{"id":47818,"date":"2010-11-01T11:30:47","date_gmt":"2010-11-01T09:30:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=47818"},"modified":"2020-12-28T11:33:07","modified_gmt":"2020-12-28T08:33:07","slug":"agiz-dis-hastaliklari-enfeksiyonlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2010\/11\/01\/agiz-dis-hastaliklari-enfeksiyonlari","title":{"rendered":"A\u011f\u0131z-di\u015f hastal\u0131klar\u0131, enfeksiyonlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u015eaban Sezgin \/ Di\u015f Hekimi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mikroorganizmalar (bakteriler, vir\u00fcsler, mantarlar, protooazalar) hastal\u0131k yapma kudretine, say\u0131lar\u0131n, v\u00fccudun direncine, antibiotik ve s\u00fclfamidlere diren\u00e7lerine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fik derecelerde hastal\u0131k yapma potansiyeli ta\u015f\u0131rlar. A\u011f\u0131zdaki mikroorganizmalar\u0131n iltihap etkeni olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131 hastan\u0131n genel v\u00fccut sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yeterli ve kaliteli salg\u0131lanmas\u0131na, di\u015flerin ve di\u015f etlerinin, a\u011f\u0131z \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na; a\u011f\u0131zdaki protez ve dolgular\u0131n usul\u00fcnce yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ilgilidir. A\u011f\u0131z temizli\u011fine pek dikkat etmeyen ve v\u00fccut direnci d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kimselerde di\u015f etleri \u015fi\u015f, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve kolayca kanamaya meyillidir. \u015eartlar iyiye gitmezse di\u015f etlerinde harabiyet olu\u015fur. Sindirim ve a\u011f\u0131z- di\u015f temizli\u011findeki rol\u00fc nedeniyle, t\u00fckr\u00fck bezlerini k\u0131saca g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irelim. T\u00fckr\u00fck bezleri, sa\u011fl\u0131 sollu iki\u015fer adet olarak alt \u00e7enede, \u00e7ene alt\u0131 t\u00fcrkr\u00fck bezleri; dil alt\u0131 t\u00fckr\u00fck bezleri ve kulak \u00f6n\u00fc t\u00fckr\u00fck bezleri (parotis) farkl\u0131 kimyasalda t\u00fckr\u00fck salg\u0131lar\u0131yla, sindirimi a\u011f\u0131zda ba\u015flatmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fckr\u00fck, a\u011f\u0131zdaki mikroplar\u0131 mideye yollayarak say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fckr\u00fck bezleri enfeksiyonu, ya t\u00fckr\u00fck bezi kanal\u0131 yoluyla ya da mikroorganizmalar\u0131n kan yoluyla t\u00fckr\u00fck bezlerine gelmeleriyle olu\u015fur. T\u00fckr\u00fck bezi kanallar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f ile t\u0131klanmas\u0131yla tabloya enfeksiyonda e\u015flik edebilir. Ta\u015f vakalar\u0131 daha \u00e7ok \u00e7ene alt\u0131 t\u00fckr\u00fck bezlerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Vir\u00fctik etkiyle olu\u015fan kabakulak hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 saha \u00e7ok k\u0131\u015f mevsimlerinde, okullarda, \u00e7ocuklar aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015f yaparak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. 16-18 g\u00fcnl\u00fck kulu\u00e7ka d\u00f6neminden sonra bir hafta kadar, kulak \u00f6n\u00fc t\u00fckr\u00fck bezi tek veya \u00e7ift tarafl\u0131 \u015fi\u015fer. \u00c7ocuklarda hafif enfeksiyon yaparak iyile\u015fir. Nadiren testis ve yumurtal\u0131k iltihab\u0131 yapar.