{"id":4863,"date":"2016-03-07T09:30:02","date_gmt":"2016-03-07T07:30:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=4863"},"modified":"2016-03-07T09:30:02","modified_gmt":"2016-03-07T07:30:02","slug":"hucre-cekirdeginden-protein-tasinmasi-isikla-denetlenebiliyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2016\/03\/07\/hucre-cekirdeginden-protein-tasinmasi-isikla-denetlenebiliyor","title":{"rendered":"H\u00fccre \u00e7ekirde\u011finden protein ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131kla denetlenebiliyor"},"content":{"rendered":"

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G\u00f6rsel a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131: <\/strong>K\u00fclt\u00fcr i\u00e7indeki insan embriyonik b\u00f6brek h\u00fccrelerinin mikroskopik g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc. H\u00fccreler, yeni optogenetik ara\u00e7 olan LOV2-NES hibridi ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak, parlak bir protein \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in genetik olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. Lazer \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ile \u0131\u015f\u0131nland\u0131r\u0131lan h\u00fccreler (mavi oklar), proteinin \u00e7ekirdekten d\u0131\u015fa aktar\u0131m\u0131nda etki g\u00f6sterdi. I\u015f\u0131nland\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f h\u00fccreler (k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 oklar) proteinin \u00e7ekirdek lokalizasyonunu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

I\u015f\u0131k, geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa duyarl\u0131 bitki proteinlerin yard\u0131m\u0131yla h\u00fccre \u00e7ekirdeklerinden protein ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcnde kullan\u0131labilir. Heidelberg \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden biyologlar ve optogenetik alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Alman Kanser Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi (DKFZ) bir alet geli\u015ftirmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. Dr. Barbara Di Ventura ve Prof. Dr. Roland Eils y\u00f6netimindeki ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, sentetik biyolojik metotlar kullanarak yulaf bitkisinden bir ta\u015f\u0131ma sinyaliyle bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k sens\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc birle\u015ftirdiler. Bu sayede memeli hayvanlarda harici \u0131\u015f\u0131k uygulayarak konumun ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak protein aktivitesinin kontrol\u00fc m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sonucu Nature Communications<\/em> dergisinde yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Heidelberg \u00dcniversitesi BioQuant Merkezi Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc ve DKFZ ve Ruperto Carola Biyoinformatik B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. Eils, \u201cH\u00fccre \u00e7ekirde\u011fi (karyoplazma) ve geri kalan k\u0131s\u0131m (protoplazma) aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6karyotik h\u00fccrelerde karakteristiktir. Bu ayr\u0131\u015fma genetik bilginin okunma ve kopyalanma mekanizmalar\u0131, protein sentezi ve enerji \u00fcretimi gibi di\u011fer h\u00fccresel s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin neden oldu\u011fu bozulmalardan korur\u201d diye a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Proteinler ve di\u011fer makromolek\u00fcller \u00e7ekirdek por komplekslerinden ge\u00e7erek biyolojik s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin kontrol\u00fc i\u00e7in h\u00fccre \u00e7ekirde\u011finden d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck proteinler \u00e7ekirdek porlardan pasif olarak kolayca dif\u00fcze edilirken, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck par\u00e7ac\u0131klar \u201cs\u00f6zde ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 proteinler\u201d ile bir gezintiye \u00e7\u0131kacaklard\u0131r. Genellikle protein y\u00fczeyindeki k\u0131sa sinyal peptitleri protein ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in haz\u0131r olunca ta\u015f\u0131ma g\u00f6revini yerine getirir. Bu sinyal h\u00fccre i\u00e7ine ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u00e7in \u00e7ekirdek lokalizasyon sinyali (NLS) ve h\u00fccre d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u00e7in ise \u00e7ekirdek sekans d\u0131\u015fa aktar\u0131m\u0131 (NES) olarak bilinir. Prof. Eils\u2019in b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden grup lideri Dr. Di Ventura, se\u00e7ilmi\u015f protinlerin i\u00e7e aktar\u0131m\u0131 veya d\u0131\u015fa aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n tetiklenmesiyle, ya\u015fayan h\u00fccrelerdeki etkinli\u011finin denetlenmesini sa\u011flayabileceklerini belirtiyor.<\/p>\n

