{"id":48926,"date":"2021-03-02T00:00:49","date_gmt":"2021-03-01T21:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=48926"},"modified":"2021-03-11T13:01:26","modified_gmt":"2021-03-11T10:01:26","slug":"nukleer-reaktor-kazasindan-10-yil-sonra-fukusimada-durum-ve-alinabilecek-dersler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2021\/03\/02\/nukleer-reaktor-kazasindan-10-yil-sonra-fukusimada-durum-ve-alinabilecek-dersler","title":{"rendered":"N\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r kazas\u0131ndan 10 y\u0131l sonra Fuku\u015fima\u2019da durum ve al\u0131nabilecek dersler"},"content":{"rendered":"

Japonya\u2019da 11 Mart 2011\u2019de \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc felaket ya\u015fand\u0131: B\u00fcy\u00fck deprem (9,1 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ilk kez), tsunami ve Fuku\u015fima N\u00fckleer Santral\u0131 kazas\u0131. Kazan\u0131n 10. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde olay\u0131 yeniden an\u0131msatmak, on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde hangi geli\u015fmelerin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zetlemek ve bu b\u00fcy\u00fck felaketten hangi derslerin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek istedik. <\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>11 Mart 2011 g\u00fcn\u00fc Japon\u2019ya Fuku\u015fima n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rlerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan kara y\u0131k\u0131m (felaket) \u00c7ernobil kazas\u0131ndan sonra ya\u015fanan en b\u00fcy\u00fck n\u00fckleer kaza olarak tarihe ge\u00e7ti. Her ne kadar kazada do\u011frudan kimse \u00f6lmedi ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 radyasyon dozu almad\u0131ysa da \u00e7evreye yay\u0131lan radyoaktif maddelerle hava, su, toprak ve binalar kirlenmi\u015f, insanlar yerle\u015fim yerlerinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, topra\u011f\u0131n \u00fcst d\u00fczeyinin kaz\u0131n\u0131p ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131, evlerin y\u0131kanmas\u0131, temizlenmesi uzun y\u0131llar alm\u0131\u015f, insanlar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc evlerine, yurtlar\u0131na d\u00f6nemedi\u011finden depresyona girmi\u015f ve medya haberlerine g\u00f6re bu nedenle \u00f6l\u00fcmler, intiharlar olmu\u015ftur. Bug\u00fcn de 4000 i\u015f\u00e7iyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan Fuku\u015fima n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rlerinde ergiyen uranyum yak\u0131t\u0131n, malzemelerin, sular\u0131n ve \u00e7evrenin temizlenmesinin daha 40-50 y\u0131l s\u00fcrece\u011fi ve bunlarla ilgili giderin 100 milyar usd\u2019yi bulaca\u011f\u0131 kestiriliyor.
\nFuku\u015fima kazas\u0131n\u0131n 10. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc nedeniyle, kazan\u0131n olu\u015fu, \u00f6nemi ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc durumla ilgili, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada bilimsel, teknik ve pop\u00fcler yay\u0131nlar yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Dergimiz de a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yaz\u0131yla, Fuku\u015fima kazas\u0131n\u0131n 4. ve 5. y\u0131llar\u0131nda yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yaz\u0131lar\u01318,10<\/sup> g\u00fcncelleyerek, okuyucular\u0131m\u0131za bug\u00fcnk\u00fc durumu yans\u0131tmay\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yor. \u0130lgilenenler, Kaynak\u00e7a\u2019daki di\u011fer yay\u0131nlara da bakabilirler. <\/em><\/p>\n

Kaza nas\u0131l oldu?
