{"id":51133,"date":"2021-07-31T00:00:32","date_gmt":"2021-07-30T21:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=51133"},"modified":"2021-07-30T12:35:48","modified_gmt":"2021-07-30T09:35:48","slug":"antroposen-caginin-safaginda-bireyi-icat-etmek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2021\/07\/31\/antroposen-caginin-safaginda-bireyi-icat-etmek","title":{"rendered":"Antroposen \u00c7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u015eafa\u011f\u0131nda Bireyi \u0130cat Etmek"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hasan Aksakal\u2019\u0131n romantizmi merkeze alan ve \u00e7ok incelenmeyen etkileri \u00fczerine daha \u00f6nce yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f iki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 mevcut: Politik Romantizm ve Modernite Ele\u015ftirileri<\/em> (Alfa Yay., 2015) ve T\u00fcrk Politik K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde Romantizm<\/em> (\u0130leti\u015fim Yay., 2015).\u00a0 Bu y\u00fczden, Avrupa romantiklerinin portrelerinden olu\u015fan elimizdeki yeni kitab\u0131 ilk anda bilgi ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n daha hafif, daha kolay okunur bir yan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir. Bir\u00e7ok ba\u015fka konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in do\u011fru olabilecek bu izlenimin romantizm s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda aldat\u0131c\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Tam tersine, romantizme b\u00fct\u00fcnsel bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ak\u0131m\u0131 olarak yakla\u015fman\u0131n tuzaklar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in romantizmi de\u011fil de romantikleri ve onlar\u0131n portrelerini merkeze koyman\u0131n yeni k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mlar yayabilece\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor D\u00fcnyay\u0131 Yeniden B\u00fcy\u00fclemek.
\n<\/em>Romantizm tariflerindeki hiper-enflasyon, b\u00fct\u00fcnsel bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ak\u0131m\u0131 olarak 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekillendiren romantizmi birka\u00e7 c\u00fcmle veya paragrafla \u00e7er\u00e7evelemenin beyhude bir \u00e7aba oldu\u011funun kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Denebilir ki romantizm yoktur, romantikler vard\u0131r. Kitaptaki portreleri \u015f\u00f6yle bir listeleyelim: Novalis, Blake, Schlegel, Wordsworth, H\u00f6lderlin, Walter Scott, Coleridge, Byron, Hugo, Pu\u015fkin, Mickiewicz\u2026 Yanlar\u0131na Delocroix, Lamartine ve Shelley\u2019i ekleyin. Biraz yak\u0131ndan bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda bu isimleri birle\u015ftiren unsurlardan ziyade ay\u0131ranlar \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar. Wordsworth\u2019\u00fcn muhafazak\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Byron\u2019un rock\u2019n\u2019roll isyan\u0131n\u0131n veya Blake\u2019in bireysel anar\u015fizmi ile Hugo\u2019nun politik \u015fahsiyetinin ayn\u0131 \u015femsiye alt\u0131nda dola\u015fmas\u0131 nas\u0131l m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir? Her romantizm tarifinde alt\u0131 \u00e7izilen benzerlikler yeterli midir: Hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcne olan s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z tutku, do\u011fan\u0131n y\u00fcceltilmesi ve imk\u00e2ns\u0131z\u0131 istemek\u2026 Sanki bu temel karakteristikler bile bu kadar farkl\u0131 ismi bir arada tutmaya yetecek g\u00fc\u00e7te bir tutkal de\u011fil. \u0130\u015fte o zaman romantizmin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p romantiklerden dem vurmak daha anlaml\u0131 hale geliyor.
\nRomantizm Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bildiklerimizi hat\u0131rlayal\u0131m: Ulusal devrimler, sanayi devrimi, Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ve onun uzant\u0131s\u0131 olan monar\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Napolyon Sava\u015flar\u0131\u2026 Bu kas\u0131rgan\u0131n i\u00e7inden do\u011fan romantikler t\u0131pk\u0131 kitab\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131n da vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi d\u00fcnyay\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcleyecek yepyeni, ke\u015ffedilmemi\u015f, hayat\u0131 tekrar eksenine oturtacak bir nirengi noktas\u0131 ararlar. Her romanti\u011fin yolculu\u011fu kendine \u00f6zg\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kiminde do\u011fa, sanayi devrimi ile yar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015fehirlerin sefaletine kar\u015f\u0131 refleksif bir tepki kiminde ise panteist bir tap\u0131nakt\u0131r. Kiminde siyasi muhafazak\u00e2rl\u0131k sosyal f\u0131rt\u0131nalara kar\u015f\u0131 bir s\u00fck\u00fbnet aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 iken kiminde ye\u015fermekte olan ulusalc\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7oktan da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan\u0131n s\u00fcp\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp arkada b\u0131rak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 yeni bir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 temsil eder. Her durumda romantizmin \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc kaz\u0131d\u0131k\u00e7a romantiklerin bireyselli\u011fi \u00e7\u0131kar kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za.
