{"id":51845,"date":"2021-09-24T08:32:16","date_gmt":"2021-09-24T05:32:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=51845"},"modified":"2021-09-23T12:52:32","modified_gmt":"2021-09-23T09:52:32","slug":"alerjik-hastalik-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2021\/09\/24\/alerjik-hastalik-nedir","title":{"rendered":"Alerjik hastal\u0131k nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Alerjik hastal\u0131klar, halk aras\u0131ndaki yanl\u0131\u015f inan\u0131\u015f\u0131n aksine ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemindeki yetersizlikten kaynaklanmamaktad\u0131r. Alerjik hastal\u0131klarda ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminde \u00e7e\u015fitli h\u00fccreler ve elementler say\u0131ca \u00e7o\u011falarak a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 aktifle\u015fir ve bu yolla hastal\u0131k bulgular\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Alerji, Latince farkl\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cAllos\u201d kelimesinden kaynaklan\u0131r ve yabanc\u0131 maddelere kar\u015f\u0131 v\u00fccudun verdi\u011fi farkl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_51847\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-51847\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-51847\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/2-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"294\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-51847\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alerji, yabanc\u0131 maddelere kar\u015f\u0131 v\u00fccudun verdi\u011fi farkl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Alerjik hastal\u0131klar, ba\u015fl\u0131ca iki temel unsurun rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemimizin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yan\u0131t olu\u015fturmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan hastal\u0131klard\u0131r. Bu iki unsurdan ilki \u201calerjen\u201d dedi\u011fimiz, \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen, genellikle protein yap\u0131s\u0131nda olan, daha \u00e7ok \u00e7evremizden v\u00fccudumuza ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z maddeler; ikincisi ise ailemizden gelen ve bu hastal\u0131klara yatk\u0131n hale gelmemizi sa\u011flayan \u201cgenetik kod\u201dumuzdur.(1) Ancak, her alerjik hastal\u0131kta alerjen maruziyeti tam olarak g\u00f6sterilemez.\u00a0 \u00d6rne\u011fin \u201ckronik \u00fcrtiker\u201d dedi\u011fimiz, alt\u0131 haftadan daha uzun bir s\u00fcre boyunca olduk\u00e7a ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131, irili ufakl\u0131 deriden kabar\u0131k ve gezici karakterdeki lezyonlardan olu\u015fan hastal\u0131kta alerjen maruziyeti genellikle s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n zemininde \u201cotoimm\u00fcn\u201d dedi\u011fimiz v\u00fccudun kendi h\u00fccre ve elementlerini yabanc\u0131 olarak alg\u0131lamas\u0131 sonucu hasar olu\u015fturan \u00e7e\u015fitli hastal\u0131klar\u0131, kronik enfeksiyonlar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmak gerekmekte ve \u00e7o\u011fu hastada klini\u011fi tetikleyen, v\u00fccuda d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan giren bir ajan bulunamamaktad\u0131r. Bu durumda hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendili\u011finden geli\u015fti\u011fini ifade etmek i\u00e7in \u201ckronik spontan \u00fcrtiker\u201d tan\u0131m\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n \u00fcrtiker alt\u0131 haftadan daha k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre boyunca seyretmi\u015f ve tedaviyle ya da kendinden iyile\u015fmi\u015fse, \u201cakut \u00fcrtiker\u201d dedi\u011fimiz klinik tabloyu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilir ve genellikle besin, b\u00f6cek sokmas\u0131 ya da ila\u00e7 gibi bir alerjen maruziyetini \u00e7o\u011fu kez saptayabiliriz. Alerjik hastal\u0131klara genetik yatk\u0131nl\u0131k \u201catopi\u201d terimi ile isimlendirilmektedir.(2) Klinik pratikte alerjik nezlesi olan bir anne babadan do\u011fan bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun y\u00fczde 75 olas\u0131l\u0131kla hasta olmas\u0131 beklenmektedir.(3) Ancak, \u00e7o\u011fu klinik tabloda bu \u015fekilde kuvvetli bir ili\u015fki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclse de, genetik zemini a\u00e7\u0131klayan, farkl\u0131 toplumlarca kabul g\u00f6ren mutasyonlar tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Alerjik hastal\u0131klar, v\u00fccudumuzdaki farkl\u0131 sistemleri etkileyerek de\u011fi\u015fik klinik \u00f6zelliklerle kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Soludu\u011fumuz alerjenler alerjik nezle (rinit), ast\u0131m denilen hava yollar\u0131n\u0131 tutan solunum hastal\u0131klar\u0131na neden olurken; yedi\u011fimiz besinler temel olarak sindirim sistemini ilgilendiren alerjik belirtilere, deri belirtilerine, nadiren solunum sistemi belirtilerine ve t\u00fcm v\u00fccut sistemlerini ilgilendiren acil bir klinik durum olarak kabul etti\u011fimiz anafilaksiye yol a\u00e7abilir. Bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ila\u00e7lar, b\u00f6cek \u0131s\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131 ya da sokmalar\u0131 veya farkl\u0131 kimyasal maddeler, v\u00fccuda giri\u015f yollar\u0131na ve al\u0131nan dozlara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131 alerjik belirti ve bulgulara yol a\u00e7ar.