{"id":48539,"date":"2021-02-01T00:00:22","date_gmt":"2021-01-31T21:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=48539"},"modified":"2021-01-30T22:53:41","modified_gmt":"2021-01-30T19:53:41","slug":"prostatindan-dahi-cekmedi-sultan-ulema-dilinden-cekdigi-kadar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2021\/02\/01\/prostatindan-dahi-cekmedi-sultan-ulema-dilinden-cekdigi-kadar","title":{"rendered":"Prostat\u0131ndan dahi \u00e7ekmedi Sultan, ulema dilinden \u00e7ekdi\u011fi kadar"},"content":{"rendered":"

II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in 1906 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi \u201cmaraz-\u0131 \u015fahane\u201d ile ilgili raporlar t\u0131p tarihimizin kutsal emanetleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve \u0130ngilizce makale ve bildirilere konu olan bu belgeler II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Tedavisi (1906)<\/strong> adl\u0131 bir kitapta toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yeni yay\u0131n\u0131 Suriye ve Ortado\u011fu tarihi konular\u0131nda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f iki tarih\u00e7iye bor\u00e7luyuz.(1)
\nKitab\u0131n giri\u015finde T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam devletlerinde tababet, Birinci B\u00f6l\u00fcmde Osmanl\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k kurumlar\u0131 ve II. Abd\u00fclhamid d\u00f6neminde t\u0131p alan\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeleri okurken (s. 9-53), keyfinizi ka\u00e7\u0131racak olan 1891 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra Sultan\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ilgili \u201cas\u0131ls\u0131z haberlerin\u201d Avrupa\u2019da yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 Hariciyesi bu tezvirat\u0131 takip ve tekzip etmeyi i\u015f edinir. Yalanlamalar Padi\u015fah\u0131n 1906 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda devam edecektir. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde, Almanya\u2019dan telgrafla \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lan iki hekim II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlenir. Alman hekimler, k\u0131z\u0131 Refia Sultan i\u00e7in gelmi\u015f gibi g\u00f6sterilirler.<\/p>\n

Sultan, altm\u0131\u015fbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131nda bir adam
\n<\/strong>Prof. Ernst von Bergmann i\u00e7in, 26 May\u0131s 1906 Cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc II.Abd\u00fclhamid 65 ya\u015f\u0131nda bir hastad\u0131r (\u201cDer Sultan, ein Mann von f\u00fcnfundsechzig Jahren<\/em>\u201d)(2). Bir ka\u00e7 hafta ilgilendikten sonra, birinci r\u00fctbeden murassa Osmani ni\u015fan\u0131yla Berlin\u2019e d\u00f6nerken, asistan\u0131 Dr. Richard Bier\u2019i hastan\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131r. \u0130ki doktor 11 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de hastalar\u0131n\u0131 tekrar g\u00f6rmeye gelirler ve muayenelerinde Sultan\u0131 \u201cfevkalade afiyette\u201d bulurlar. Ancak, \u00e7izelgelere g\u00f6re Abd\u00fclhamid ate\u015flenmeye devam etmektedir. Prof. von Bergmann on g\u00fcn sonra Almanya\u2019ya d\u00f6nerken Dr. Bier yine Sultan\u0131n yan\u0131nda kal\u0131r.(3)
\nKitab\u0131n \u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n t\u0131bbi kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7en \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc okuyup anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz. Ne var ki, yazarlar terminolojisini anlamad\u0131klar\u0131 t\u0131bbi raporlar\u0131 \u00e7evirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken bir de sadele\u015ftirmeye giri\u015fince, ortaya \u201ct\u0131bbi bir mikrop (piyalo nefrit)\u201d (s. 117) gibi anlams\u0131z deyimler \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Do\u011fru \u00e7eviri: \u201chastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir intani\u2019l-tabii<\/strong> [do\u011fal enfeksiyon] (piyelonefrit) oldu\u011funa \u015f\u00fcbhe b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u201d olacakt\u0131r.