\n<\/strong>Japonya\u2019da 11 Mart 2011 g\u00fcn\u00fc 9,1 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki \u015fiddetli depremle elektrik direklerinin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 ve hatlar\u0131n kopmas\u0131yla Fuku\u015fima n\u00fckleer santral\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zel durumlarda d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan besleyen elektri\u011fin kesildi\u011fini, depremin ard\u0131ndan olu\u015fan dev tsunami dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n zemin alt\u0131ndaki ivedi elektrik \u00fcrete\u00e7lerini de sular alt\u0131nda b\u0131rakarak, santral\u0131n elektriksiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz. Reakt\u00f6rler, deprem sinyalini al\u0131r almaz planland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi otomatik olarak durdurulmu\u015f, b\u00fcy\u00fck deprem sonucu binalarda herhangi \u00f6nemli bir hasar olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Durdurulan reakt\u00f6rlerdeki n\u00fckleer yak\u0131t\u0131n i\u00e7indeki \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli radyoaktif maddelerin yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve y\u0131llarca da yay\u0131nlayaca\u011f\u0131 radyasyonun olu\u015fturdu\u011fu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131 enerjisi, elektriksiz kalan pompalar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamamas\u0131 nedeniyle, so\u011futma suyuna aktar\u0131lamam\u0131\u015f ve yak\u0131t elemanlar\u0131nda ergime olu\u015farak b\u00fcy\u00fck kaza ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nAyr\u0131ca koruyucu reakt\u00f6r kab\u0131nda (containment) hidrojen gaz\u0131 patlamalar\u0131 da ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, bunlardan do\u011fan y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7la duvarlarda \u00e7atlaklar olu\u015fmu\u015f, reakt\u00f6r binas\u0131n\u0131n havas\u0131ndaki radyoaktif maddeler \u00e7evredeki havaya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Radyoaktif maddeler, hava ak\u0131mlar\u0131yla \u00e7ok uzaklara ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar ve kuru serpintilerle \u00f6zellikle yak\u0131nlardaki 10-20 km\u2019lik b\u00f6lgeyi radyoaktif bula\u015fmayla etkilemi\u015f, yerle\u015fim yerleri bo\u015falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, insanlar y\u0131llarca yerlerinden, yurtlar\u0131ndan uzaklarda ya\u015famak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\n\u00d6zetle, Japonya\u2019da 11 Mart 2011\u2019de \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc karay\u0131k\u0131m (felaket) ya\u015fand\u0131:
\n1) B\u00fcy\u00fck deprem (9,1 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ilk kez), 2) Tsunami ve 3) Fuku\u015fima N\u00fckleer Santral\u0131 kazas\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Reakt\u00f6r bloklar\u0131nda 11 Mart 2011 deprem ve tsunami sonras\u0131 reakt\u00f6r kazas\u0131ndaki durum g\u00f6steriliyor. 1, 2 ve 3 nolu reakt\u00f6rler kazadan \u00f6nce \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayd\u0131lar.. Bu 3 reakt\u00f6rde su pompalar\u0131, santalda elektrik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131, n\u00fckleer yak\u0131t so\u011futulamad\u0131 ve yak\u0131t maddesi ergidi. 4, 5 ve 6 nolu reakt\u00f6rler ise depremden \u00f6nce bak\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 nedeniyle durdurulmu\u015flard\u0131..Reakt\u00f6rlerin so\u011futma suyu, denizden al\u0131n\u0131yordu.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Reakt\u00f6rlerin ge\u00e7mi\u015fine bak\u0131\u015f
\n<\/strong>1970\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n, General Electric, Fuku\u015fima n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rleri zaten ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan beri sorunluydu. Reakt\u00f6rleri TEPCO \u015firketi i\u015fletiyordu. Reakt\u00f6rlerin t\u00fcm\u00fc kaynamal\u0131 sulu cinsten reakt\u00f6rlerdi. \u0130lk 4\u2019\u00fc 760 MWe (elektriksel) g\u00fc\u00e7teydi. Son 2 reakt\u00f6r 1067 ve 1325 MWe g\u00fcc\u00fcndeydiler.
\nFuku\u015fima reakt\u00f6rlerindeki, reakt\u00f6r binas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen \u2018Koruyucu Kab\u0131n\u2019 (Containment), b\u00fcy\u00fck bir reakt\u00f6r kazas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak y\u00fcksek bas\u0131nca dayanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 daha 1970\u2019de ABD Atom Enerjisi Kurumu uzmanlar\u0131 bir teknik raporla a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ve bu Containment\u2019\u0131n bu \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini bildirmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme sistemi yap\u0131lmadan Containment yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve reakt\u00f6rler i\u015fletmeye a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. General Electric, o y\u0131llarda kurdu\u011fu reakt\u00f6rlerle birlikte bu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yapsayd\u0131, bunun hem pahal\u0131ya mal olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hem de g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm (image) yitirece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olmal\u0131yd\u0131.
\nKiler kat\u0131ndaki ivedi elektrik \u00fcrete\u00e7lerinin de sular alt\u0131nda kalabilece\u011fi, uzmanlarca bir\u00e7ok kez a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bunlar \u00fcst katlara, hem yer sorunu oldu\u011fundan hem de ek gider olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131nmad\u0131lar.
\n2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda TEPCO elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n, 16 y\u0131l boyunca, teknik raporlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirerek sistemlerdeki ar\u0131za ve kazalar\u0131 gizledikleri, d\u00fczmece raporlar haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca reakt\u00f6rler durduruldu, ancak 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda baz\u0131 d\u00fczeltmelerden sonra tekrar i\u015fletildi.
\nKazadan 10 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce ise \u00e7e\u015fitli aletlerin, pompalar\u0131n ve dizelli elektrik \u00fcrete\u00e7lerinin 11 y\u0131ld\u0131r bak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n tam yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ama bunlar ciddiye al\u0131nmad\u0131.
\nK\u0131sacas\u0131: Kaza geliyorum diyordu.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 birimler
\n<\/strong>Becquerel: <\/strong>Radyoaktivite birimi: 1 Bq: Saniyede 1 atom \u00e7ekirde\u011fi bozunumu olup \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr.
