{"id":48344,"date":"2021-01-22T11:31:12","date_gmt":"2021-01-22T08:31:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=48344"},"modified":"2021-01-22T11:31:12","modified_gmt":"2021-01-22T08:31:12","slug":"yeni-gozlemler-evrenin-1377-milyar-yil-yasinda-oldugunu-destekliyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2021\/01\/22\/yeni-gozlemler-evrenin-1377-milyar-yil-yasinda-oldugunu-destekliyor","title":{"rendered":"Yeni g\u00f6zlemler evrenin 13,77 milyar y\u0131l ya\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011funu destekliyor"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimizin Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda, \u015eili\u2019nin kuzeyindeki Atakama Kozmoloji Teleskopu (ACT) ile &#8220;Kozmik Mikrodalga Arka Plan I\u015f\u0131mas\u0131&#8221; (\u0130ngilizcede k\u0131saca CMB) \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen son g\u00f6zlemlerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 yay\u0131mland\u0131. \u00c7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerden ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lardan olu\u015fan ekip, CMB g\u00f6zlemlerinden elde ettikleri bulgular\u0131 standart kozmolojik modele (\u039b-CDM) uygulayarak, evrenin ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u2014art\u0131 eksi 40 milyon y\u0131l hassasiyetle\u2014 13,77 milyar y\u0131l olarak hesapland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. Bu tahmin 2009-2013 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Planck uydusu ile yap\u0131lan g\u00f6zlemlerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla uyum g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n<p>CMB, evrende g\u00f6zlenebilen en eski \u0131\u015f\u0131k olarak ifade edilebilir. Evrenin hayli s\u0131cak ve yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu erken d\u00f6nemleri asl\u0131nda fotonlarla dolu olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ortamda serbest bir \u015fekilde gezinen elektronlar taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrekli olarak sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131ma u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131ndan, bu yo\u011fun ortam\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde kapana k\u0131s\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumdayd\u0131lar. Evrenin geni\u015fleyip so\u011fumas\u0131yla, serbest haldeki proton ve elektronlar hidrojen (ve daha sonra helyum) atomlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdular ve b\u00f6ylece fotonlar serbest kald\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck Patlama&#8217;dan yakla\u015f\u0131k 380.000 y\u0131l sonra transparanla\u015fan evrende serbest\u00e7e yay\u0131lan bu ilk \u0131\u015f\u0131k, yani CMB, evrenin milyarlarca y\u0131l \u00f6nceki bebeklik safhalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seren bir foto\u011fraf gibidir. Evrende bunca zaman yol alman\u0131n bedeli olarak dalga boyu git gide uzayan bu ilk \u0131\u015f\u0131k dalgalar\u0131, bug\u00fcn elektromanyetik spektrumun mikrodalga b\u00f6lgesinde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlenebilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>CMB evrenin geni\u015flemesini incelemek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir kaynakt\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc B\u00fcy\u00fck Patlama&#8217;n\u0131n akabinde olu\u015fan yo\u011fun ve s\u0131cak madde denizindeki s\u0131cakl\u0131k dalgalanmalar\u0131 CMB \u00fczerinde g\u00f6zlemlenebilmektedir. Evreninin geni\u015flemesiyle birlikte geni\u015fleyen bu dalgalanmalar\u0131n boyutu, \u2013standart model arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla\u2013 bize Hubble sabitini (yani evrenin geni\u015fleme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131) ve evrenin ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 verir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bahsi ge\u00e7en dalgalanmalar\u0131n boyutunun hassas bir \u015fekilde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_48346\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48346\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-48346 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Kozmik-Mikrodalga-Arka-Plan.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Kozmik-Mikrodalga-Arka-Plan.jpg 600w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Kozmik-Mikrodalga-Arka-Plan-300x150.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-48346\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kozmik Mikrodalga Arka Plan (CMB). Kaynak: Planck Colloboration<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Genelde CMB\u2019ye ili\u015fkin en detayl\u0131 g\u00f6zlem verileri uzaydan, Planck gibi uydulardan gelir. Atmosferin mikrodalga \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 engelleyici etkisinden azade olmak, kozmik kal\u0131nt\u0131daki s\u0131cakl\u0131k dalgalanmalar\u0131n\u0131n daha hassas bir \u015fekilde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesine olanak verir. ACT ise yer merkezli bir teleskop olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n And Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fckseklerine kurulmu\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n avantajlar\u0131n\u0131 sonuna kadar kullan\u0131r. Teleskopun bulundu\u011fu irtifalarda hava katman\u0131 ince ve kuru oldu\u011fundan, olduk\u00e7a iyi bir CMB g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc elde edilebilir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, ACT kozmik \u0131\u015f\u0131ktaki polarizasyonu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlemek i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir teleskoptur.<\/p>\n<p>CMB\u2019deki e\u015fit da\u011f\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 (uniform) s\u0131cakl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerinin boyutunun kozmik geni\u015flemenin h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 vermesi gibi, e\u015fit da\u011f\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 polarizasyon b\u00f6lgelerinin boyutu da ayn\u0131 i\u015flevi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ACT ile CMB\u2019deki polarizasyonun \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fini daha \u00f6nce olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar hassas bir \u015fekilde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleyerek Hubble sabitinin de\u011ferinin 66.4 ila 69.4 km\/s\/Mpc oldu\u011funu tespit ettiler. Buradan, Planck uydusunun sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla uyumlu olarak, evrenin ya\u015f\u0131 13,77 milyar y\u0131l olarak hesapland\u0131. Yani, elimizde birbiriyle uyumlu iki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve hassas CMB \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc oldu.