\nKitapta \u201c\u0130crahane-i h\u00fcmayun\u201d (s. 125), belgelerde ise Eczahane-i h\u00fcmayunda haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilen ila\u00e7lar\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu anlamak i\u00e7in, kitapta okudu\u011funuzu unutman\u0131z gerekir:
\n\u201cBitkisel ila\u00e7lardan m\u0131s\u0131r p\u00fcsk\u00fcl\u00fc kaynat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde Bater f\u0131rat dusod Baber f\u0131rat doltik<\/strong> 0,5-1 gram, Bikarbonat dusot tannat d\u00f6ktin<\/strong> 0,50-0,75 santigram, Sulfat d\u00f6ktin<\/strong> 0,40-0,60 santigram kadar, f\u0131k\u0131r f\u0131k\u0131r pi\u015firilmi\u015f banzunaftol<\/strong> 0,5-1 gram kadar.\u201d
\nBiraz re\u00e7ete ve kimya bilgisi olan merakl\u0131lar i\u00e7in, bu c\u00fcmlenin do\u011fru \u00e7evirisi \u015f\u00f6yledir:
\n\u201cM\u00fcdrirat-\u0131 nebatiyeden m\u0131s\u0131r p\u00fcsk\u00fcl\u00fc matbuhu derununda Benzoate de soude, Benzoate de lithine 0,5-1 gram, Bicarbonate de soude 2-3 [gram],\u00a0 Tannate de quinine (kinin) 0,50-0.75 santigram kadar, Sulphate de quinine (solfato) 0,40-0,60 santigram kadar, k\u0131nak\u0131na matbuhu [derununda] Benzo-naphtole 0,5-1,0 gram kadar.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kilyeden K\u00fclliyenin Hicranl\u0131 Sular\u0131
\n<\/strong>Kitapta ad\u0131 Nazif Pa\u015fa olarak ge\u00e7en saray tabibinin ad\u0131n\u0131 (s. 53), M\u00fc\u015fir Hac\u0131 Nafiz Pa\u015fa olarak d\u00fczeltelim. II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in idrar tahlillerinde imzas\u0131 olan Hamidiye Etfal Hastahane-i Alisi ve Mabeyin kimyageri Fehmi Mahmud bin R\u0131za kullar\u0131: Kimyager Tabip Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Fehmi R\u0131za Anl\u0131\u2019d\u0131r (1874-1943). Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray\u0131\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7inde kurulan kimya \u00a0laboratuar\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ve bilimsel olan analiz raporlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evirilerinde \u00e7ok garip yanl\u0131\u015flar okuyor\u0131z:
\n\u201c\u0130\u015fbu mikroskobik incelemelerde Debilofoklar, istafilonun k\u00fclliyede ve t\u00fcm idrar yollar\u0131nda iltihap olu\u015fturma vazifesini icra eyledi\u011fi\u2026\u201d (s. 119)
\nDo\u011fru \u00e7evirisiyle, \u201cDiplokoklar ile istafilonun (stafilokok) kilyede<\/strong>\u2026\u201d, yani b\u00f6brekte oldu\u011funu bilemeyen okur, \u2018k\u00fclliye\u2019 i\u00e7indeki mikroplar\u0131 pek merak edecektir ?
\nSa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa ve sa\u011fl\u0131k kurumlar\u0131na \u00e7ok \u00f6nem verdi\u011fini, \u201changi otlar\u0131n ne t\u00fcr rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 giderdi\u011fini \u00e7ok iyi \u015fekilde bildi\u011fini\u201d (s. 52) \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimiz Padi\u015fah, raporlara inanmak gerekirse, beden termometresiyle ate\u015finin d\u00fczenli olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesine izin vermemi\u015ftir. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda idrar tahlili ilk kez, yine izniyle, 3 A\u011fustosta 1906 g\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131labilmi\u015ftir.
\nBu tahlil-i kimyeviyenin kitaptaki \u00e7evirisi:
\n\u201cdaimi surette geriden yar\u0131k<\/strong> g\u00f6r\u00fclmekde oldu\u011fu gibi\u2026 hicran sular\u0131na<\/strong> ve mesane m\u00fc\u015fahede k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d.
\nDo\u011fru okunu\u015fu: \u201cdaimi suretde k\u00fcreyvat-\u0131 k\u0131yhiye<\/strong> g\u00f6r\u00fclmekde oldu\u011fu gibi\u2026
\nh\u00fcc\u00fcrat-\u0131 h\u00fcveyza<\/strong> ve mesane m\u00fc\u015fahede k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.\u201d Yani, g\u00f6zlenen iltihap, b\u00f6brek pelvisi ile mesanenin h\u00fccreleridir. Ne hicran sular\u0131, ne Hamidiye menba suyu !
