\u00f6nemlerde kazanaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131yla kullan\u0131l\u0131yor olmas\u0131 zor, olsa olsa b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flan niyetine Ba\u015f A\u011fa anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r), Trakya\u2019da ilk kaleyi fethedip (dikkat da\u011f\u0131tma pahas\u0131na bir not daha d\u00fc\u015felim, bu \u00f6zelli\u011fiyle tarihsel \u00f6neme sahip \u00c7impe Kalesi ge\u00e7mi\u015fimize sayg\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n eksiksiz bir g\u00f6stergesi olarak bug\u00fcn tam bir harabe halindedir, \u00f6yle ki bu sat\u0131rlar\u0131n yazar\u0131n\u0131n saatlerce arad\u0131ktan sonra paslan\u0131p okunmaz hale gelmi\u015f bir yol tabelas\u0131 sayesinde yerini zor buldu\u011fu kalenin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131k \u015fi\u015feler ve gece ziyaret\u00e7ilerinin biyolojik at\u0131klar\u0131yla doludur)\u2026
\n\u00c7ok da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131, ba\u015ftan alay\u0131m, Orhan Bey\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa, Beylik s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Trakya\u2019da Gelibolu\u2019yu alma haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131na giri\u015fmi\u015ftir. Ancak olduk\u00e7a iyi korunmaktad\u0131r kale ve surlar ge\u00e7it vermeyecek gibidir. Derken 1354 y\u0131l\u0131 Mart ay\u0131n\u0131n ikinci g\u00fcn\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir deprem, yaln\u0131zca Gelibolu kalesinin de\u011fil \u00e7evredeki irili ufakl\u0131 ba\u015fka kalelerin de surlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olur. Bu benzersiz f\u0131rsat\u0131 de\u011ferlendiren S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa da pe\u015fi s\u0131ra bah\u015fedilmi\u015f fetihlere giri\u015fir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, deprem Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir l\u00fctfu olarak Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Trakya\u2019ya yerle\u015fmesinin ve Bizans\u2019a kafa tutacak g\u00fcce eri\u015fmesinin ilk ad\u0131m\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Ancak bu tarihten sonra ya\u015fanacak di\u011fer depremlerde b\u00f6ylesi herhangi bir l\u00fctuf s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

\"\"
10 bin ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tahmin edilen 1509 \u0130stanbul depreminde bir\u00e7ok tarihi bina da y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1509 felaketi
\n<\/strong>Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminden bug\u00fcne kalan deprem kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u0130stanbul ve \u00e7evresine yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131, bug\u00fcn de ilgi ba\u011flam\u0131nda ayn\u0131 durumun s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse, \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eehrin Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya ge\u00e7tikten sonra ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk sars\u0131nt\u0131 i\u00e7in ne yaz\u0131k ki \u00e7ok beklemek gerekmez. 10 Eyl\u00fcl 1509\u2019da Tanr\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck insanlar i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131yamet ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Baz\u0131 deprem tarih\u00e7ilerinin 8.0 \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fini ge\u00e7mi\u015f olabilece\u011fini tahmin etti\u011fi bu depremde verilen on bini a\u015fk\u0131n kay\u0131p, \u015fehir n\u00fcfusunun neredeyse y\u00fczde onuna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelmektedir. Yerle bir olan binlerce evin yan\u0131nda surlar\u0131 a\u015fan dalgalar\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 hasar da k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde ciddi boyutlara ula\u015f\u0131r. \u015eehrin viraneye d\u00f6nen semtleri aras\u0131nda bug\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcvenli say\u0131lan Bo\u011faz mahalleleri de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Eski yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zdan okuyanlar belki an\u0131msar, Mimar Atik Sinan taraf\u0131ndan depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in boyu Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n alt\u0131nda tutulan ve bu y\u00fczden Atik Sinan\u2019\u0131n can\u0131ndan olmas\u0131na neden olan Fatih Camii de, K\u0131zkulesi gibi, Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n fetih sonras\u0131 eklenen minaresi gibi ve yeni yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131 