<\/p>\n<p>Ancak evrenin geni\u015fleme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7menin tek yolu CMB\u2019ye bakmak de\u011fil; \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan alternatif metotlardan biri de\u011fi\u015fen y\u0131ld\u0131zlar ve uzaktaki s\u00fcpernovalara ili\u015fkin direkt g\u00f6zlemelere dayan\u0131yor. Sorun \u015fu ki, bu alternatif yakla\u015f\u0131mla hesapland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda CMB\u2019ye g\u00f6re daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir Hubble sabiti elde ediliyor. Hubble sabiti, s\u00fcpernovalar baz al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 71.6 ila 74.4 km\/s\/Mpc aras\u0131nda bulunuyor, yani ACT\u2019ninkinden yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde yedi daha b\u00fcy\u00fck. Bu demek oluyor ki, e\u011fer s\u00fcpernovalara dayanan y\u00f6ntemi do\u011fruysa, evrenimiz CMB\u2019nin \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re hem daha h\u0131zl\u0131 geni\u015fliyor hem de daha gen\u00e7.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6zlem sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki uyumsuzluk bir yerlerde ciddi bir sorun oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor. Bu sorun, baz\u0131 fizik\u00e7ilerin savundu\u011fu \u00fczere standart kozmolojik modelin yeniden ele al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor olabilir. Bir s\u00fcredir kozmik geni\u015flemenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlenmesine dair yeni g\u00f6zlemler ve metotlar\u0131n bu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyordu, ancak ACT\u2019den gelen sonu\u00e7lar g\u00f6re bu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k bir s\u00fcre daha bizimle olmaya devam edecek gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaynaklar:<\/strong><br \/>\n1) https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/149530\/new-observations-agree-that-the-universe-is-13-77-billion-years-old\/<\/p>\n<p>2) https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/149482\/astronomers-improve-their-distance-scale-for-the-universe-unfortunately-it-doesnt-resolve-the-crisis-in-cosmology\/<\/p>\n<p>3) https:\/\/www.jwst.nasa.gov\/content\/science\/firstLight.html<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimizin Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda, \u015eili\u2019nin kuzeyindeki Atakama Kozmoloji Teleskopu (ACT) ile &#8220;Kozmik Mikrodalga Arka Plan I\u015f\u0131mas\u0131&#8221; (\u0130ngilizcede k\u0131saca CMB) \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen son g\u00f6zlemlerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 yay\u0131mland\u0131. \u00c7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerden ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lardan olu\u015fan ekip, CMB g\u00f6zlemlerinden elde ettikleri bulgular\u0131 standart kozmolojik modele (\u039b-CDM) uygulayarak, evrenin ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u2014art\u0131 eksi 40 milyon y\u0131l hassasiyetle\u2014 13,77 milyar y\u0131l olarak hesapland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. Bu tahmin [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":677,"featured_media":48345,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[7263,657,7262,1845,1592],"class_list":["post-48344","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-arka-plan","tag-evren","tag-kozmik-mikrodalga","tag-teleskop","tag-yas"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Cem Oran\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2021\/01\/22\/yeni-gozlemler-evrenin-1377-milyar-yil-yasinda-oldugunu-destekliyor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 4.9.8\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bilim ve Gelecek\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Yeni g\u00f6zlemler evrenin 13,77 milyar y\u0131l ya\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011funu destekliyor | Bilim ve Gelecek\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2021\/01\/22\/yeni-gozlemler-evrenin-1377-milyar-yil-yasinda-oldugunu-destekliyor\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"fb:app_id\" content=\"2104805563100892\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"fb:admins\" content=\"1250955469\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/evren.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/evren.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"700\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"435\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-01-22T08:31:12+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-01-22T08:31:12+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bilimvegelecekdergisi\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@bilimvegelecek\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Yeni g\u00f6zlemler evrenin 13,77 milyar y\u0131l ya\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011funu destekliyor | Bilim ve Gelecek\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/evren.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\\\/index.php\\\/2021\\\/01\\\/22\\\/yeni-gozlemler-evrenin-1377-milyar-yil-yasinda-oldugunu-destekliyor#article\",\"name\":\"Yeni g\\u00f6zlemler evrenin 13,77 milyar y\\u0131l ya\\u015f\\u0131nda oldu\\u011funu destekliyor | Bilim ve Gelecek\",\"headline\":\"Yeni g\\u00f6zlemler evrenin 13,77 milyar y\\u0131l ya\\u015f\\u0131nda oldu\\u011funu destekliyor\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\\\/index.php\\\/author\\\/coran#author\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/01\\\/evren.jpg\",\"width\":700,\"height\":435,\"caption\":\"Atakama Kozmoloji Teleskopu (ACT). 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