<\/p>\n<p>Mikroplar genelde v\u00fccudu bir giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131ndan, s\u0131yr\u0131klardan, k\u0131r\u0131k ve yaralardan veya ameliyat sonras\u0131 komplikasyonla enfekte eder. A\u011f\u0131z bo\u015flu\u011funda di\u015f \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fckleri yoluyla ilerleyerek di\u015f \u00f6z\u00fcne ula\u015f\u0131p tedavi edilmeyen vakalarda k\u00f6k ucunda apse \u015feklinde belirti verirler. Apse kayna\u011f\u0131 bazen ba\u015fka yerde olup kan ve lenf yoluyla da ta\u015f\u0131nabilir. \u0130ltihapta o b\u00f6lgede \u00f6nce damar daralmas\u0131, hemen akabinde damar geni\u015fleyerek beyaz kan h\u00fccreleri (\u00f6kositler) ve bir miktar damar s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 iltihap b\u00f6lgesine ge\u00e7er. Lokal olarak k\u0131zar\u0131kl\u0131k, s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u015fi\u015flik, a\u011fr\u0131 olu\u015fur. Genel olarak ate\u015f y\u00fckselmesi, nabz\u0131n h\u0131zlanmas\u0131, ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, i\u015ftahs\u0131zl\u0131k ve pasl\u0131 dil bulunur. Apseler olgunla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 zaman drene edilmezlerse, bulunduklar\u0131 yere g\u00f6re y\u00fcz derisine veya a\u011f\u0131z mukozas\u0131na fist\u00fclize olarak a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rlar. Cerahatlenme deri ve mukoza d\u0131\u015f y\u00fcz\u00fcnde olursa yara (\u00fclserasyon) olu\u015fur. Daha ileri safhada damar t\u0131kanmas\u0131yla, o b\u00f6lgedeki dokular beslenemeyece\u011finden gangren olu\u015fur. \u00c7ene kemikleri enfeksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n % 90 nedeni, di\u015f k\u00f6kenli olup kan yoluyla enfekte olabilir. Enfeksiyon kemik dokusu ve kemik b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bozar. Buna \u00f6rnek \u00fcst \u00e7ene di\u015flerinden ikinci k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck az\u0131 di\u015fi ile birinci ve ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck az\u0131 di\u015flerinin k\u00f6k u\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki iltihab\u0131n kemik dokusunu eriterek \u00fcst \u00e7ene sin\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc enfekte etmesidir. Enfeksiyon toplardamar yoluyla da yay\u0131labilir. Damar i\u00e7i p\u0131ht\u0131lar \u00f6nemli anatomik noktalarda t\u0131kanma yaparlarsa tehlikeli sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilir. (Sinus kavernosus t\u0131kanmas\u0131) Di\u015f enfeksiyonun di\u011fer bir komplikasyonu beyin apseleridir. Aktinomikozis hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkeni a\u011f\u0131zda sessizce bulunur. \u00c7\u00fcr\u00fck yoluyla k\u00f6k ucundan, \u00e7ekim yaras\u0131 yoluyla veya di\u015feti cebi iltihab\u0131 sonucuyla yumu\u015fak dokuya yay\u0131larak y\u00fczde sert\u00e7e t\u00fcnel \u015feklinde apse olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n<p>K\u0131z\u0131l, k\u0131zam\u0131k, tifo gibi ate\u015fli genel hastal\u0131klarda a\u011fz\u0131 mukozas\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkte \u00f6demli, dil pasl\u0131 ve \u015fi\u015f haldedir. Enfeksiyon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7ince a\u011f\u0131z lezyonlar\u0131 d\u00fczelir. K\u0131zam\u0131kta v\u00fccut d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fclerinden \u00f6nce a\u011fz\u0131 i\u00e7inde, yanakta koplik lekeler g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. A\u011f\u0131zda belirti veren az\u0131 enfeksiyonlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6ylece s\u0131ralayabiliriz.<\/p>\n<p>Herpes Simplex vir\u00fcs\u00fc, u\u00e7uk etkenidir. Dudak, dil, yanak i\u00e7i ve y\u00fczde g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. \u0130\u00e7i s\u0131v\u0131 dolu kabarc\u0131klar zamanla kaybolup tekrar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilirler. Herpes vir\u00fcs\u00fc hayat boyu kal\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Moniliasis, mantar enfeksiyonu olup bilhassa ya\u015fl\u0131 kimselerde takma di\u015flerden sonra, yanak i\u00e7i, dil ve yutakta beyaz pamuk gibi lezyonlar olu\u015fabilir. Etkeni \u00e7ocuklarda pamuk\u00e7uk hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapar.<\/p>\n<p>Frengi (sifilis) hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n klinik belirtileri aras\u0131nda yara (\u015fankr) olu\u015fumu, genital organlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda dudaklarda ve daha az nispetle dil, yanak, damak, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dil ve bademciklerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Birinci ve ikinci d\u00f6nem sifilizinde lezyonlar hastal\u0131k etkeni (treponema pollidum) ta\u015f\u0131r, temasla bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Beh\u00e7et hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131: a\u011f\u0131zda, genital organlarda aft\u00f6z yaralar, mafsal a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 ve g\u00f6z lezyonlar\u0131n\u0131n tarifini 1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hulusi Beh\u00e7et vermi\u015ftir. Vir\u00fctik men\u015feli oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. A\u011f\u0131zda dil, yutak veya di\u015fetinde \u00fczeri sar\u0131ms\u0131 gri ifrazatla kapl\u0131 yaralar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>A\u011f\u0131z t\u00fcberk\u00fclozu, etkeni olan koli basili a\u011f\u0131z yoluyla al\u0131nsa da belirtiler a\u011f\u0131zda hemen g\u00f6r\u00fclmezler. \u00c7ocuklarda a\u011f\u0131zdaki herhangi bir lezyondan giri\u015f yapan t\u00fcberk\u00fcloz etkeni kulu\u00e7ka d\u00f6neminden sonra a\u011f\u0131zda yara ile kendini g\u00f6sterir. Boyundaki lenf bezleri \u015fi\u015fer. \u00c7ocuklarda sebebi bilinmeyen boyun lenf bezlerinin \u015fi\u015fliklerinin nedeni, fark\u0131na var\u0131lmadan ge\u00e7mi\u015f a\u011f\u0131z lezyonlar\u0131 olabilir. A\u011f\u0131z t\u00fcberk\u00fcloz lezyonlar\u0131 ileriki safhada \u00fclserle\u015fir. Do\u011fu\u015ftan kalp rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve romatizmal kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan ki\u015filerde a\u011f\u0131z cerrahi i\u015flemleri ve di\u015f \u00e7ekiminden \u00f6nce bulunan alfa hemolitik streptoklar\u0131n kalp adalesi ve kalp kapak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131na kan yoluyla giderek yerle\u015fip zarar vermesi \u00f6nlenmi\u015f olur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u015eaban Sezgin \/ Di\u015f Hekimi Mikroorganizmalar (bakteriler, vir\u00fcsler, mantarlar, protooazalar) hastal\u0131k yapma kudretine, say\u0131lar\u0131n, v\u00fccudun direncine, antibiotik ve s\u00fclfamidlere diren\u00e7lerine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fik derecelerde hastal\u0131k yapma potansiyeli ta\u015f\u0131rlar. A\u011f\u0131zdaki mikroorganizmalar\u0131n iltihap etkeni olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131 hastan\u0131n genel v\u00fccut sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yeterli ve kaliteli salg\u0131lanmas\u0131na, di\u015flerin ve di\u015f etlerinin, a\u011f\u0131z \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na; a\u011f\u0131zdaki protez ve dolgular\u0131n usul\u00fcnce yap\u0131l\u0131p [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":429,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[118,38,535],"tags":[7202,561,425],"class_list":["post-47818","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-81-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-forum","tag-agiz-ve-dis-sagligi","tag-forum","tag-saglik"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47818","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/429"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=47818"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47818\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=47818"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=47818"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=47818"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}