\nSievert(Sv): <\/strong>Radyasyon doz birimi olup 1 Sv= 1Joule\/kg (Gama ve Beta \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 i\u00e7in Gray birimiyle ayn\u0131d\u0131r). Asl\u0131nda 1 Sievert\u2019lik doz, g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famda \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir doz olmakla birlikte, h\u00fccrelere enerji aktar\u0131m\u0131nda ise \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi oldu\u011fundan\u00a0bunun binde biri olan miliSv (mSv) kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin 1 y\u0131lda v\u00fccudumuzun ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fal radyasyon dozu ortalama olarak ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 2,4 mSv\u2019dir.9<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Fuku\u015fima santral\u0131, kazadan 10 y\u0131l sonra bug\u00fcn ne durumda?
\n<\/strong>Radyoaktif maddelerden temizleme, y\u0131kama, barikat kurma, binalar\u0131 kaps\u00fclleme ve reakt\u00f6rleri so\u011futma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.
\nKazadan 10 y\u0131l sonra, bug\u00fcn de, Fuku\u015fima santral alan\u0131nda g\u00fcnde 4000 ki\u015fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Santral\u0131 i\u015fleten TEPCO \u015firketi n\u00fckleer santral\u0131n ilk 3 reakt\u00f6r blokunun yak\u0131t elemanlar\u0131 bekletme havuzlar\u0131ndaki yak\u0131t elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karabilmek i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131klar yap\u0131yor. Ayr\u0131ca, \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek radyasyon dozu nedeniyle i\u00e7ine girilemeyen reakt\u00f6r binalar\u0131nda uzaktan komutlu robotlar ve kameralarla reak\u00f6r kab\u0131n\u0131n (containment), binan\u0131n i\u00e7inin ne durumda oldu\u011fu, ergimi\u015f n\u00fckleer yak\u0131t maddesinin bina i\u00e7inde nerelerde ne miktarda da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Kameralar y\u00fcksek radyasyon dozu nedeniyle bir ka\u00e7 saatte bozuldu\u011fundan\/ergidi\u011finden s\u0131k s\u0131k de\u011fi\u015ftirilmeleri gerekiyor. Bu bilgiler elde edildikten sonra ergimi\u015f n\u00fckleer yak\u0131t maddesinin nas\u0131l d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131laca\u011f\u0131yla ilgili uzaktan komutlu ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7lerin projelendirilip i\u015fe nas\u0131l giri\u015filece\u011finin iyice planlanmas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin fazla radyasyon dozu almamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekiyor. Temmuz 2017\u2019de robot kameralarla 3. reakt\u00f6r blokunun i\u00e7inden ilk resimler al\u0131narak yak\u0131t maddesinin sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Benzer g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler 2. blokta Ocak 2018\u2019de al\u0131nd\u0131.
\nTEPCO, reakt\u00f6r binalar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 durumunu daha iyi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleyebilmek i\u00e7in myonentomografi denilen yeni bir teknik deneyerek bir \u00e7e\u015fit taramayla (scanning) r\u00f6ntgen benzeri filmler de \u00e7ekiyor. B\u00f6ylelikle ergiyen yak\u0131t maddesinin reakt\u00f6r binas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u0131\u015far\u0131 s\u0131z\u0131p s\u0131zmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgileri elde ediliyor.
\nBu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ve hesaplar sonunda Tepco, 1. blok reakt\u00f6r kab\u0131nda (Reactor Vessel, kazan\u0131nda) pek yak\u0131t maddesi kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yak\u0131t maddesinin reakt\u00f6r binas\u0131 koruyucu kab\u0131 i\u00e7ine (containment\u2019a) da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. 2. reakt\u00f6r blo\u011funda ise n\u00fckleer yak\u0131t maddesinin daha \u00e7ok reakt\u00f6r kazan\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, 3 nolu blokta ise yak\u0131t maddesinin bir miktar\u0131n\u0131n reakt\u00f6r kazan\u0131nda, bir miktar\u0131n\u0131n da containment\u2019a da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hesaplan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Kazan\u0131n \u00e7evre halk\u0131na etkisi nas\u0131l oldu?
\n<\/strong>Yakla\u015f\u0131k 400.000 ki\u015fi evlerinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bunlardan 130.000\u2019i n\u00fckleer santral\u0131n 20 km \u00e7evresinden geliyor (Ev ve bah\u00e7elerine radyoaktif Sezum 137 bula\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu). Radyoaktif sezyumun epey temizlendi\u011fi yerlerde tekrar yerle\u015fim yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Ancak bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi, \u201cfazla radyasyonlu b\u00f6lge\u201d olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri eski oturduklar\u0131 yerlere, yetkililerin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na pek g\u00fcvenemediklerinden, tekrar d\u00f6nmeye \u00e7ekiniyor.
\nToplam 1 milyon kadar ev oturulamaz durumda. Deprem ve tsunami sonucu 16.000 ki\u015fi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi, 3200 ki\u015fi de kay\u0131p.
