{"id":47820,"date":"2010-11-01T11:33:18","date_gmt":"2010-11-01T09:33:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=47820"},"modified":"2020-12-28T11:35:30","modified_gmt":"2020-12-28T08:35:30","slug":"sanatta-kurt-kimligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2010\/11\/01\/sanatta-kurt-kimligi","title":{"rendered":"Sanatta K\u00fcrt kimli\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0130lkem Ezgi A\u015fam<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de herhangi bir halk\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131k s\u00f6z konusu olmayacakt\u0131. Sus yasa\u011f\u0131 ile birlikte K\u00fcrt\u00e7e sadece yasaklanmakla kalm\u0131yor, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e konu\u015fanlar takip alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p konu\u015ftuklar\u0131 kelime ba\u015f\u0131na ceza \u00f6d\u00fcyorlard\u0131. T\u00fcrklerle ayn\u0131 dine mensup olan K\u00fcrt halk\u0131 i\u00e7in durum di\u011fer halklardan biraz daha farkl\u0131yd\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar bu din ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden az\u0131nl\u0131k olarak dahi kabul g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyeceklerdi. Ve az\u0131nl\u0131k dahi g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen bir halk i\u00e7in ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olan bir \u015fey vard\u0131 ki, o da benliklerinin ba\u015fka bir ulusun benli\u011finde eritilmesi.<\/p>\n<p>1923\u2019den \u00f6nce \u0130zmit\u2019te gazetecilerin sorular\u0131n\u0131 yan\u0131tlayan Mustafa Kemal, K\u00fcrtlere isterlerse \u00f6zerklik verilebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. 1923\u2019de Lozan\u2019da imzalanan anla\u015fma ile T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde kabul edildi ve \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden yakla\u015f\u0131k bir y\u0131l sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren Anayasa ile K\u00fcrtler art\u0131k ne dilleri, ne tarihleri ne de k\u00fclt\u00fcrleriyle kabul edileceklerdi.<\/p>\n<p>Sus yasa\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmayacak, asimilasyon politikas\u0131 elini K\u00fcrt m\u00fczi\u011fine de atacakt\u0131. O d\u00f6nem Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ankara Devlet Konservatuar\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmenleri, Ulvi Cemal Erkin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda do\u011fuya sefer niteli\u011finde geziler d\u00fczenliyor, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e eserleri topluyor, par\u00e7alar\u0131 notaya aktar\u0131yor ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7eviriyorlard\u0131. O d\u00f6nem K\u00fcrt\u00e7e eserlerin be\u011fenilmeyen s\u00f6zlerinde de\u011fi\u015fikliklere gidilmesi bir ulusun ba\u015fka bir ulus i\u00e7inde nas\u0131l eritilmek istendi\u011finin belki de en g\u00fczel kan\u0131t\u0131yd\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin ilk derlemelerden biri olan \u201cK\u00fcrd\u00fcn K\u0131z\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 eser \u201cT\u00fcrkmen K\u0131z\u0131\u201d, \u201cK\u00fcrd\u00fcn Gelini\u201d adl\u0131 eser ise \u201cT\u00fcrkmen Gelini\u201d olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilip TRT\u2019de seslendirilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00fcrtlere ait bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn asimile edilmesiyle yarat\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan bat\u0131l\u0131la\u015fma politikas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye halk\u0131n\u0131 sanattan so\u011futmaktan, T\u00fcrk m\u00fczisyenleri ise bat\u0131l\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnde g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmekten \u00f6teye gidemedi. II. Mahmut\u2019un Donizetti\u2019yi getirmesi ile Mustafa Kemal\u2019in Hindemidt\u2019i getirmesi aras\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir fark yoktu. Hindemidt\u2019in temelini att\u0131\u011f\u0131, amac\u0131n\u0131n halkla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmek oldu\u011fu bir konservatuar olan Ankara Devlet Konservatuar\u0131 y\u00fczlerce m\u00fczikal anlamda donan\u0131ml\u0131 m\u00fczisyen yeti\u015ftirse de bunlar\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131 halkla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015febildi, ka\u00e7\u0131 halk\u0131, halk ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 anlad\u0131?