{"id":5088,"date":"2016-04-10T00:45:42","date_gmt":"2016-04-09T21:45:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=5088"},"modified":"2016-04-10T00:45:42","modified_gmt":"2016-04-09T21:45:42","slug":"hayvanlarda-kendiliginden-davranislari-yoneten-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2016\/04\/10\/hayvanlarda-kendiliginden-davranislari-yoneten-nedir","title":{"rendered":"Hayvanlarda kendili\u011finden davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 y\u00f6neten nedir?  \u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>G\u00f6rsel a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131:<\/strong> Haritada, zebrabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n beyninde y\u00fczme davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kendili\u011findenli\u011fini kontrol eden n\u00f6ronlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Gri ve deniz mavisi anatomik i\u015faretleyicilerdir. Deniz mavisi renkli b\u00f6lge, spinal kordu g\u00f6steren alan\u0131 i\u015faretlemektedir. Ye\u015fil, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve mavi h\u00fccreler pratik bir haritaland\u0131rmad\u0131r. Burada ye\u015fil h\u00fccreler sola d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc; k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 h\u00fccreler sa\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc; mavi h\u00fccreler ise d\u00fcz y\u00fcz\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kontrol eden h\u00fccreleri simgeler. N\u00f6ronlar\u0131n topluluk halindeki rehberli\u011fi, \u00e7evresel ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yetersiz oldu\u011fu zamanlarda zebrabal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kendili\u011finden bir y\u00f6n ve yiyecek bulma imk\u00e2n\u0131 sunar.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Biliminsanlar\u0131, hayvanlarda, al\u0131\u015f\u0131k olmad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7evre ko\u015fullar\u0131nda bile (\u0131\u015f\u0131k veya ses gibi y\u00f6n g\u00f6sterici ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 olmadan) yiyecek ve di\u011fer ya\u015famsal kaynaklara ula\u015fabilmelerini sa\u011flayan bir beyin aktivitesi oldu\u011funu belirledi.<\/p>\n<p><em>eLife<\/em>\u2019da yay\u0131mlanan yeni bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, larva zebrabal\u0131klar\u0131nda \u201ckendili\u011finden davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u201d nas\u0131l olu\u015fabildi\u011fini de\u015fifre edebilmek i\u00e7in t\u00fcm beyin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemesi kulland\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucunda biliminsanlar\u0131, bal\u0131klar\u0131n basit davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7 de rastlant\u0131sal olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; beyinlerindeki sol ve sa\u011f d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flayan de\u011fi\u015fimli \u201cb\u00f6lgeler\u201d oldu\u011funu; s\u0131ras\u0131yla sola ve sa\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenli olarak tekrarlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 izlediler.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten ekibin ba\u015f\u0131 olan Timothy Dunn\u2019a g\u00f6re, zebrabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f, bir \u00f6nceki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc takip eden bir yol izleyerek \u00f6nceden belirlenen bir \u201ctek y\u00f6n zinciri\u201d olu\u015fturarak g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan bir slalom y\u00fcz\u00fc\u015f\u00fc y\u00f6r\u00fcngesi yarat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Serbest y\u00fczen bal\u0131klarda bu birlikte ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ne do\u011fru yap\u0131lan zincir \u015feklinde y\u00fcz\u00fc\u015f ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f hareketi ortalama 5-10 saniye veya bazen daha uzun aral\u0131klarla tekrarlanmaktad\u0131r. Rasgele bir y\u00fcz\u00fc\u015ften belirgin \u015fekilde farkl\u0131 olan bu s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bi\u00e7im, asl\u0131nda, g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir bir model ve e\u011filim de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<p>Kendili\u011finden beyin aktiviteleri ile kendili\u011finden davran\u0131\u015flar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi larva zebrabal\u0131klar\u0131nda inceleyen ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, hayvan hareketlerinin modellerini belirleyerek bunun, n\u00f6ronal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve t\u00fcm beyindeki aktivitesini g\u00f6steren bir harita olu\u015fturdular.<\/p>\n<p>Ekip, zebrabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n arka beyninde, basit ama ya\u015famsal davran\u0131\u015f d\u00fczene\u011fine kat\u0131lan ve yemek bulma gibi faaliyetleri, \u00e7evresel destekler en az seviyedeyken bile (\u0131\u015f\u0131k, ses vs) optimize eden bir \u00e7ekirdek b\u00f6lge ke\u015ffettiler. Bu durumda zebrabal\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6zlemlenen bu n\u00f6ronal aktivite b\u00f6lgesinin di\u011fer organizmalarda da olabilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilecektir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yard\u0131mc\u0131 dan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131ndan Janelia Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Birimi\u2019nden Dr. Yu Mu\u2019ya g\u00f6re de; t\u00fcm beyin analizlerimiz, n\u00f6ral aktivite deneylerimiz, zebrabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anatomik \u00f6zellikleri, kendi kendine \u00fcretilen davran\u0131\u015flarda bir dairesel fakt\u00f6r ve model oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Ekip, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n bu dairesel model konusunda bir \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fc yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; bundan sonra yap\u0131lacak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n daha kritik bile\u015fenleri a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karmak y\u00f6n\u00fcnde olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtiyor. Zebrabal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u00e7evre \u015fartlar\u0131ndaki veya farkl\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fcsel durumlarda kendili\u011finden y\u00fczme modellerinin nas\u0131l etkilenece\u011fini g\u00f6zlemlemek de ilgin\u00e7 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u00c7eviren: Dr. Ebru Oktay<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaynak: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2016\/03\/160322100413.htm\">https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2016\/03\/160322100413.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>G\u00f6rsel a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131: Haritada, zebrabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n beyninde y\u00fczme davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kendili\u011findenli\u011fini kontrol eden n\u00f6ronlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Gri ve deniz mavisi anatomik i\u015faretleyicilerdir. Deniz mavisi renkli b\u00f6lge, spinal kordu g\u00f6steren alan\u0131 i\u015faretlemektedir. Ye\u015fil, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve mavi h\u00fccreler pratik bir haritaland\u0131rmad\u0131r. Burada ye\u015fil h\u00fccreler sola d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc; k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 h\u00fccreler sa\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc; mavi h\u00fccreler ise d\u00fcz y\u00fcz\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kontrol eden h\u00fccreleri simgeler. N\u00f6ronlar\u0131n topluluk [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5089,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,21,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5088","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","category-biyoloji","category-noroloji"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5088","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5088"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5088\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5088"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5088"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5088"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}