{"id":51999,"date":"2021-10-01T00:00:28","date_gmt":"2021-09-30T21:00:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=51999"},"modified":"2021-09-30T23:59:59","modified_gmt":"2021-09-30T20:59:59","slug":"bilimin-isiginda-elde-edilen-teoriler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2021\/10\/01\/bilimin-isiginda-elde-edilen-teoriler","title":{"rendered":"Bilimin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda elde edilen teoriler"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hasan \u0130pek<\/strong><\/p>\n

Biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131n evrende belki hi\u00e7 dikkatini \u00e7ekmemi\u015f baz\u0131 kozmik olaylar vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n nas\u0131l ve nedenleri hakk\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmemi\u015f, astronomi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olabilir. Bunlardan birisi de biz d\u00fcnyal\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok yak\u0131ndan ilgilendiren G\u00fcne\u015f sisteminde meydana gelmi\u015f \u00f6nemli olaylardan birisidir. Bu kozmik olay\u0131n yaratm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu karga\u015fa G\u00fcne\u015f sisteminde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe yol a\u00e7arak sistemdeki \u00fc\u00e7 gezegende hem fiziksel hem de y\u00fczeysel de\u011fi\u015fimlere neden olmu\u015ftur. Bunlar: D\u00fcnya, Mars ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc asteroitler ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda bulunan ana gezegendir.
\nBu gezegenleri ge\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u015f\u00f6yle incelemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr:<\/p>\n

a) 66 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce s\u0131ralamada 5. s\u0131rada bulunan gezegen \u00c7arsiso-5 (\u00c7arsiso ad\u0131; yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fum bilimkurgu roman\u0131nda verdi\u011fim isimdir. Bilim \u00e7evrelerince verilmi\u015f bir isim de\u011fildir.) gezegeninin bir kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7arpmas\u0131 ile par\u00e7alanma olay\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n

b) Bunun G\u00fcne\u015f sistemindeki 4. s\u0131rada bulunan Mars gezegenine olan etkileri\u2026<\/p>\n

c) G\u00fcne\u015f sistemi s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda 3. s\u0131rada bulunan D\u00fcnya\u2019ya olan etkilerinin oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi bu kozmolojik olay\u0131n G\u00fcne\u015f sistemindeki \u00fc\u00e7 gezegende olan etkilerine ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 g\u00f6z atmakta yarar var.<\/p>\n

\u00c7arsiso-5 gezegeninin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131
\n<\/strong>a- Zaman\u0131m\u0131zdan 65 milyon (baz\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re 66 milyon) y\u0131l \u00f6nce bug\u00fcnk\u00fc asteroit ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n uydusu Ay b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde k\u00fctleye yak\u0131n \u00c7arsiso-5 gezegeni bulunuyordu. G\u00fcne\u015f sistemindeki gezegen s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda 5. s\u0131radaki \u201cAsteroit Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131\u201dn\u0131n anas\u0131 say\u0131lan bu gezegen, uzay\u0131n derinliklerinden gelen bir kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7arpmas\u0131yla par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn G\u00fcne\u015f sistemindeki asteroitler bu \u00e7arpma sonucu da\u011f\u0131lan gezegenden arta kalan ve say\u0131lar\u0131 y\u00fcz binleri a\u015fan meteoritlerdir. Yani irili ufakl\u0131 y\u00fcz binlerce kaya par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r.
\nPar\u00e7alanan gezegen G\u00fcne\u015f sistemindeki gezegenlerin olu\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yerini alm\u0131\u015f olan ve 5. s\u0131raya d\u00fc\u015fen y\u00f6r\u00fcngede olu\u015fmu\u015ftu. Bir zamanlar sistemde 5. s\u0131rada bulunan gezegenin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131ndan sonra geriye kalan en b\u00fcy\u00fck par\u00e7a, 950 km \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki Vesta\u2019d\u0131r. Bu da ancak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kaya par\u00e7as\u0131 niteli\u011findedir. Ve di\u011fer ana gezegenlerden birisine de \u00e7ok uzak bir konumda oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in uydu da say\u0131lmaz. Di\u011fer kaya par\u00e7alar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck bak\u0131m\u0131ndan onun kadar \u00f6nemli say\u0131lmazlar.
\nBilindi\u011fi gibi gezegenler ilk olu\u015fumlar\u0131nda gaz ve toz bulutlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekirdek te\u015fkil ederek bir noktada yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 sonucunda meydana gelmi\u015flerdir. Gezegenleri meydana getiren gaz ve toz bulutlar\u0131 \u015fimdiki asteroit ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi irili ufakl\u0131 par\u00e7alar olu\u015fturmazlar. Bunun tersini savunmak gezegenlerin olu\u015fum yasalar\u0131na g\u00f6re ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131l\u0131r. Yani olu\u015fumun do\u011fas\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131 asteroitler ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131ndaki bu par\u00e7alar bir b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta bu gezegende bir b\u00fct\u00fcn kitle olu\u015farak G\u00fcne\u015f sistemindeki 5. s\u0131radaki yerini ve y\u00f6r\u00fcngesini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ama b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7arpman\u0131n (veya \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fman\u0131n) sonucunda y\u00fcz binlerce irili ufakl\u0131 par\u00e7alara b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00c7arpmadan sonra da\u011f\u0131lan bu par\u00e7alardan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kendi ana gezegenlerinin y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde kalarak devinmeye devam etmi\u015flerdir. \u00d6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da uzaya da\u011f\u0131l\u0131p yok olmu\u015ftur.
\nGezegen olu\u015fumuna \u00f6rnek g\u00f6stermek gerekirse; bug\u00fcnk\u00fc hen\u00fcz tamam\u0131yla kat\u0131la\u015fmam\u0131\u015f d\u0131\u015f gezegenler s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bunlar hen\u00fcz olu\u015fma a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f gaz gezegenlerdir. (J\u00fcpiter, Sat\u00fcrn, Nept\u00fcn, Uran\u00fcs gibi) Bu gezegenler gelecekte ba\u015fkala\u015f\u0131m ge\u00e7irerek kat\u0131la\u015facaklarsa; par\u00e7alar halinde de\u011fil, bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak a\u011f\u0131r metaller merkezde y\u0131\u011f\u0131larak ve daha hafif olanlar\u0131 y\u00fczeye yak\u0131n yerlerde birikerek kat\u0131 gezegen te\u015fkil edeceklerdir.
\nAsteroitlerin anas\u0131 ve onun par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda k\u0131saca bunlar s\u00f6ylenebilir. \u015eimdi bu \u00e7arpman\u0131n di\u011fer gezegenleri nas\u0131l etkilemi\u015f oldu\u011funa ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 g\u00f6z atal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