<\/p>\n<p>Harbiye Naz\u0131r\u0131 ve Ba\u015fkomutan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Enver Pa\u015fa, Almanya\u2019ya yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ziyaret s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Alman Ordusu\u2019nun bir Ordu Film Dairesi kurarak, bir propaganda arac\u0131 olarak sinemay\u0131 ne denli kulland\u0131klar\u0131na \u015fahit olmu\u015f ve yurda d\u00f6ner d\u00f6nmez Sigmund Weingberg ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir Merkez Ordu Sinema Dairesi kurmu\u015ftur. Sigmund Weinberg\u2019in o d\u00f6nem yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ise ilk T\u00fcrk filmine imza atan Fuat Uzk\u0131nay\u2019d\u0131r. O d\u00f6nem ekilen belge filmleri Nijat \u00d6z\u00f6n\u2019e g\u00f6re sava\u015fla, padi\u015fah\u0131n veya ba\u015fkomutan\u0131n resmi ve \u00f6zel ya\u015famlar\u0131 ile ilgiliydi. Ordu ve sineman\u0131n bu i\u015fbirli\u011fi 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 yerini Mal\u00fcl Gaziler ve Sinema i\u015fbirli\u011fine b\u0131rakacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrk sinemas\u0131nda h\u00e2kim bir karakter vard\u0131 ki o da T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 kimli\u011fiydi. T\u00fcrk halk\u0131 sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r, T\u00fck erke\u011fi kahraman, yak\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr. Askerlik vatan borcudur, askerlik yapmayana k\u0131z verilmez, askerlik yapmayan erkek de\u011fildir gibi s\u00f6zler, olu\u015fturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fimde hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r yere sahiptir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve g\u00f6\u00e7le beraber 1950\u2019lerden sonra K\u00fcrtler, T\u00fcrk sinemas\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fen k\u00f6y ger\u00e7e\u011fi ile beraber T\u00fcrk sinemas\u0131nda bir yer edinmi\u015flerdir. Art\u0131k filmlerde K\u00fcrtlerin g\u00f6\u00e7 ettikleri \u015fehirler konu ediliyor, nereden geldikleri, \u015fehir isimleri T\u00fcrk sinemas\u0131nda yer buluyordu. Mara\u015f bu illerden ilkidir. Dersim, Batman, Amed, Urfa, Mardin, Antep, s\u00f6z konusu edilen di\u011fer illerdir. \u00c7ekilen filmlerde sadece bir realite olarak var olan K\u00fcrtler, kimlikleri ile bu filmlerde yer almamakla beraber, izleyiciye \u201cDa\u011fl\u0131 T\u00fcrkler\u201d olarak lanse edilmi\u015flerdi. Bu durum 12 Eyl\u00fcl ile de\u011fi\u015fen bir realiteye b\u0131rakt\u0131 yerini. K\u00fcrtler, sineman\u0131n i\u00e7inde de kendilerini o d\u00f6nemin \u015fartlar\u0131yla az da olsa g\u00f6stermi\u015fler, da\u011fl\u0131 T\u00fcrkler olma tabirini, k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini ve dillerini sinemaya aktarmakla y\u0131kmay\u0131 hedeflemi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n<p>Kimlikleriyle beraber K\u00fcrtler ancak 1990\u2019lardan sonra T\u00fcrk sinemas\u0131nda yer alabilmi\u015flerdir. Bu filmlerde anadilleriyle beraber yer almalar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de var olan K\u00fcrt sinemas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1998\u2019de Ye\u015fim Ustao\u011flu y\u00f6netmenli\u011finde \u00e7ekilen \u201cG\u00fcne\u015fe Yolculuk\u201d, T\u00fcrk sinemas\u0131 i\u00e7inde K\u00fcrtlerin K\u00fcrtler taraf\u0131ndan temsil edildi\u011fi ilk filmdir. Filmin ba\u015frol\u00fcn\u00fc tiyatro k\u00f6kenli K\u00fcrt oyuncular payla\u015f\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka kad\u0131n y\u00f6netmen Handan \u0130pek\u00e7i\u2019nin 2001\u2019de \u00e7ekti\u011fi \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Adam K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck A\u015fk\u201d filmi de, i\u00e7inde K\u00fcrt kimli\u011finin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli filmlerdendir.