Di Ventura\u2019n\u0131n laboratuvar\u0131 sentetik biyolojiyle ili\u015fkili bu yeni alanda, ya\u015fayan h\u00fccrelerde \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n fonksiyonel olarak a\u00e7\u0131k veya kapal\u0131 olmas\u0131na g\u00f6re optik ve genetik metotlar\u0131 birle\u015ftiren optogenetikte uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f. B\u00f6ylece \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa duyarl\u0131 proteinler genetik olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve sonra \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 kullanarak spesifik hedef h\u00fccrenin denetimini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hen\u00fcz yay\u0131mlanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, ge\u00e7mi\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara da dayal\u0131 olarak, di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rma gruplar\u0131n\u0131n aslen yulaf bitkisinden gelen LOV2 etki alan\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffiyle de bir optogenetik d\u0131\u015fa aktar\u0131m sistemi \u00f6neriyor. Bu etki alan\u0131, do\u011fada \u2013di\u011fer etmenlerle birlikte- bitkinin g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ba\u015fyazarlar\u0131ndan Dominik Niopek: \u201cLOV2 etki alan\u0131, esasen mavi \u0131\u015f\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir\u201d diye belirtiyor. I\u015f\u0131k ile ind\u00fcklenmi\u015f yap\u0131n\u0131n, n\u00fckleer d\u0131\u015f aktar\u0131m sinyali (NES) gibi, h\u00fccresel sinyal sekanslar\u0131 da sentetik olarak art\u0131k denetim alt\u0131na al\u0131nabilir. Dominik Niopek, \u00f6nce yulaf\u0131n LOV2 etki alan\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bir sentetik n\u00fckleer d\u0131\u015fa aktar\u0131m sinyalinden olu\u015fan bir hibrid geli\u015ftirdi. Karanl\u0131k durumda, sinyal LOV2 etki alan\u0131 saklan\u0131r ve h\u00fccrede g\u00f6zlenmez. I\u015f\u0131k, NES\u2019i i\u015flevsel k\u0131l\u0131p LOV2 etki alan\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir ve h\u00fccreden d\u0131\u015fa aktar\u0131m\u0131 tetikler.<\/p>\n

Prof. Eils, \u201cPrensip olarak LOV2-NES hibrid proteini herhangi bir h\u00fccresel proteine eklemlenebilir ve \u0131\u015f\u0131k kullan\u0131larak \u00e7ekirdekten d\u0131\u015fa aktar\u0131m\u0131 kontrol edilebilir\u201d diye belirtiyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar h\u00fccre b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi esnas\u0131nda genetik deformasyonlar\u0131 \u00f6nleyen ve kanser bask\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 gen ailesinin \u00fcyesi p53 proteinini kullanarak bulgular\u0131n\u0131 ispat etmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Roland Eils\u2019e g\u00f6re, t\u00fcm\u00f6r h\u00fccrelerinin kontrols\u00fcz bi\u00e7imde \u00fcremesine sebep olan zararl\u0131 genetik mutasyonlar esnas\u0131nda p53 proteini inaktif durumdad\u0131r. LOV2-NES protein kompleksini kullanan Heidelberg ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131, gen d\u00fczenleyici fonksiyonlar\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in, \u0131\u015f\u0131k kullanarak, p53 proteininin \u00e7ekirdekten d\u0131\u015fa aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 denetim alt\u0131na almay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar. Bu yeni yetenek do\u011frudan, ya\u015fayan memeli h\u00fccresinde p53 proteininin geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 potansiyel fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131nda rol oynayabilir.<\/p>\n

Dr. Di Ventura, \u201cKanser geli\u015fiminde p53 proteinindeki olas\u0131 bozulmalar\u0131n rol\u00fcn\u00fc yeni bulgularla a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 umuyoruz. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bu yeni optogenetik arac\u0131n, h\u00fccre davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisinin ve protein d\u0131\u015fa aktar\u0131m\u0131 dinamiklerinin ke\u015ffinde kullan\u0131labilece\u011fine inanm\u0131\u015f vaziyetteler\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n

Prof. Eils, \u201cBizim ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z geli\u015ftirdi\u011fimiz ara\u00e7 kadar iyi. \u0130novatif molek\u00fcler ara\u00e7lar\u0131n geli\u015fimi temel h\u00fccresel fonksiyonlar\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda, hastal\u0131k mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffi kadar \u00f6nemli rol oynamaktad\u0131r\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Semih \u0130\u015fba\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Biyolog<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kaynak:<\/strong><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2016\/02\/160215123751.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

Orijinal metin:<\/strong> http:\/\/www.nature.com\/ncomms\/2016\/160208\/ncomms10624\/full\/ncomms10624.html<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  G\u00f6rsel a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131: K\u00fclt\u00fcr i\u00e7indeki insan embriyonik b\u00f6brek h\u00fccrelerinin mikroskopik g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc. H\u00fccreler, yeni optogenetik ara\u00e7 olan LOV2-NES hibridi ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak, parlak bir protein \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in genetik olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. Lazer \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ile \u0131\u015f\u0131nland\u0131r\u0131lan h\u00fccreler (mavi oklar), proteinin \u00e7ekirdekten d\u0131\u015fa aktar\u0131m\u0131nda etki g\u00f6sterdi. I\u015f\u0131nland\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f h\u00fccreler (k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 oklar) proteinin \u00e7ekirdek lokalizasyonunu g\u00f6steriyor.   I\u015f\u0131k, geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4864,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,21,26,22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4863","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","category-biyoloji","category-fizik","category-kimya"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t