\nDenebilir ki, romantizmin tek ortak kayna\u011f\u0131 bireydir. Merkezdeki birey ve bireysellik romantizmin 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ak\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki belirleyicili\u011finin de sebebidir. Uhrevi olan\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, feodal s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n tarihe kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve buhar makinesinin tanr\u0131sal yaratma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcretim g\u00fcc\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir \u00e7a\u011fda tutunulabilecek tek \u015fey bireydir. Gelin g\u00f6r\u00fcn ki birey hen\u00fcz bireylerin \u00fczerinde pek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. \u0130\u015fte romantikler bu zorlu ke\u015ffe \u00e7\u0131kanlar\u0131n ortak elbisesidir. Her biri farkl\u0131 \u015fekil, \u00fcslup ve sonu\u00e7la bireyin ta kendisini aramaktad\u0131r. Nietzsche\u2019nin d\u00fcnyas\u0131na girmeye haz\u0131rlanmaktad\u0131r insanl\u0131k. Kaybolan de\u011ferlerin yerine birey sahneye \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Uhrevi ve d\u00fcnyevi efendilerden mahrum kalm\u0131\u015f birey ke\u015ffedilmeli, gerekirse icat edilmelidir.
\nRomantiklerin do\u011fan\u0131n ihti\u015fam\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131na da bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bakmak gerekir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn pop\u00fcler, \u201cYeni Romantizm\u201d denebilecek paradigmas\u0131, Do\u011fa B\u00fcy\u00fck, \u0130nsan K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck<\/em> ve Do\u011fa \u0130yi, \u0130nsan K\u00f6t\u00fc<\/em> diyor bize. \u201cYeni Romantizm\u201d, insan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck resim i\u00e7indeki m\u00fctevazi \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finden dem vurur ve romantikleri de kendi \u00f6nc\u00fclleri gibi anar. Oysa romantikler i\u00e7in do\u011fa, bireyin i\u00e7inde kopan, kelimelerin kifayetsiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131 ifade edecek bir sembold\u00fcr. Birey ancak do\u011fan\u0131n ihti\u015fam\u0131yla; y\u00fccelerden akan \u015felaleler, kara ormanlar, sonsuzlu\u011fu kucaklarcas\u0131na yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6ller ve sarp kayal\u0131klarla e\u015ftir. Bireyin \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi ile do\u011fan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi bir ve denktir. Romantiklerin aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 Pandora\u2019n\u0131n kutusundan sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131veren bireyin ihti\u015fam\u0131d\u0131r.
\nWalter Scott\u2019un, Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019\u0131n hayali d\u00fcnyas\u0131na oturtulmu\u015f Ivanhoe roman\u0131n\u0131 (ortaya\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcndekiler TRT\u2019deki dizisinden de hat\u0131rlar) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim. Bu roman\u0131n yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 1819 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra h\u0131zla bir best-seller haline gelmesi s\u00fcrpriz gibi g\u00f6z\u00fckebilir. Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019\u0131n feodal aristokratik d\u00fczenine bir \u00f6zlem gibi okundu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz Ivanhoe\u2019nun. Oysa durum tam tersidir. Ivanhoe soylu ailesiyle siyaseten ters d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, s\u0131n\u0131fs\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015f bir \u015f\u00f6valyedir. Adeta bir ronin, efendisiz bir \u015f\u00f6valye, bireyselli\u011fi ile adalet i\u00e7in sava\u015fan biridir. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fi de\u011fil gelece\u011fi vard\u0131r sadece. D\u00f6nemin y\u00fckselen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 burjuvazi Ivanhoe ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirir kendini. Mesele nostalji de\u011fil bireyin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gelecek alg\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r, roman\u0131 best-seller yapan dinamik de budur.
\nE\u011frisiyle do\u011frusuyla birey dedi\u011fimiz kavram\u0131n tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n romantikler taraf\u0131ndan at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. D\u00fcnyay\u0131 Yeniden B\u00fcy\u00fclemek<\/em>, Avrupa romantiklerinin bireysel sanat ser\u00fcvenleri \u00fczerinden 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki birey in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n izlerini sunuyor. Portreleri \u00e7izilen isimler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 edebiyattan se\u00e7ilmi\u015f olsalar da resim (Delacroix) ve m\u00fczik (Berlioz) de yerini buluyor.
\nD\u00fcnyay\u0131 Yeniden B\u00fcy\u00fclemek<\/em> d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarihinin bu kritik d\u00f6nemine bireysel yarat\u0131 ser\u00fcvenleri \u00fczerinden bakmak isteyenler i\u00e7in keyifli ve derin bir okuma sunuyor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn en can yak\u0131c\u0131 problematiklerinden birinin halen daha birey oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse Avrupa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarihinde bireyin nas\u0131l in\u015fa edildi\u011fini merak edenlere\u2026
\nD\u00fcnyay\u0131 Yeniden B\u00fcy\u00fclemek, Avrupa Romantizminden Portreler, Hasan Aksakal, Beyo\u011flu Kitabevi, 2021, 236 s.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hasan Aksakal\u2019\u0131n romantizmi merkeze alan ve \u00e7ok incelenmeyen etkileri \u00fczerine daha \u00f6nce yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f iki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 mevcut: Politik Romantizm ve Modernite Ele\u015ftirileri (Alfa Yay., 2015) ve T\u00fcrk Politik K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde Romantizm (\u0130leti\u015fim Yay., 2015).\u00a0 Bu y\u00fczden, Avrupa romantiklerinin portrelerinden olu\u015fan elimizdeki yeni kitab\u0131 ilk anda bilgi ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n daha hafif, daha kolay okunur bir yan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc gibi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":482,"featured_media":51134,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7824,38,513,510,511],"tags":[7844,7845,7843,960],"class_list":["post-51133","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-208-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-kitapcil","category-surekli-bolumler","category-yayin-dunyasi","tag-avrupa-romantizminden-portreler","tag-beyoglu-kitabevi","tag-dunyayi-yeniden-buyulemek","tag-ogan-guner"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t