gibi hasar g\u00f6ren yap\u0131lar aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Yatak odas\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Padi\u015fah II. Bayezid\u2019in uzun s\u00fcre saray d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda uyumas\u0131na neden olan depremin M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da bile hissedildi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Padi\u015fah depremin hasar\u0131n\u0131 onarabilmek i\u00e7in, buras\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli, halka vergi salm\u0131\u015f, ancak bu vergi Anadolu\u2019dan \u0130stanbul\u2019a getirilen on binlerce usta ile \u015fehrin imar\u0131na harcanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara g\u00f6re \u0130stanbul\u2019da yap\u0131lan evlerde ta\u015f yerine ah\u015fap tercih edilmesinde bu depremin de rol\u00fc az de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

1766: Padi\u015fah Edirne\u2019ye ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yor
\n<\/strong>Bu g\u00fczel \u015fehri sarsan depremlerin bazen onlarca y\u0131l s\u00fcren uykulara yatmas\u0131, bazen de ars\u0131z s\u0131kl\u0131klarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na al\u0131\u015fmak gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yler bize tarih. 1509\u2019dan sonra dikkat \u00e7eken y\u0131k\u0131mlardan en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de 22 May\u0131s 1766\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Her seferinde bat\u0131da Edirne\u2019ye, do\u011fuda \u0130zmit\u2019e, g\u00fcneyde ise Bursa\u2019ya ula\u015fan sars\u0131nt\u0131lar, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 canlar ve y\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 binalarla bir \u00f6ncekinin yar\u0131m b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fi tamamlamay\u0131 hedefler gibidir. \u015eiddeti 6.9 gibi tahmin edilen ve art\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 sekiz ay s\u00fcren 1766 depreminde Yerebatan Sarn\u0131c\u0131 hasar g\u00f6r\u00fcr, \u00e7evre sular alt\u0131nda kal\u0131r, i\u00e7me suyu \u015febekesinin harap olmas\u0131 sonucu salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar ya\u015fan\u0131r, hareminden ayr\u0131lmak zorunda kalan Padi\u015fah III. Mustafa daha g\u00fcvenli say\u0131lan Edirne\u2019ye ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1894 depremini ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla anlatan g\u00fcnl\u00fck
\n<\/strong>Bug\u00fcn beklenen depremin olas\u0131 tarihi i\u00e7in referans kabul edilen b\u00fcy\u00fck deprem ise \u0130stanbul\u2019u 10 Temmuz 1894\u2019te vurur. Padi\u015fah olarak tahtta II. Abd\u00fclhamit bulunmaktad\u0131r. O g\u00fcne kadarki on sekiz y\u0131ll\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 boyunca imparatorluk ciddi toprak kay\u0131plar\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak onun g\u00fcndemi b\u00fcy\u00fck demiryolu projeleriyle doludur. \u00dcstelik k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce ABD\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kan bir orman yang\u0131n\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Amerikan halk\u0131na ciddi miktarda para yard\u0131m\u0131 yapacak kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir. Neyse\u2026 Merkezi Ye\u015filk\u00f6y\u2019\u00fcn sekiz kilometre g\u00fcneyi olarak tahmin edilen deprem, as\u0131l hasara ikincisinin neden oldu\u011fu, toplam\u0131 yirmi saniyeye yak\u0131n s\u00fcren art arda \u00fc\u00e7 darbe halinde gelir. B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 7.0 civar\u0131nda tahmin edilen sars\u0131nt\u0131larda \u00f6l\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131 1300\u2019\u00fc ge\u00e7er. Tarihi Yar\u0131mada\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc harabe haline gelir, Kapal\u0131\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kubbeleri y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r. Deprem s\u0131ras\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 metre geriye \u00e7ekilen deniz, h\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131 toplam\u0131\u015f gibi d\u00f6n\u00fcp k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 vurunca \u00f6n\u00fcne geleni par\u00e7alar. Yo\u011fun \u015fekilde hasar alan Adalar\u2019\u0131n \u00fczerine yer alt\u0131ndan bir gaz bulutu gelip birikir, \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn boyunca bir kara \u015fapka gibi g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde bekledi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenir.