\nSantral\u0131n10-20 km \u00e7evresi kazadan hemen sonra bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, \u00c7ernobil\u2019deki durumun aksine insanlar gereksiz yere radyasyon dozu almad\u0131lar. \u00c7ernobil\u2019de ise kaza gizlendi\u011finden, ilk 3 g\u00fcnde y\u00fcksek iyot 131 dozu nedeniyle, daha sonraki y\u0131llarda \u00e7ocuklarda tiroit kanseri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.
\nTEPCO \u015firketi, 1. ve 2. reakt\u00f6r bloklar\u0131ndaki n\u00fckleer yak\u0131t elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lma i\u015flerine ise ancak 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flanabilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. Reakt\u00f6r binalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f duvarlar\u0131 zaten daha \u00f6nce mantolanm\u0131\u015f durumda ve metal \u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc a\u011flarla kapl\u0131. Kaza ge\u00e7irmeyen 4. reakt\u00f6r blokundaki yak\u0131t elemanlar\u0131 2014\u2019de ara depoya aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Corium
\n<\/strong>N\u00fckleer yak\u0131t ergimesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan malzemeler \u015funlar: n\u00fckleer yak\u0131t maddesi, ergimi\u015f yak\u0131t elemanlar\u0131, di\u011fer metaller, radyoaktivitenin i\u00e7ine i\u015fledi\u011fi beton duvarlar ve reakt\u00f6r taban\u0131 (T\u00fcm bunlardan olu\u015fan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131ma Corium deniyor). Bu malzemeler suyla so\u011futuluyor. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc bilgilere g\u00f6re Corium\u2019un herhangi bir n\u00fckleer reaksiyon olu\u015fturmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fil. Corium\u2019un \u00f6zellikle n\u00fckleer yak\u0131t\u0131n 1-3 reakt\u00f6r binalar\u0131ndan d\u0131\u015far\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilece\u011fiyle ilgili \u00e7e\u015fitli yol ve y\u00f6ntemler \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Binalara su verilmesi ve sular alt\u0131nda Corium\u2019un \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.
\nBug\u00fcnk\u00fc bilgilere g\u00f6re 1-3 nolu reakt\u00f6rlerin yak\u0131t elemanlar\u0131 ergimi\u015f olup, s\u0131v\u0131 reakt\u00f6r binalar\u0131 i\u00e7lerine akm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Robotlarla binalarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ve radyoaktif maddeler emiliyor ya da al\u0131narak g\u00fcvenli bidonlarda,\u00f6zel tanklarda d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

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Haritada, Fuku\u015fima reakt\u00f6rler\u0131 \u00e7evresinde bo\u015falt\u0131lan (Existing Evacuation Area: Mevcut bo\u015falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f alan), Haz\u0131rlanan (Evacuation Prepared Area) ve planlanan bo\u015falt\u0131lma alanlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Reakt\u00f6r binalar\u0131nda s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve radyasyon doz h\u0131z\u0131 ne kadar?
\n<\/strong>Reakt\u00f6r binalar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki durum \u00f6nceki y\u0131llardaki gibi olup g\u00fcvenlik k\u0131l\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7inde tabanda s\u0131cakl\u0131k 20-30 derece C aras\u0131nda. Santral alan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f duvar\u0131 yak\u0131n\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen yerel doz h\u0131zlar\u0131 0,4 ile 1,5 mikroSv\/h aras\u0131nda. Bu de\u011ferler do\u011fal radyasyon doz h\u0131zlar\u0131ndan 3 ile 10 kat daha fazla. Santraldan 5, 10 ve 20 km uzakl\u0131ktaki deniz suyunda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen radyoaktivite deri\u015fimi Cs 134 ve Sr 90 i\u00e7in, WHO\u2019nun verdi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferlerin \u00e7ok alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. 10.000 km2<\/sup> kadar yerle\u015fim yeri genellikle toprak kaz\u0131narak \u00f6zellikle Cs 137\u2019den temizlendi. Ta\u015f\u0131nan topra\u011f\u0131n 20 milyon m3<\/sup> kadar oldu\u011fu kestiriliyor.<\/p>\n

Radyoaktiviteyle bula\u015fm\u0131\u015f sular\u0131n bir miktar temizlenip depolanmas\u0131
\n<\/strong>Reakt\u00f6r binalar\u0131na g\u00fcnde 100 ile 500 m3 <\/sup>aras\u0131nda yeralt\u0131 ve ya\u011fmur suyu giriyor. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Fuku\u015fima santral alan\u0131nda g\u00fcnde 50-100 m3<\/sup> aras\u0131nda radyoaktif maddelerle bula\u015fm\u0131\u015f (radyoaktivitesi epey y\u00fcksek) suyun temizlenip depolanmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Bug\u00fcne kadar depolanan su miktar\u0131 1 milyon m3<\/sup> kadar olup bundan 10.000 m3<\/sup> \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek radyoaktif maddeli (Bu su tanklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczlerindeki radyasyon doz h\u0131z\u0131 epey y\u00fcksek: 200-300 mSv\/h dolay\u0131da). Santral alan\u0131nda 1000 kadar su deposu var ve alan 2021\u2019de dolacak. Sonra biriken depolar\u0131n nereye konaca\u011f\u0131 hen\u00fcz belli de\u011fil (2018 verileri).
