{"id":49784,"date":"2021-04-07T11:06:34","date_gmt":"2021-04-07T08:06:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=49784"},"modified":"2021-04-07T11:06:34","modified_gmt":"2021-04-07T08:06:34","slug":"neandertaller-konusmayi-algilama-ve-konusabilme-kapasitesine-sahipti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2021\/04\/07\/neandertaller-konusmayi-algilama-ve-konusabilme-kapasitesine-sahipti","title":{"rendered":"Neandertaller konu\u015fmay\u0131 alg\u0131lama ve konu\u015fabilme kapasitesine sahipti"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Binghamton \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden antropolog Rolf Quam ve \u00f6\u011frencisi Alex Velez\u2019in y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, modern insan\u0131n en yak\u0131n atas\u0131 say\u0131lan Neardertallerin de alg\u0131lama ve konu\u015fabilme kapasitesine sahip olabilecekleri belirtildi.<\/p>\n<p>Quam, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n, t\u00fcm kariyeri boyunca kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma oldu\u011funu; ancak antropolojide &#8220;dilin evrimi&#8221; konusunun fazlaca tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7abilecek &#8220;k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00fcne&#8221; sahip oldu\u011fundan elde edilen verilerin \u015fu anda epeyce az oldu\u011funu, fosil incelemelerine dayanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc vurguluyor.<br \/>\nDilin evrimi konusu ve \u00f6zellikle de Neandertallerde dilsel kapasite olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, insan evrimi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcredir devam eden bir tart\u0131\u015fma yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Madrid Complutense Universidad\u2019da paleontoloji b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden profes\u00f6r Juan Luis Arsuaga (ayn\u0131 zamanda Kuzey \u0130spanya\u2019daki Atapuerca arkeolojik sitesi yard\u0131mc\u0131 y\u00f6neticisi), \u201dOn y\u0131llard\u0131r insan evrimi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n merkezdeki sorusu, \u00f6zellikle Neandertallerde olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer insans\u0131 atalar\u0131m\u0131zda ileti\u015fim \u015fekli olarak insan bi\u00e7imli konu\u015fman\u0131n olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r\u201d diyor. Son yay\u0131mlanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 bir modelle bu ileti\u015fimin i\u015fitme temeli \u00fczerinden nas\u0131l olabilece\u011fine dair \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlarda bulundular.<\/p>\n<p>Modelde, Atapuerca arkeolojik sitesindeki fosiller \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan elde edilen Neandertal atalar\u0131m\u0131za ait verilerden hareketle hem <em>Homo sapiens<\/em> hem de Neandertallere ait 3D kulak yap\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturuldu ve y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckl\u00fc CT taramalar\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130\u015fitme aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fu modern insan konu\u015fma sesine denk gelecek \u015fekilde 5kHz\u2019in \u00fczerinde olacak \u015fekilde ayarlanarak i\u015fitme hassasiyetleri \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerek veriler topland\u0131. Atapuerca fosilleri modeliyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Neandertallerin modern insana benzer \u015fekilde 4-5kHz aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 rahatl\u0131kla i\u015fitebildi\u011fi belirlendi.<br \/>\nAra\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ayn\u0131 zamanda her bir t\u00fcrde, teknik olarak &#8220;kullan\u0131lan bant geni\u015fli\u011fi&#8221; denen, hassasiyet geli\u015fen en y\u00fcksek frekans\u0131 da \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fcler. Bu bant geni\u015fli\u011fi ileti\u015fim sistemiyle birebir ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r ve geni\u015flik ne kadar fazla ise oral ileti\u015fimde seslerin ay\u0131rt edilebilme kapasitesi o kadar fazla olur. Bu da, ileti\u015fimin verimlili\u011fini artt\u0131r\u0131r, en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede net bir mesaj sunma yetene\u011fini geli\u015ftirir. Neandertaller, Atapuerca&#8217;daki atalar\u0131na k\u0131yasla daha geni\u015f bir bant geni\u015fli\u011fi g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdi ve bu \u00f6zellik de modern insanlara daha \u00e7ok benziyordu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya \u00f6nderlik eden \u0130spanya Alcala \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden profes\u00f6r Mercedes Conde-Valverde, bunun ger\u00e7ekten bir &#8220;anahtar&#8221; olabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor: &#8220;Benzer i\u015fitme kapasitesi, \u00f6zellikle de band geni\u015fli\u011fi