{"id":49397,"date":"2021-03-30T11:58:52","date_gmt":"2021-03-30T08:58:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=49397"},"modified":"2021-03-30T12:03:51","modified_gmt":"2021-03-30T09:03:51","slug":"dar-veri-kumelerinde-uzamsal-bagimliliklari-incelemek-icin-yeni-bir-yaklasim-gelistirildi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2021\/03\/30\/dar-veri-kumelerinde-uzamsal-bagimliliklari-incelemek-icin-yeni-bir-yaklasim-gelistirildi","title":{"rendered":"Dar veri k\u00fcmelerinde uzamsal ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 incelemek i\u00e7in yeni bir yakla\u015f\u0131m geli\u015ftirildi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7ler, COVID-19\u2019un yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, tar\u0131m alan\u0131ndaki yeni e\u011filimler ve kom\u015fu b\u00f6lgelerdeki sosyoekonomik sorunlar; t\u00fcm bunlar verilere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Kullan\u0131lan modeller karma\u015f\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a bu gibi belli bir uzama -bir \u00fclkeye, b\u00f6lgeye veya d\u00fcnyaya- yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olgular\u0131n analizi i\u00e7in gereken veri miktar\u0131 da artar. Fakat genelde ya g\u00fcvenilir verilere eri\u015fmek zor ve pahal\u0131d\u0131r, ya da s\u00f6z konusu veriler do\u011fru tahminler yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayamayacak kadar azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

New York \u00dcniversitesi Tandon M\u00fchendislik Fak\u00fcltesi’nde makine ve uzay, biyomedikal ve in\u015faat ve kent m\u00fchendisli\u011fi profes\u00f6r\u00fc olan, \u015eehircilik ve \u0130lerleme Merkezi \u00fcyesi Maurizio Porfiri, normalde zaman serileri i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan matematiksel teknikleri uzamsal s\u00fcre\u00e7lere uygulayarak \u201caz\u201d verinin \u00e7okmu\u015f gibi davranmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan, a\u011f ve bili\u015fim teorisine dayanan yeni bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences <\/em>portal\u0131nda yerini alan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131daki yerlerden al\u0131nan dar bir \u00f6rneklemdeki \u00f6zelliklerden yola \u00e7\u0131karak, etkilere dair \u00f6nemli \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar\u0131n nas\u0131l yap\u0131labilece\u011fi anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. Hatta bu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlara, arada kalan b\u00f6lgeler veya ayn\u0131 kilit \u00f6zellikleri ta\u015f\u0131yan uzak b\u00f6lgeler bile dahil edilebiliyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Maurizio Porfiri<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cVeri k\u00fcmeleri \u00e7o\u011fu zaman yetersiz kal\u0131r\u201d diye a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor Porfiri ve ekliyor: \u201cBu y\u00fczden, \u00e7ok temel bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla bili\u015fim teorisini kullanarak normalde zaman bak\u0131m\u0131ndan incelenen etkinin uzay a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da incelenip incelenemeyece\u011fini ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131k. Bu sayede \u00e7ok dar bir veri k\u00fcmesiyle, 25 ila 50 g\u00f6zlemle, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu. Verilerin anl\u0131k bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc al\u0131yor ve neden-sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisine bakmaks\u0131z\u0131n, sadece iki nokta aras\u0131 etkile\u015fimi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak ba\u011flant\u0131lar \u00e7iziyoruz. Bu \u015fekilde sistemde, ilk bak\u0131\u015fta g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen, kolektif bir tepki olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz.\u201d<\/p>\n

Porfiri ve \u0130spanya, Cartagena Teknik \u00dcniversitesi Nicel Y\u00f6ntemler, Hukuk ve Modern Diller Departman\u0131’ndaki orta\u011f\u0131 Manuel Ruiz Mar\u00edn\u2019in geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi metodun i\u00e7eri\u011fi \u015fu \u015fekilde:<\/p>\n

\u2022 Veri k\u00fcmesini az say\u0131daki ge\u00e7erli sembollere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek. Bu a\u015fama yapay zek\u00e2 sistemlerinin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da piksel kullanarak (\u00e7ene, elmac\u0131k kemikleri, al\u0131n vb.) bir y\u00fcz\u00fc tan\u0131mas\u0131na benzetilebilir.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Bili\u015fim teorisi prensiplerini kullanarak parametrik olmayan (iki mek\u00e2n aras\u0131nda belli bir modele ba\u011fl\u0131 bir etkile\u015fim oldu\u011funu varsaymayan) bir test olu\u015fturmak ve olaylar\u0131 birbirleriyle ili\u015fkilendirerek bir konumdaki belirsizli\u011fin, ba\u015fka bir konumdaki belirsizli\u011fe dair bilgi edindi\u011fimizde azal\u0131p azalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlemek.<\/p>\n