\nYeralt\u0131 suyunun reakt\u00f6r binalar\u0131na girmemesi (duruma g\u00f6re kontroll\u00fc girmesi) i\u00e7in, 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda binalar, toprak alt\u0131ndan \u00e7epe \u00e7evre so\u011futmal\u0131 koruma duvar\u0131yla \u00e7evrildi. \u2018Buz duvar\u0131\u2019 denilen duvar so\u011futularak yeralt\u0131 suyunun donarak binaya girmesi \u00f6nleniyor. \u0130\u00e7eride g\u00fcnde 140 ton kadar yeni radyoaktif maddelerle bula\u015fm\u0131\u015f sular\u0131n olu\u015fmamas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc ama \u015fimdiye kadar ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir sonu\u00e7 al\u0131namad\u0131. Bu duvar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ve so\u011futulmas\u0131n\u0131n gideri epey y\u00fcksek. Duvar\u0131n yap\u0131m giderlerinden ba\u015fka, duvar\u0131n so\u011futulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken elektrik 15 bin n\u00fcfuslu bir yerle\u015fim yerinin kullanabilece\u011fi elektrik enerjisi miktar\u0131 kadar fazla (44 milyon kWh).
\nTEPCO binalardaki su d\u00fczeyini, yeralt\u0131 suyu d\u00fczeyinin biraz alt\u0131nda tutarak, binalara su girmesini sa\u011f\u0131yor ve b\u00f6ylelikle binalardaki radyoaktiviteli sular\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya s\u0131zmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nl\u00fcyor. Bug\u00fcn 1000-1200 b\u00fcy\u00fck su bidonunda yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 milyon m3<\/sup> radyoaktiviteli su depolarda bekliyor. Bunlardan \u00e7o\u011fundaki kirli sulardaki radyoaktif maddeler trityum d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, daha \u00f6nce filtre sisteminden ge\u00e7iriliyor. \u00d6zellikle iyot, sezyum ve stronsyum filtre ediliyor. Depolanan kirli sular\u0131n % 70\u2019den fazlas\u0131 \u00e7evreye verilebilecek s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferleri a\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda. Bunlar\u0131n tekrar filtre edilmesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Gitgide artan kirli su miktar\u0131n\u0131 depolayabilmek i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 milyon m3<\/sup>\u2019l\u00fck depo gerekiyor. S\u0131v\u0131 ve kat\u0131 at\u0131k depolar\u0131yla, tanklar\u0131yla santral alan\u0131 (\u015fekildeki gibi) dolmu\u015f durumda.
\nReakt\u00f6rlerin \u00e7evresindeki alan ancak 30-40 y\u0131lda temizlenebilecek ve bunun 100 milyar dolar\u0131 ge\u00e7ece\u011fi kestiriliyor.<\/p>\n

Temizlendikten sonra denize verilen at\u0131k sular
\n<\/strong>Denize kontroll\u00fc olarak ak\u0131t\u0131lan filtre edilmi\u015f kirli sulardaki radyoaktivite s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, IAEA ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yap\u0131larak, bunlar belirleniyor.
\nFuku\u015fima santral\u0131nda depolanan sulardaki radyoaktif maddeler, trityum d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda temizleniyor. Trityumlu sular\u0131n okyanusa verilip verilemeyece\u011fi ise ilgili bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, yetkili kurumlarca ve TEPCO uzmanlar\u0131yla birlikte g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Temizlenerek s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferlerin alt\u0131na inen sular\u0131n depolardan denize verilmesini bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin sonunda kabul ettikleri medyada yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Hangi radyoaktif maddeler \u00e7evreye ula\u015ft\u0131 ve halkta radyasyon dozu olu\u015fturdu?
\n<\/strong>Fuku\u015fima b\u00f6lgesinde \u00e7evrede etkili olan en \u00f6nemli radyoizotoplar: Cs 134 ve Cs 137 olmu\u015flard\u0131r.
\n1) Radyasyon dozunun olu\u015fmas\u0131na en b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 v\u00fccudun d\u0131\u015ftan \u0131\u015f\u0131nlanmas\u0131ndan gelmi\u015ftir (20 mSv\u2019den daha az, 2012 WHO de\u011ferleri: 1-10 mSv, 2 yerde 50 mSv kadar).
\n2) V\u00fccudun i\u00e7ten \u0131\u015f\u0131nlanmas\u0131, s\u0131k\u0131 besin kontrolleri nedeniyle \u00f6nemsiz kald\u0131 (besinlerde yap\u0131lmakta olan radyoaktivite \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri ve kontroller uzun s\u00fcre devam edecek).