\nTarihin yak\u0131n olu\u015fu nedeniyle 1894 depremiyle ilgili daha fazla bilgiye ula\u015fabilmemiz normal say\u0131labilir. Ancak \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklardan toplananlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, bug\u00fcn elimizde ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir bilgi kayna\u011f\u0131 daha bulunmaktad\u0131r. Asl\u0131 bug\u00fcn \u00dcsk\u00fcdar Belediyesi\u2019nin ar\u015fivinde bulunan, yazar\u0131 anonim bir g\u00fcnl\u00fckt\u00fcr bu. \u0130ncelenmesi olduk\u00e7a ilgin\u00e7 olan bu g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sayfalar\u0131nda yaz\u0131lanlara g\u00f6re, o g\u00fcn Dersaadet\u2019te do\u011fudan hafif bir r\u00fczg\u00e2r esmektedir ve hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0131st\u0131rap vermeyecek derecededir. Belli ki yazar o s\u0131rada vapurda oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in depreme ili\u015fkin yaz\u0131ya d\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilk notlar da denizde beliren ve yolcularda korkuya yol a\u00e7an sert dalgalar\u0131 anlat\u0131r. O s\u0131rada vapurdakiler \u015fehirden y\u00fckselen toz bulutuna bakarak deprem oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yazar karaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda herkesin sokaklarda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6recek, bir yandan \u00e7evrede tan\u0131k olduklar\u0131n\u0131n ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekerken bir yandan da defterine notlar almaya ba\u015flayacakt\u0131r. Depremin ertesindeki birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn boyunca hasarl\u0131 semtleri teker teker dola\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131 ki, Sirkeci\u2019den Sultanahmet\u2019e, oradan da Edirnekap\u0131\u2019ya kadar bir d\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. \u00d6nce Sirkeci civar\u0131nda minareleri y\u0131k\u0131lan camileri, minarede ezan okurken can havliyle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 atlay\u0131p kurtulanlar\u0131 yazar, Sirkeci \u0130skelesi \u00f6n\u00fcnde 42 metrelik bir yar\u0131ktan s\u00f6z eder. Bab\u0131ali Caddesi ve Sultanhamam\u2019da y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar i\u00e7indeki kurtarma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r. Vezneciler, Zeyrek, Unkapan\u0131, Kad\u0131rga, Kumkap\u0131, Langa, Samatya, derken Topkap\u0131\u2019ya kadar neredeyse bina bina, hasar\u0131 ve kay\u0131plar\u0131 not al\u0131r. Bal\u0131kpazar\u0131\u2019nda iskele ba\u015f\u0131ndaki mescidin minaresi y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p alt\u0131nda otururken telef olan iki hamaldan, Atik Mustafapa\u015fa mahallesinde Papaz soka\u011f\u0131nda mukim arabac\u0131 \u0130stefan\u2019\u0131n kendini pencereden atarak ayaklar\u0131yla bile\u011finden yaralanan yirmi ya\u015f\u0131ndaki k\u0131z\u0131 Anjelika\u2019dan, Balat\u2019ta y\u0131k\u0131lan kavak \u00f6n\u00fcnden ge\u00e7erken vefat eden ismi me\u00e7hul zenci tak\u0131m\u0131ndan tahminen yirmi ya\u015flar\u0131nda bir islamdan ve \u00f6len, yaralanan, kurtulan pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fiden tek tek s\u00f6z eder. Derken \u0130stanbul\u2019un di\u011fer semtlerini dola\u015fmaya giri\u015fir. Ortak\u00f6y\u2019den Rumelihisar\u0131\u2019na kadar hasar g\u00f6ren camileri ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden m\u00fcezzinleri yazar. Kad\u0131k\u00f6y\u2019de Ermeni kilisesinin duvarlar\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015fen birka\u00e7 ta\u015f ve bir iki hafif hasarl\u0131 binadan, bir de kuyu kazarken topra\u011fa g\u00f6m\u00fclen yirmi iki ya\u015f\u0131ndaki H\u0131rvat Marko\u2019dan s\u00f6z eder. Sonra Adalar\u2019\u0131, Pendik\u2019i, Tuzla\u2019y\u0131 gezer. Tren hatt\u0131 \u00fczerinde Boz\u00fcy\u00fck\u2019e kadar istasyonlar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hatta Eski\u015fehir\u2019in hasara u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyup bildirir. Sayfalardaki g\u00fcnler ilerledik\u00e7e notlarda mucizevi kurtulu\u015f \u00f6yk\u00fcleri de belirmeye ba\u015flar. \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131-y\u0131 Kebir\u2019de suculuk yapan Ermeni Agob\u2019un su dolu iki k\u00fcp aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p Sal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcnden Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fcne kadar nas\u0131l hayatta kalarak kurtar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, gaytanc\u0131 Paskal ile \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 Atoi ve Teokidos\u2019un Nuruosmaniye zab\u0131ta memurlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan enkazdan sa\u011f \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli olaylar\u0131 anlat\u0131r. Benzersiz bir tan\u0131kl\u0131kt\u0131r bu isimsiz kahraman\u0131n aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131. Sonlara do\u011fru yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 toparlamak i\u00e7in eski depremlerden s\u00f6z eder ve g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc deprem sonras\u0131nda duyurulan yard\u0131m kampanyas\u0131na kimlerin ne kadarl\u0131k katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir listeyle bitirir.<\/p>\n