Porfiri, parametrik olmayan bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n, se\u00e7ilen noktalar \u00fczerindeki etkilerin alt\u0131nda yatan bir d\u00fczen oldu\u011funu varsaymamas\u0131n\u0131n, noktalar\u0131n birbiriyle ili\u015fkilendirilmesinde nas\u0131l bir esneklik sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. Bunun i\u00e7in verdi\u011fi \u00f6rnek ise \u201ckom\u015fu\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131: \u201cKom\u015fu kavram\u0131n\u0131 soyutla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in, ba\u015fka herhangi bir \u00f6zellik, mesela ideoloji, ba\u011flam\u0131nda yeniden tan\u0131mlayabiliyoruz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, co\u011frafi olarak yak\u0131n olmasalar da Kaliforniya ve New York, benzer de\u011ferlere sahip olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in ideolojik bak\u0131mdan kom\u015fu olabilirler.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ekip, \u00f6nemli sosyoekonomik sorunlara istatiksel prensiplerine dayal\u0131 bir anlay\u0131\u015f getirmek i\u00e7in bu sistemi iki vaka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerinden do\u011frulad\u0131: Banglade\u015f\u2019te deniz seviyesinin y\u00fckselmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 ya\u015fanan g\u00f6\u00e7ler ve ABD\u2019deki motorlu ara\u00e7 kazalar\u0131 sonucunda ya\u015fanan \u00f6l\u00fcmler. \u201c\u0130lk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda konumlar aras\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn co\u011frafi mesafeye veya belli bir semtteki su bask\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n ciddiyetine g\u00f6re tahmin edilip edilemeyece\u011fini g\u00f6rmek istedik. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, semtin yak\u0131n\u0131nda di\u011fer hangi semtlerin bulundu\u011funa ya da sel seviyesine ili\u015fkin bilgiler, g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn boyutunu tahmini etmemize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak m\u0131yd\u0131?\u201d diye a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor Ruiz Mar\u00edn.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci vaka analizi i\u00e7in ise ekip, 1980, 1994 ve 2009 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, alkol kullan\u0131m\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 araba kazalar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 inceledi; bu t\u00fcr kazalar\u0131n s\u0131k\u00e7a ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 eyaletleri, s\u0131ras\u0131yla hem konum hem de alkoll\u00fc ara\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131yla ilgili yasalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yak\u0131n olan di\u011fer eyaletlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u201cAlkoll\u00fc ara\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131yla ilgili benzer yasalar\u0131 payla\u015fan eyaletlerdense, s\u0131n\u0131r kom\u015fusu olan eyaletler aras\u0131nda daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ba\u011flant\u0131 g\u00f6zlemledik.\u201d<\/p>\n

Porfiri ve Ruiz Mar\u00edn, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131nda bu metodun kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 uzamsal-zamansal olgular\u0131n analizine de uygulamay\u0131 hedefliyorlar.<\/p>\n

Kaynak:<\/strong> https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2020-10-method-spatial.html<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7ler, COVID-19\u2019un yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, tar\u0131m alan\u0131ndaki yeni e\u011filimler ve kom\u015fu b\u00f6lgelerdeki sosyoekonomik sorunlar; t\u00fcm bunlar verilere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Kullan\u0131lan modeller karma\u015f\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a bu gibi belli bir uzama -bir \u00fclkeye, b\u00f6lgeye veya d\u00fcnyaya- yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olgular\u0131n analizi i\u00e7in gereken veri miktar\u0131 da artar. Fakat genelde ya g\u00fcvenilir verilere eri\u015fmek zor ve pahal\u0131d\u0131r, ya da s\u00f6z […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":865,"featured_media":49399,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,25],"tags":[7501,7502,7500,7499],"class_list":["post-49397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","category-matematik","tag-bilisim-teorisi","tag-covid","tag-uzamsal","tag-veri-kumesi"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49397","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/865"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49397"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49397\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49399"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49397"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49397"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49397"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}