\n3) Japonya\u2019n\u0131n her yerinde Fuku\u015fima kaynakl\u0131 radyoizotoplar \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de Fuku\u015fima b\u00f6lgesi en \u00e7ok etkilenen b\u00f6lge oldu.
\nUluslararas\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar (WHO, UNSCEAR) ve santral alan\u0131n\u0131n temizlenmesi, reakt\u00f6rlerin so\u011futulmas\u0131, reakt\u00f6rlerin \u00e7evresine set \u00e7ekilmesi, havaland\u0131rma, filtreleme ve yak\u0131n \u00e7evrede koruyucu \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmas\u0131 gibi daha bir dizi \u00f6nlem, onar\u0131m, bak\u0131m ve ar\u0131nd\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 radyoaktivitenin daha fazla yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemekte olup bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar daha 30-40 y\u0131l s\u00fcrecektir. Reakt\u00f6rlerin 6\u2019s\u0131 da ileride de \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r.1-13<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u00c7evrede ya\u015fayanlar fazla radyasyon dozu ald\u0131lar m\u0131?
\n<\/strong>D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (WHO) bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na g\u00f6re, Fuku\u015fima b\u00f6lgesinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki yerle\u015fim yerlerinde ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n, Fuku\u015fima kazas\u0131 sonucu alabilecekleri ek y\u0131ll\u0131k doz 0,1 ile 10 mSv, Japonya\u2019n\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinde ek y\u0131ll\u0131k doz 0,1 ile 1 mSv aras\u0131nda ve t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya i\u00e7in ise ek y\u0131ll\u0131k dozun 0,01 mSv\u2019in alt\u0131nda kalaca\u011f\u0131 hesaplan\u0131yor.12
\n<\/sup>Fuku\u015fima kazas\u0131n\u0131n radyoaktif iyot (Iyot 131) ile en \u00e7ok etkiledi\u011fi b\u00f6lgelerde hesaplanan y\u0131ll\u0131k tiroid dozu 10 ile 100 mSv aras\u0131nda bekleniyor. Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in: k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in \u00c7ernobil\u2019de tiroid doz de\u011feri 300 ile 1400 mSv idi ve orada bir\u00e7ok \u00e7ocuk tiroid kanserine yakaland\u0131.
\nBu de\u011ferlerden de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi Fuku\u015fima kazas\u0131ndan hemen sonra b\u00f6lgenin bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu fazla radyasyon dozu alan olmad\u0131.
\nFuku\u015fima\u2019da radyasyon sonucu do\u011frudan kimse \u00f6lmedi. Ancak evlerinden uzakla\u015fmak zorunda kalan baz\u0131 ki\u015filerde depresyon ve travma nedeniyle \u00f6lenlerin 1000\u2019i a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, kan\u0131tlanamasa da medyada yer ald\u0131, al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

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Uluslararas\u0131 Atom Enerjisi Kurumu (IAEA)uzmanlar\u0131 Fuku\u015fima\u2019daki durumu g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7iriyorlar Sa\u011fda: Blok 3 reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn yak\u0131t elemanlar\u0131 havuzundan yak\u0131t elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131na Nisan 2019 ba\u015fland\u0131. Sol yukar\u0131da n\u00fckleer yak\u0131t elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu reakt\u00f6r kab\u0131 ve sa\u011f\u0131nda turuncu ve mavi renkte yak\u0131t elemanlar\u0131 bekletme havuzu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Fuku\u015fima personelinin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 radyasyon dozlar\u0131
\n<\/strong>Bug\u00fcne kadar elde edilen bilgilere dayanarak, Fuku\u015fima n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 15.000 kadar i\u015f\u00e7iden 111\u2019inin 100 miliSievert\u2019ten (mSv) daha \u00e7ok radyasyon dozu ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenmi\u015ftir. Bu doz, topluluk (kitle) \u0131\u015f\u0131nlamalar\u0131nda kanser riskini en \u00e7ok y\u00fczde 1 kadar art\u0131r\u0131yor. Kaza durumlar\u0131nda \u00e7evreyi ve halk\u0131 daha b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131mlara kar\u015f\u0131 koruma \u00f6nlemlerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla bir i\u015f\u00e7inin alabilece\u011fi doz s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 14 Mart 2011 g\u00fcn\u00fc 250 mSv de\u011ferine y\u00fckseltilmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcne kadar Fuku\u015fima\u2019da bu 250 mSv\u2019lik dozu sadece 6 radyasyon i\u015f\u00e7isi a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen radyasyon dozunu azaltmak amac\u0131yla i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken, bunlar\u0131n reakt\u00f6rlerin y\u00fcksek radyasyonlu yerlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcreleri k\u0131salt\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ani radyasyon \u0131\u015f\u0131nlamalar\u0131nda deride k\u0131zarma ancak 500 mSv\u2019den daha b\u00fcy\u00fck dozlarda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \u00d6nce kayboldu\u011fu bildirilen 2 i\u015f\u00e7i sonradan (2 Nisan 2011 g\u00fcn\u00fc) \u00f6l\u00fc olarak bulunmu\u015ftur. Ancak bu iki i\u015f\u00e7inin