\"\"
1766 depreminde Yerebatan Sarn\u0131c\u0131 hasar g\u00f6r\u00fcr, i\u00e7me suyu \u015febekesinin harap olmas\u0131 sonucu salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar ya\u015fan\u0131r.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Egonitis\u2019in bilimsel raporu
\n<\/strong>Bu depremle ilgili bilgilerimizin resmi nitelikteki kayna\u011f\u0131 ise afet sonras\u0131nda Padi\u015fah II. Abd\u00fclhamit taraf\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul\u2019a davet edilerek olup biteni incelemesi istenen Atina Rasathanesi M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Egonitis\u2019in, \u0130stanbul Rasathanesi M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Coumbary ile birlikte haz\u0131rlay\u0131p depremden bir ay kadar sonra Saray\u2019a sundu\u011fu raporudur. Egonitis\u2019in bu raporuyla \u201cdeprem \u00f6ld\u00fcrmez, dayan\u0131ks\u0131z yap\u0131lar \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr\u201d tezinin babas\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. B\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 hasar d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131larla ili\u015fkilendirir Rasathane M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc. Ah\u015fap binalar\u0131n depreme gayet iyi direndi\u011fini, k\u00e2gir binalar\u0131n kolayca y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sa\u011flam olmas\u0131 beklenen tu\u011fla binalar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ise zay\u0131f malzeme ve k\u00f6t\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7ilik y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ayakta kalamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. \u00d6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u0131k\u0131ma sahne olan Kapal\u0131\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131\u2019da esnaf\u0131n d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmek i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 kemerleri incelttiklerine dikkat \u00e7eker. Bununla birlikte, kumluk ya da \u00e7amurluk gibi yumu\u015fak zeminlerde yap\u0131lan binalar\u0131n di\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re \u015fans\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izer. Raporun yan\u0131nda bir de deprem haritas\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r Egonitis. \u00c7atalca\u2019dan \u0130zmit\u2019e kadar 175 kilometre uzunlu\u011funda bir b\u00f6lgeyi i\u015faretler. Depremin \u00f6ncesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan belirtiler olarak suyun \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131na, hayvanlar\u0131n s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na de\u011finir. Son olarak da depremleri \u00f6nceden bildirebilecek aletlerin yap\u0131labilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirir. Belli ki \u00f6nc\u00fc bir zihindir Egonitis, de\u011feri bilinmelidir.<\/p>\n

\u2018Takdir-i ilahi\u2019ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f
\n<\/strong>B\u00f6ylesine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir depremin sonras\u0131nda ya\u015fanacaklar\u0131 ise, \u00f6zellikle bug\u00fcn yak\u0131n gelece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp endi\u015felenenlerin tahmin etmesi zor de\u011fildir. Telgraf hatlar\u0131 zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden yak\u0131n \u00e7evre ile ileti\u015fim kopar, \u0130stanbul d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgelerden uzun s\u00fcre sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 haber al\u0131namaz. Temiz su s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 uzun s\u00fcren kolera salg\u0131n\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Art\u00e7\u0131 sars\u0131nt\u0131lar nedeniyle sokakta ya\u015fayan halkta endi\u015fe en y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeydedir. Ancak devletin \u00f6zellikle bu endi\u015feye kar\u015f\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemler birbiri ard\u0131na gelir. Alelacele haz\u0131rlat\u0131lan ba\u015fka bir rapor depremin \u0130stanbul de\u011fil Bursa depremi oldu\u011funu iddia eder. Bir Meclis-i Ayan \u00fcyesi ise kendi raporuyla tarih boyunca \u0130stanbul\u2019da ya\u015fanan depremlerden yola \u00e7\u0131karak \u015fehirde bir daha deprem olmas\u0131n\u0131n imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r. Ama en \u00f6nemlisi, namaz vakitleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda camilerden ezanlar okutulur, avu\u00e7lar semaya \u00e7evrilir, hatimler indirilir, K\u00e2be\u2019ye dualar \u0131smarlan\u0131r, Padi\u015fah b\u00fct\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n abdestli gezmelerini ister, ibadetlerini aksatmay\u0131p t\u00f6vbe etmeleri gerekti\u011fini bildirir ve bir sonraki depreme kar\u015f\u0131 etkili \u00f6nlemler al\u0131n\u0131r.