<\/p>\n<p>Son d\u00f6neme bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u00e7ekilen filmlerde K\u00fcrtlerin sadece bir realite olarak var oldu\u011funu de\u011fil, T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrk sinemas\u0131 haricinde, geli\u015fmekte olan bir de K\u00fcrt sinemas\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebiliyoruz. Son d\u00f6nem \u00e7ekilen filmler aras\u0131nda yer alan, Miraz Bezar y\u00f6netmenli\u011findeki \u201cM\u0131n Dit\u201d, bu geli\u015fmenin en g\u00fczel \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cM\u0131n Dit\u201di di\u011fer filmlerden ay\u0131ran en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zellik filmin dilinin K\u00fcrt\u00e7e olmas\u0131d\u0131r. 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda K\u00fcrt halk\u0131na yap\u0131lan Jitem i\u015fkencesini ve bu i\u015fkence sonucu da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir ailenin kalan son iki bireyinin hayatta kalma m\u00fccadelesinin anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cM\u0131n Dit\u201d, gerek yal\u0131n dili gerekse \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle ad\u0131n\u0131 \u015fimdiden K\u00fcrt sinema tarihine kaz\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu sene 47.\u2019si d\u00fczenlenen Alt\u0131n Portakal Film Festivali\u2019nin j\u00fcri ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc K\u00fcrt y\u00f6netmen Bahman Ghobadi olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00f6d\u00fcl alan bir filmin oyuncular\u0131ndan birinin K\u00fcrt\u00e7e \u201ciyi g\u00fcnler\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen \u201croj baj\u201d demesi ele\u015ftirilip, sald\u0131r\u0131 boyutunda tepkilere neden oluyorsa, bunun bir tek a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 vard\u0131r: Baz\u0131 insanlar\u0131n h\u00e2l\u00e2 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n Jitem k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcstlerinden atamamas\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Y\u0131lmaz G\u00fcney ve bir\u00e7ok de\u011ferden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lsa da K\u00fcrt edebiyat\u0131, K\u00fcrt m\u00fczi\u011fi art\u0131k ka\u00e7ak ve yasakl\u0131 de\u011fil, verilen eserler ve al\u0131nan ba\u015far\u0131larla, bir halk\u0131n kendi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc kendisinin ne g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklerle de olsa tayin edebilece\u011finin g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130lkem Ezgi A\u015fam T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de herhangi bir halk\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131k s\u00f6z konusu olmayacakt\u0131. Sus yasa\u011f\u0131 ile birlikte K\u00fcrt\u00e7e sadece yasaklanmakla kalm\u0131yor, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e konu\u015fanlar takip alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p konu\u015ftuklar\u0131 kelime ba\u015f\u0131na ceza \u00f6d\u00fcyorlard\u0131. T\u00fcrklerle ayn\u0131 dine mensup olan K\u00fcrt halk\u0131 i\u00e7in durum di\u011fer halklardan biraz daha farkl\u0131yd\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar bu din ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden az\u0131nl\u0131k olarak dahi kabul g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyeceklerdi. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":429,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[118,38,535],"tags":[2477,3683,695,238],"class_list":["post-47820","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-81-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-forum","tag-kimlik","tag-kurt","tag-sanat","tag-tarih"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47820","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/429"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=47820"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47820\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=47820"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=47820"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=47820"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}