radyasyon dozu sonucu de\u011fil, su bask\u0131n\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u00c7evrenin radyoaktif maddelerle bula\u015fmas\u0131ndan ve buralarda yeti\u015fecek sebze, meyve ve bal\u0131klar\u0131n halka kontrollu ula\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu, bunlar\u0131n ancak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck radyoaktivitedeyse yenmesinden olu\u015facak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck d\u00fczeydeki ek radyasyon dozunun, ileride de genellikle halk\u0131n s\u00fcrekli etkilenmekte oldu\u011fu do\u011fal radyasyon dozlar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00fclkelerin s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferlerinin alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 bekleniyor. Buna ra\u011fmen yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Japonya\u2019da seyrek de olsa baz\u0131 besinlerde (\u00f6zellikle bal\u0131k ve mantarlarda) daha y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde radyoaktivite (\u00f6zellikle sezyum radyoaktivitesi) g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011finden besinlerde yap\u0131lmakta olan radyoaktivite \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri ve kontroller uzun s\u00fcre devam edecektir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7evredeki halk\u0131n kendi yerle\u015fim yerlerine geri d\u00f6nmeleri
\n<\/strong>Fuku\u015fima santral\u0131ndan 10-50 km uzakl\u0131ktaki yerle\u015fim yerlerine yava\u015f yava\u015f halk\u0131n geri d\u00f6nmesine izin veriliyor. Daha \u00f6nce belirtti\u011fimiz gibi evlerinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan insanlar i\u00e7inde bir\u00e7ok ki\u015finin depresyon ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi hatta intiharlar oldu\u011fu medyada yer al\u0131yor.
\nSantral alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan TEPCO ve di\u011fer personelin ald\u0131klar\u0131 radyasyon dozlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiyor ancak kontroll\u00fc oldu\u011fundan pek y\u00fcksek de\u011fil. Ayda 5-10 mSievert dozu a\u015fan personel say\u0131s\u0131 olduk\u00e7a az ve y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferlere ula\u015f\u0131lmadan personel de\u011fi\u015ftiriliyor.<\/p>\n

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Radyoaktiviteli sular\u0131n depoland\u0131\u011f\u0131 1000 kadar su deposu santral alan\u0131n\u0131 dolduruyor (2021 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar yer var. Daha sonra ne yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 hen\u00fcz belli de\u011fil).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Japonya\u2019da bug\u00fcn n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rler \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor mu?
\n<\/em><\/strong>Japon h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, \u00fclkedeki toplam 54 n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rden, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, 43 reakt\u00f6r\u00fc 11 Mart 2011 kazas\u0131ndan sonra durdurdu. Bug\u00fcn Japonya\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilecek durumda 33 n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r bulunuyor. Bunlar\u0131n net kapasitesi ya da kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fc 31,7 GWe. 2020\u2019den ba\u015fl\u0131yarak bug\u00fcn bunlardan 9 reakt\u00f6r \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. 17 adedi de onay bekliyor. 2019\u2019da n\u00fckleer enerji \u00fclken elektri\u011finin yakla\u015f\u0131k % 8\u2019ini kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131 (World Nuclear Association verileri).
\nN\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rlerin tekrar i\u015fletmeye a\u00e7\u0131lmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in Japonya\u2019da n\u00fckleer kar\u015f\u0131tlar giderek destek buluyorlar. Japonya\u2019 da bug\u00fcn yeni bir n\u00fckleer santral\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131 ise s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Ancak art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerinin yerine getirilebilmesi i\u00e7in yap\u0131m\u0131 gecikiyor.<\/p>\n

Fuku\u015fima kazas\u0131ndan al\u0131nabilecek dersler
\n<\/strong>Yeni bir n\u00fckleer santral projesi i\u00e7in, Fuku\u015fima kazas\u0131ndan al\u0131nabilecek derslerin ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek g\u00fcvenlikli bir n\u00fckleer santral\u0131n teknik \u00f6zellikleri \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetlenebilir:
\n1) Santral depreme daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olarak projelendirilip kurulmal\u0131 (\u00d6rne\u011fin \u00e7evrede en y\u00fcksek beklenen deprem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 7 ise, santral 8 i\u00e7in planlan\u0131p daha g\u00fcvenli yap\u0131lmal\u0131).
\n2) Santrala verilen elektri\u011fin kesilmesinde, ivedi (acil) dizel jenerat\u00f6rleri sorunsuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak \u015fekilde projelendirilmeli ve en uygun yerlerde konu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131.