\nYay\u0131n haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken \u00e7eviriyaz\u0131n\u0131n sadele\u015ftirme y\u00f6ntemi a\u00e7\u0131klanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle t\u0131bbi raporlar\u0131n dil bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sadele\u015ftirmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, k\u0131rpma-ekleme ile anlam bozulmu\u015ftur. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kitapta yer verilen sadele\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir pasaj (s. 104) ile orijinal belge kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u00e7eri\u011fin nas\u0131l bozuldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir (BOA, YEE.106,17.29):
\n\u201c9 A\u011fustos [1322] Per\u015fembe g\u00fcn\u00fc\u2026 Muayene edilen idrar\u0131n rengi limoni sar\u0131, kokusu kendisine mahsus, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc bulan\u0131k, reaksiyonu asitli olup az miktarda irinden ibarettir. \u0130drar i\u00e7erisinde glikoz, urubilin, aseton, safra ve pepton bulunmakta, ancak az miktarda alb\u00fcmin ile andikan vard\u0131r…\u201d
\n<\/em>\u201cBin \u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcz yirmiki senesi mah-\u0131 A\u011fustosun dokuzuncu \u00c7ehar\u015fenbe g\u00fcn\u00fc\u2026 \u015e\u00f6yle ki, muayene edilen idrar\u0131n yirmid\u00f6rt saatlik hacmi 2700 santimetro mikab\u0131 olub rengi limoni sar\u0131, rayihas\u0131 kokmu\u015f [fetid], manzaras\u0131 bulan\u0131k, team\u00fcl\u00fc ham\u0131zi [asidik], siklet-i izafiyesi [\u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131] 1,008 olub k\u0131yhden [irin] ibaret az mikdarda bir tortuyu havidir. Az miktarda albumin, musin ve muhati havi olub bir litresinde 8,32 gram cevher-i bevl [\u00fcre], 0,85 gram ham\u0131z-\u0131 fosfor [fosforik asit], 2,5 gram tuz [sodyum klor\u00fcr] vard\u0131r\u2026\u201d
\n\u00c7eviride Padi\u015fah\u0131n ila\u00e7lar\u0131 da birer bilmeceye d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr: \u201c\u0130drar getirici bitkilerden maurli kaynat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f idi\u201d (s. 120). Do\u011frusu: \u201cM\u00fcdrirat-\u0131 nebatiyeden Uva ursi<\/strong> [Ay\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc yapra\u011f\u0131] matbuhundan ibaret idi\u201d.
\nDi\u011fer yanl\u0131\u015f okumalara \u00f6rnek:
\nManyezi hazi (s. 49) Menfezi hanri (s. 117) : Magn\u00e9sie Henry
\n<\/em>Resosas (s. 119): Resorcine
\n<\/em>\u201cBitalinium\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131\u201d (s. 119): orijinal metinde Frans\u0131zca R\u00e9tention<\/em>\u2019a kar\u015fu,
\nFurmayan Dusod, Furmeyad Dusod, Formiyad Sud (s. 123-124): Formiate de soude<\/em>, vb.<\/p>\n

Cuma Selaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 krizi ve Keyy
\n<\/strong>II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in maraz-\u0131 \u015fahanesi neydi ? T\u0131bbi raporlardan ve Paris\u2019te yay\u0131mlanan \u015eura-yi<\/em> \u00dcmmet<\/em> gibi gazetelerin istihbarat\u0131ndan bir \u00e7\u0131karsama yaparsak, \u201cPiyelonefrit\u201d hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n: Kronik \u0130drar Yolu Enfeksiyonu, Ta\u015f Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Prostat \u0130rile\u015fmesi (hipertrofisi; d\u00f6nemin terimiyle: prostat\u0131n ifrat-\u0131 n\u00fcm\u00fcvvi illeti) sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir klinik tablo oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Prof. von Bergmann\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nerdi\u011fi ameliyat da mesane ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Genel anesteziden korkan Sultan ameliyat\u0131 kabul etmez. II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 konu alan kitapta buna benzer ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, tan\u0131 ve sa\u011falt\u0131m \u00e7evresindeki tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bulam\u0131yoruz. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019le benze\u015fen bir idrar yolu ta\u015f hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan karde\u015fi Mehmed Re\u015fad, padi\u015fah olduktan sonra, 1915\u2019te ba\u015fka bir Alman cerrah taraf\u0131ndan Dolmabah\u00e7e Saray\u0131\u2019nda ameliyat edilmi\u015ftir.