\u00c7arpman\u0131n Mars gezegenine etkisi
\n<\/strong>65 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce meydana gelen bu olay bir gezegenin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131yla kalmam\u0131\u015f, ona yak\u0131n olan ve kendisi gibi kat\u0131la\u015f\u0131m maddelerinden meydana gelen Mars\u2019\u0131 da etkilemi\u015ftir. \u00c7arp\u0131\u015fmada meydana gelen b\u00fcy\u00fck patlama ve kozmik r\u00fczg\u00e2rlar yo\u011funluk ve \u00e7ekim g\u00fcc\u00fc zaten zay\u0131f olan (D\u00fcnya\u2019ya g\u00f6re 1\/3 veya % 35)Mars\u2019\u0131n hem atmosferinin, hem de \u00fczerinde bulunan suyun \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda uzaya ka\u00e7mas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur. Bu arada su sadece gezegenin i\u00e7 ve \u00e7ok \u00e7ukur k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 ile kutup b\u00f6lgelerinde donmu\u015f halde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gezegenin y\u00fczey \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 art\u0131dan eksi santigrat derecelere d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr, nispeten \u0131l\u0131man iklimin yerini kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak \u00e7ok so\u011fuk iklimler alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki kitlesi biraz daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kitle b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne eri\u015fmi\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\n5. s\u0131radaki gezegenin kozmik olay nedeniyle par\u00e7alanmas\u0131ndan sonra yine Mars\u2019\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bo\u015fluk meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Onun b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bo\u015flu\u011fu dengelemek i\u00e7in kendisine kom\u015fu olan di\u011fer i\u00e7 gezegenlerden Mars ile D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerini de etkilemi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle her ikisi de G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019ten biraz daha uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, ikliminde de\u011fi\u015fiklikler meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Bir zamanlar \u0131l\u0131k bir iklimin h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu, sular\u0131n s\u0131v\u0131 halde bulundu\u011fu ve canl\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fayabilece\u011fi bir ortam Mars\u2019ta yok olmu\u015ftur. Bunun yerine \u0131s\u0131 ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n -40\u2019lara kadar d\u00fc\u015ferek so\u011fuk ve kal\u0131c\u0131 bir iklimin Mars\u2019\u0131n bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc duruma gelmesine sebep olmu\u015ftur.
\nBu arada k\u00fctlesinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nedeniyle J\u00fcpiter\u2019in y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmam\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. J\u00fcpiter, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7arpma sonunda sistemdeki s\u0131ralamas\u0131na g\u00f6re 6. s\u0131radan 5. s\u0131raya y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7arpman\u0131n D\u00fcnya\u2019ya etkisi
\n<\/strong>G\u00fcne\u015f sistemindeki s\u0131ralamada 3. s\u0131rada bulunan D\u00fcnya ise bu \u00e7arpman\u0131n sonucunda Mars\u2019ta oldu\u011fu gibi sular\u0131n\u0131, atmosferini kaybetmemi\u015f ama bir ba\u015fka talihsiz olay ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve ondan \u00e7ok ciddi bir \u015fekilde etkilenmi\u015ftir.
\nKuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131zla \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma sonucunda da\u011f\u0131lan gezegenden f\u0131rlayan 15 km \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir meteor t\u00fcm engelleri a\u015farak D\u00fcnya\u2019ya \u00e7arpm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7arpma sonucunda yerk\u00fcre \u00fczerinde hem fiziki hem de y\u00fczeysel de\u011fi\u015fiklere neden olmu\u015ftur.