\n3) Hidrojen gaz\u0131 patlamalar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyecek sistem kurulup, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak patlamalar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmamal\u0131.
\n4) N\u00fckleer yak\u0131t maddesinin ergimesi durumunda reakt\u00f6r kazan\u0131 d\u0131\u015ftan so\u011futularak \u00e7eli\u011fin yap\u0131s\u0131 (sertli\u011fi) bozulmadan, ergiyen yak\u0131t kazan i\u00e7inde kalmal\u0131.
\n5) \u00c7ok y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta reakt\u00f6r kazan\u0131n\u0131n delinmesi durumunda, kazan\u0131n alt\u0131nda yak\u0131t tutma \u00e7ana\u011f\u0131 bulunmal\u0131.
\n6) B\u00fcy\u00fck bir kaza durumu i\u00e7in santralda ivedi (acil) \u201cteknik komuta merkezi\u201d bulunmal\u0131, personel belirli aral\u0131klarda yap\u0131lan al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalarla e\u011fitilmeli, deneyim kazanmal\u0131,
\n7) Projede sim\u00fclat\u00f6r bulunmal\u0131, personel reakt\u00f6r ve yard\u0131mc\u0131 sistemlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda deneyim kazanmal\u0131.
\nFuku\u015fima kazas\u0131ndan elde edilen bu derslerin, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki n\u00fckleer santral projelerine aktar\u0131lmas\u0131, radyasyon g\u00fcvenli\u011fi en y\u00fcksek n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rler\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kurulabilmesine b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.7<\/sup><\/p>\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A
\n<\/strong>1) http:\/\/www.unscear.org\/unscear\/en\/fukushima.html
\n2) Uluslararas\u0131 Atom Enerjisi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 (IAEA)\u201a\u00a0Fukushima Status Report<\/em>, 10 Kas\u0131m 2011.
\n3) https:\/\/www.iaea.org\/newscenter\/news\/fukushima-nuclear-accident-update-log-51
\n4) Stohl, A. ve ark., \u201cAtoms. Chem. Phys. Discuss\u201d, 11, 28319\u201328394, 2011.
\n\u201c Xenon-133 and caesium-137 releases into the atmosphere from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant: determination of the source term, atmospheric dispersion and deposition.\u201d
\n5) Almanya Radyasyondan Korunma Kurulu\u2019nun (Bundesamt f\u00fcr Strahlenschutz) raporlar\u0131.
\n6) WHO Report, Feb. 2013; \u201cHealth risk assessment from the Fukushima nuclear accident\u201d, 2011.
\n7) \u00dclkemizde kurulacak n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rlerle ilgili radyasyon g\u00fcvenli\u011fi (FMO Teknik Raporu, Y. Atakan, 50 sayfa, www.fmo.org.tr)
\n8) Fuku\u015fima kazas\u0131n\u0131n 4. y\u0131l\u0131nda durum (Bilim ve Gelecek dergisi, Say\u0131 134, Nisan 2015)
\n9) Radyasyon ve Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kitab\u0131: https:\/\/www.nobelkitap.com\/kitap_113005_radyasyon-vesagligimiz.html (Nobel yay\u0131nlar\u0131 2014, Y.Atakan)
\n10) Fuku\u015fima kazas\u0131n\u0131n 5.y\u0131l\u0131nda durum (Bilim ve Gelecek dergisi, 2016 )
\n11) http:\/\/www.herkesebilimteknoloji.com\/haberler\/surdurulebilirlik\/fukusima-kazasindan-6-yil-sonra-bugun-neler-biliyoruz.
\n12) WHO on Fukushima doses – World Nuclear News (world-nuclear-news.org)
\n13) Fukushima Daiichi 11. M\u00e4rz 2011 – Unfallablauf, Radiologische Folgen (5., \u00fcberarbeitete Auflage) Internationale Atomenergie-Organisation (IAEO): The Fukushima Daiichi Accident
\nBundesamt f\u00fcr Strahlenschutz (BfS): Der Unfall in Fukushima<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Japonya\u2019da 11 Mart 2011\u2019de \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc felaket ya\u015fand\u0131: B\u00fcy\u00fck deprem (9,1 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ilk kez), tsunami ve Fuku\u015fima N\u00fckleer Santral\u0131 kazas\u0131. Kazan\u0131n 10. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde olay\u0131 yeniden an\u0131msatmak, on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde hangi geli\u015fmelerin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zetlemek ve bu b\u00fcy\u00fck felaketten hangi derslerin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek istedik. \u00a011 Mart 2011 g\u00fcn\u00fc Japon\u2019ya Fuku\u015fima n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rlerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan kara y\u0131k\u0131m (felaket) \u00c7ernobil […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":560,"featured_media":48931,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7354,38],"tags":[6045,742,1506],"class_list":["post-48926","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-203-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","tag-dr-yuksel-atakan","tag-fukusima","tag-nukleer-santral"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t