\nArt\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n tedirginli\u011fi azal\u0131r azalmaz, y\u0131k\u0131lan ya da hasar g\u00f6ren binalar\u0131n yerlerinde yap\u0131m onar\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 da ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Ancak bu kez de bina sahipleri ile m\u00fchendisler kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelir. Sa\u011flam binalara \u201c\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fckt\u00fcr, yeniden yap\u0131ls\u0131n\u201d damgas\u0131 vuranlar m\u0131 dersiniz, giri\u015fti\u011fi i\u015fte yine dayan\u0131ks\u0131z malzeme kullanmakta \u0131srar edenler mi, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck yap\u0131lara r\u00fc\u015fvet kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flamd\u0131r diyenler mi? \u015eik\u00e2yetler \u00f6yle artar, i\u015fler \u00f6yle sarpa sarar ki, karma\u015f\u0131k binalarda son kararlar\u0131 verebilmek i\u00e7in Padi\u015fah taraf\u0131ndan \u0130n\u015faat-i Fenniye ve Heyet-i Fenniye adlar\u0131nda iki komisyon kurulur. Kendi \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir t\u00fcr \u201cKentsel D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u201dd\u00fcr \u0130stanbul\u2019da ba\u015flat\u0131lan. Bu arada iki de sismograf sipari\u015f edilir \u0130talya\u2019dan, onu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131racak sismolo\u011fuyla birlikte. Sismograflardan biri, tabi ki \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun en de\u011ferli varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n burnunun dibine, Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray\u0131\u2019na kurulur. Di\u011feri ise \u00f6nce Pera\u2019daki Rasathane\u2019i Amire\u2019ye kurulacak, y\u0131llar sonra bug\u00fcnk\u00fc yeri olan Kandilli\u2019ye ta\u015f\u0131nacakt\u0131r. 1894 depreminden 18 y\u0131l sonra \u0130stanbul bu kez de \u015eark\u00f6y depreminin etkisiyle sars\u0131lacak, ama o depremin de bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce Hay\u0131rs\u0131z Ada\u2019ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilen k\u00f6peklerin ah\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131, de\u011fi\u015fen pek bir \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterecektir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak bu topraklarda bin y\u0131ld\u0131r depremin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdir-i ilahidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Depremler, \u00f6zellikle \u0130stanbul\u2019u etkileyenler Osmanl\u0131 tarihinin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. 1354\u2019de Orhan Bey\u2019in o\u011flu S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kalenin surlar\u0131 depremle y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131nca, bu Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya l\u00fctfu olarak nitelendirilir. En son 1894 felaketinde bilimsel bir rapora rastlanmakla birlikte k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra yine \u2018takdir-i ilahi\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fcl\u00fcr. Yerk\u00fcremiz ile \u00fczerindeki ya\u015fam\u0131n geli\u015fimini anlatan kuramlar, bir a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131nca […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":177,"featured_media":47305,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7091,38],"tags":[5705,5602],"class_list":["post-47304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-200-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","tag-hasan-goren","tag-rivayet-muhtelif"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t