\n\u00c7arpma sonucunda D\u00fcnya\u2019da da \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde y\u00f6r\u00fcnge de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019ten biraz daha uzakla\u015f\u0131p Mars gezegeninin a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 aray\u0131 dengelemek i\u00e7in ona do\u011fru yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc y\u00f6r\u00fcngesine girmi\u015ftir. Bu arada G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019ten biraz daha uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in do\u011fal olarak \u0131s\u0131 kayb\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019e yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla dev bitki ve canl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinin ya\u015fam buldu\u011fu \u00e7ok nemli ve s\u0131cak ortamdan \u00e7\u0131karak \u00e7e\u015fitli iklim \u00f6zeliklerinin bulundu\u011fu bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ortam\u0131na kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde boylar\u0131 10-20 metre, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 6 ile 12 ton aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen dinozor tipi hayvanlar\u0131n ya\u015fayabilecekleri ortam kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in nesilleri t\u00fckenmi\u015ftir. \u015eimdiki zamanda D\u00fcnya iklimi buna uygun de\u011fildir. Ne a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte hayvanlar, ne de boylar\u0131 y\u00fcz metrelerle ifade edilen bitkilerin \u00fcremesine uygun nemli, s\u0131cak ortam kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc D\u00fcnya\u2019m\u0131z sistemin merkezindeki G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019ten biraz daha uzakla\u015farak ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki iklim \u00f6zelli\u011fini kaybetmi\u015ftir.
\nMeteorun D\u00fcnya\u2019ya \u00e7arpmas\u0131 sonucunda yine yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn h\u00e2kimi durumundaki dinozor gibi dev boyutta hayvanlarla birlikte canl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinin yar\u0131ya yak\u0131n\u0131 yok olmu\u015ftur. Olaydan \u00f6nce gerek et\u00e7il, gerekse ot\u00e7ul hayvanlar besin y\u00f6n\u00fcnden hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 \u00e7ekmiyorlard\u0131. Bu da onlar\u0131n dev boyutlara eri\u015fmesinin nedeni say\u0131labilir. Ayr\u0131ca u\u00e7abilen ku\u015f t\u00fcrleri yok olmaktan bir \u015fekilde kurtulmu\u015flard\u0131r.
\nOlayda hem y\u00f6r\u00fcnge de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi hem de meteor \u00e7arpmas\u0131n\u0131 birlikte ya\u015fayan D\u00fcnya\u2019da meydana gelen sars\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n etkisi, tektonik olaylar\u0131 tetiklenmi\u015ftir. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde \u00e7ok miktarda volkan etkinli\u011fe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bunlar\u0131n p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bazalt so\u011fuyup kat\u0131la\u015farak geni\u015f alanlar\u0131 kaplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zehirli karbon i\u00e7eren CO2<\/sub> ve k\u00fck\u00fcrt gaz bile\u015fikleri atmosferi kaplayarak D\u00fcnya ikliminin so\u011fumas\u0131na, bitki ve hayvanlar\u0131n yok olmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fta volkanik faaliyetler atmosferi kaplayarak sera etkisi yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karasal iklim nedeniyle de D\u00fcnya bitki bak\u0131m\u0131ndan fakirle\u015fmi\u015f step alanlarla \u00e7\u00f6ll\u00fck alanlar b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geni\u015flemi\u015ftir.
\nBunun yan\u0131nda karalarda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7atlaklar olu\u015fmu\u015f, yeni i\u00e7 deniz ve g\u00f6ller meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u0131rmaklar yata\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karak yeni yerlerinde yataklar\u0131n\u0131 kazmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hasan \u0130pek Biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131n evrende belki hi\u00e7 dikkatini \u00e7ekmemi\u015f baz\u0131 kozmik olaylar vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n nas\u0131l ve nedenleri hakk\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmemi\u015f, astronomi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olabilir. Bunlardan birisi de biz d\u00fcnyal\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok yak\u0131ndan ilgilendiren G\u00fcne\u015f sisteminde meydana gelmi\u015f \u00f6nemli olaylardan birisidir. Bu kozmik olay\u0131n yaratm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu karga\u015fa G\u00fcne\u015f sisteminde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe yol a\u00e7arak sistemdeki \u00fc\u00e7 gezegende hem […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":429,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8002,38,535,510],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51999","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-210-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-forum","category-surekli-bolumler"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t