\nKitapta, II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle 10 A\u011fustos 1906 g\u00fcn\u00fc Cuma Selaml\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 not edilmi\u015ftir (s. 85). Padi\u015fah\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6ylentisinin yay\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olan ve Y\u0131ld\u0131z \u00e7evresinde bir pani\u011fe yol a\u00e7an bu olay \u00fczerinde ayr\u0131ca durulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tarih\u00e7i yazarlardan \u201dSelaml\u0131k krizi\u201d ve Payitahttaki siyasal yans\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 irdelemeleri beklenirdi.
\nAr\u015fivlerde II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ilgili izlem notlar\u0131 ve ate\u015f \u00e7izelgesi 2 Ekim 1906 sabah\u0131nda kesilmektedir. Halbuki Sultan\u0131n bir gece \u00f6nce 38.9 dereceye kadar \u00e7\u0131kan bir ate\u015fi olmu\u015ftur. Bundan \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce ise, (kitapta 19 Eyl\u00fcl olarak verilen tarih, 16 Eyl\u00fcl 1322\/29 Eyl\u00fcl 1906 olmal\u0131d\u0131r) II. Abd\u00fclhamid, \u201cg\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs tahtas\u0131n\u0131n (sternum) alt ucunun \u00fcst hizas\u0131na bir keyy (da\u011flama)\u201d yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (s. 120). Bu i\u015flemden kimsenin malumat\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtilmi\u015f olmas\u0131; ard\u0131ndan hastal\u0131\u011fa ait t\u0131bbi ve laboratuar kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n kesilmesi ilgin\u00e7 bir durumdur. Da\u011flama, Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in tedavisine \u015fifac\u0131-\u00fcf\u00fcr\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc taifesinin kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini akla getirmektedir. Sultana da\u011flamay\u0131 kim(ler) yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? Ayn\u0131 zamanda ila\u00e7larla tedavi terkedilmi\u015f midir? \u0130drar tahlillerine bir daha m\u00fcsaade-i hazret-i padi\u015fahi \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015f m\u0131d\u0131r? Sonu\u00e7ta, benzer sorular\u0131n hi\u00e7biri cevaplanamam\u0131\u015f; II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in 1906\u2019daki hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihtilatl\u0131, tedavisi ihtilafl\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dipnotlar
\n<\/strong>1) \u00d6mer Osman Umar, Turgay Murat, II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Tedavisi (1906)<\/em>, \u0130stanbul, \u0130deal K\u00fclt\u00fcr yay., 2020 (13.5×21 cm., 143 s., tablo, kaynak\u00e7a). ISBN 978-625-7059-05-3
\n2) Arend Bucholtz, Ernst von Bergmann<\/em>, Leipzig: F. C. W. Vogel, 1911, s. 541.
\n3) J\u00fcrgen Nitsche, \u201c<\/strong>Dr. Richard Bier (1865-1943). Ein deutsch-j\u00fcdischer Arzt im Dienste des Sultans Abdul Hamid II. Biographische Splitter einer einzigartigen Odyssee\u201d,<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Medizin und Judentum<\/em>, ed. Caris-Petra Heidel. Bd. 10, 2011, 95-116.<\/p>\n

II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Tedavisi (1906)<\/strong>, \u00d6mer Osman Umar, Turgay Murat, \u0130stanbul, \u0130deal K\u00fclt\u00fcr yay., 2020<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in 1906 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi \u201cmaraz-\u0131 \u015fahane\u201d ile ilgili raporlar t\u0131p tarihimizin kutsal emanetleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve \u0130ngilizce makale ve bildirilere konu olan bu belgeler II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Tedavisi (1906) adl\u0131 bir kitapta toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yeni yay\u0131n\u0131 Suriye ve Ortado\u011fu tarihi konular\u0131nda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f iki tarih\u00e7iye bor\u00e7luyuz.(1) Kitab\u0131n giri\u015finde T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam devletlerinde tababet, Birinci B\u00f6l\u00fcmde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1429,"featured_media":48540,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7264,38,513,510,511],"tags":[7289,7288,7287,210],"class_list":["post-48539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-202-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-kitapcil","category-surekli-bolumler","category-yayin-dunyasi","tag-dr-seref-etker","tag-ideal-kultur-yayinlari","tag-ii-abdulhamidin-hastaligi-ve-tedavisi-1906","tag-kitap"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t