\u00a0 Bu nedenle alerjik hastal\u0131klar, \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 klinik tablolar halinde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir. Deriyi tutan ba\u015fl\u0131ca alerjik hastal\u0131klar; atopik dermatit, alerjik kontakt dermatit, \u00fcrtiker ve anjio\u00f6demdir. Solunum yollar\u0131nda alerjik rinit ve ast\u0131m, g\u00f6zde alerjik konjunktivit ve g\u00f6z kapaklar\u0131nda alerjik dermatit g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca ila\u00e7lar, b\u00f6cek \u0131s\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131 ya da sokmalar\u0131 ve besinler farkl\u0131 organ sistemlerini tutarak de\u011fi\u015fik klinik tablolara neden olur.<\/p>\n<p>Alerjik hastal\u0131klar\u0131n seyriyle ilgili t\u0131p literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan ilgin\u00e7 bir terim \u201catopik mar\u015f\u201dt\u0131r.(2) Genel olarak bir bireyin hayat\u0131n\u0131n ilk birka\u00e7 y\u0131l\u0131nda besin alerjisi, takiben atopik dermatit geli\u015firken bu tablolar\u0131n iyile\u015febildi\u011fi ve yerini genellikle 7-10 ya\u015flar\u0131nda solunum yolu alerjilerine b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Eri\u015fkin d\u00f6nemde alerjen ve iritanlara maruziyetle ili\u015fkili olarak farkl\u0131 alerjik tablolar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130leri ya\u015flarda da alerji kendini daha \u00f6zel alerjen maruziyetleriyle ili\u015fkili olarak ila\u00e7 ya da besin alerjisi \u015feklinde g\u00f6sterebilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>KAYNAKLAR<\/strong><br \/>\n1) Roilt I., Brostoff J., Male D.; Immunology, London, Churchill, Livingstone, 2nd ed. 1991.<br \/>\n2) Burks A.W., Holgate S., O\u2019Hehir R., Bacharier L., Broide D., Hershey G.K., Peebles R.S.; Middleton\u2019s Allergy Principles and Practice, 9th ed. 2019.<br \/>\n3) Wise S.K., Lin S.Y., Toskala E., Orlandi R.R., Akdis C.A., et al.; \u201cInternational Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis\u201d; Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2018; 8:2 108-352.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Not:<\/strong> Bu yaz\u0131 Bilim ve Gelecek Dergisi\u2019nin 198. Say\u0131s\u0131nda \u201cAlerjik hastal\u0131klar ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makaleden al\u0131nan bir b\u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<br \/>\nYaz\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 i\u00e7in;<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"w67crbXjrK\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2020\/09\/30\/alerjik-hastaliklar-ve-bagisiklik-sistemi\/\">Alerjik hastal\u0131klar ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Alerjik hastal\u0131klar ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi&#8221; &#8212; Bilim ve Gelecek\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2020\/09\/30\/alerjik-hastaliklar-ve-bagisiklik-sistemi\/embed\/#?secret=VldHGasX6N#?secret=w67crbXjrK\" data-secret=\"w67crbXjrK\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alerjik hastal\u0131klar, halk aras\u0131ndaki yanl\u0131\u015f inan\u0131\u015f\u0131n aksine ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemindeki yetersizlikten kaynaklanmamaktad\u0131r. Alerjik hastal\u0131klarda ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminde \u00e7e\u015fitli h\u00fccreler ve elementler say\u0131ca \u00e7o\u011falarak a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 aktifle\u015fir ve bu yolla hastal\u0131k bulgular\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Alerji, Latince farkl\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cAllos\u201d kelimesinden kaynaklan\u0131r ve yabanc\u0131 maddelere kar\u015f\u0131 v\u00fccudun verdi\u011fi farkl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Alerjik hastal\u0131klar, ba\u015fl\u0131ca iki temel [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":429,"featured_media":51846,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[573,7997,1875,1631,5066,425],"class_list":["post-51845","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-alerji","tag-allos","tag-enfeksiyon","tag-hastalik","tag-otoimmun","tag-saglik"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bilim ve Gelecek Ekibi\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2021\/09\/24\/alerjik-hastalik-nedir\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 4.9.8\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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