meselesi, Neandertallerin en az modern insan\u0131n konu\u015fmas\u0131 d\u00fczeyine denk etkinlikte ve karma\u015f\u0131k bir ileti\u015fim sistemleri oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Quam\u2019a g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n di\u011fer ilgin\u00e7 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri, Neandertallerin konu\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n muhtemelen \u00fcns\u00fczlerin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011fi ve hatta artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nerisiydi: &#8220;Daha \u00f6nceki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, Neandertallerin konu\u015fmalar\u0131nda, \u0130ngilizce ana \u00fcnl\u00fcleri \u00fcretme yeteneklerine odaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu odaklanman\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00fcns\u00fczlerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 vokal sinyale daha fazla bilgi eklemenin bir yoludur ve ayn\u0131 zamanda insan konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ve dilini neredeyse t\u00fcm di\u011fer primatlardaki ileti\u015fim kal\u0131plar\u0131ndan ay\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131n bu \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirilmesi ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten ilgin\u00e7 bir y\u00f6n\u00fcd\u00fcr ve fosil atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n dilsel kapasiteleri ile ilgili yeni bir \u00f6neri sunmaktad\u0131r\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130nsan konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n seslerini \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in bize benzer bir kapasiteye sahiplerdi ve kulaklar\u0131 bu frekanslar\u0131 alg\u0131lamak i\u00e7in ayarland\u0131. Neandertallerin i\u015fitsel kapasitelerdeki bu de\u011fi\u015fiklik -Atapuerca&#8217;daki atalar\u0131yla k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda- ta\u015f alet teknolojisindeki geli\u015fkinlik, ate\u015fin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi sembolik ve karma\u015f\u0131k davran\u0131\u015f kal\u0131plar\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda arkeolojik mevcut bulgularla da paralellik g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu do\u011frultuda, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, <strong>giderek daha karma\u015f\u0131k hale gelen davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n birlikte evriminde vokal ileti\u015fimde artan verimlili\u011fin epeyce \u00f6nemli rol\u00fc oldu\u011fu<\/strong> lehine g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kan\u0131tlar sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><em>Nature Ecology and Evolution<\/em>\u2019da yay\u0131mlanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, neredeyse 20 y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcr\u00fcyor ve giderek geni\u015fleyen fosil \u00f6rnekleriyle verilerini geni\u015fletiyor. Ancak sadece \u015fu an bile heyecanlanmak i\u00e7in yeterli veri elde edilmi\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130spanya Alcala \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden profes\u00f6r Ignacio Martinez, &#8220;Bu sonu\u00e7lar \u00f6zellikle memnun edici&#8221; diyor ve ekliyor: &#8220;Biz, gelecek y\u00fczy\u0131lda Neandertallerin konu\u015fma kapasitesinin t\u00fcm detaylar\u0131n\u0131 kesin bi\u00e7imde \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131za inan\u0131yoruz.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaynak:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2021\/03\/210301112358.htm\">SCIENCE DAILY<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Binghamton \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden antropolog Rolf Quam ve \u00f6\u011frencisi Alex Velez\u2019in y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, modern insan\u0131n en yak\u0131n atas\u0131 say\u0131lan Neardertallerin de alg\u0131lama ve konu\u015fabilme kapasitesine sahip olabilecekleri belirtildi. Quam, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n, t\u00fcm kariyeri boyunca kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma oldu\u011funu; ancak antropolojide &#8220;dilin evrimi&#8221; konusunun fazlaca tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7abilecek &#8220;k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00fcne&#8221; sahip oldu\u011fundan elde edilen verilerin [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":42,"featured_media":42394,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[7599,816,555,1192,529],"class_list":["post-49784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-birlikte-evrim","tag-fosil","tag-insan","tag-konusma","tag-neandertal"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" 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