{"id":52657,"date":"2021-11-19T12:00:13","date_gmt":"2021-11-19T09:00:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=52657"},"modified":"2021-11-19T12:45:32","modified_gmt":"2021-11-19T09:45:32","slug":"mw4-9-buyuklugundeki-17-kasim-2021-duzce-depremi-neden-200-km-uzakta-kuvvetle-hissedildi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2021\/11\/19\/mw4-9-buyuklugundeki-17-kasim-2021-duzce-depremi-neden-200-km-uzakta-kuvvetle-hissedildi","title":{"rendered":"Mw:4.9 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki 17 Kas\u0131m 2021 D\u00fczce depremi neden 200 km uzakta kuvvetle hissedildi?"},"content":{"rendered":"

17 Kas\u0131m 2021 tarihinde yerel saatle 15:40\u2019da D\u00fczce \u0130li\u2019nin 11 km bat\u0131s\u0131nda hafif\/orta kuvvette bir deprem oldu. Deprem i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 deprem merkezleri taraf\u0131ndan rapor edilen sismik moment b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri s\u0131ras\u0131yla KRDAE 4.9, AFAD 5.0, CSEM 4.8 ve USGS 4.8 oldu<\/strong>. Depremin derinli\u011fi i\u00e7in verilen de\u011ferler ise s\u0131ras\u0131yla KRDAE 7 km, AFAD 18 km, CSEM 7 km ve USGS 7 km olarak rapor edildi (Tablo 1)<\/strong>.
\nDeprem odak (fay) mekanizmas\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc Kuzey Anadolu Fay Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n genel karakterine uygun sa\u011f y\u00f6nl\u00fc do\u011frultu at\u0131ml\u0131 bir fay\u0131n hareket etti\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. Deprem i\u00e7in rapor edilen konumu incelendi\u011fimde, deprem d\u0131\u015f merkezinin sismik moment b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Mw=7.4 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki 17 A\u011fustos 1999 depreminin olu\u015ftu\u011fu Kuzey Anadolu Fay Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u0130zmit ana par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n en do\u011fu ucundaki Karadere Fay\u0131 \u00fczerinde oldu\u011funu (Emre ve di\u011f., 2016), yani D\u00fczce Fay\u0131 ile Karadere Fay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n birle\u015fti\u011fi alanda oldu\u011funu anl\u0131yoruz (\u015eekil 1)<\/strong>. D\u00fczce Fay\u0131 12 Kas\u0131m 1999\u2019da Mw=7.2 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki depremin olu\u015ftu\u011fu fayd\u0131r ve Bolu \u0130li\u2019ne do\u011fru uzanmaktad\u0131r (\u015eekil 1)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Tablo 1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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\u015eekil 1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Sismik moment b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 4.9 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle orta\/hafif kuvvette bir deprem olarak \u00f6l\u00e7ekledi\u011fimiz 17 Kas\u0131m 2021 D\u00fczce depremi, \u0130stanbul ve Kocaeli\u2019nde olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f bir alanda hissedildi ve ilk anlarda sosyal medyada Marmara Denizi\u2019nde deprem oldu\u011fu \u015feklinde haberler dola\u015ft\u0131. Daha sonra deprem merkezlerinden gelen bilgilerden depremin D\u00fczce \u0130li\u2019ne yak\u0131n bir alanda oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Orta\/hafif kuvvette olan bu depremin \u0130stanbul\u2019un bir \u00e7ok il\u00e7esi dahil 200 km uzaktaki yerle\u015fim birimlerinde hissedildi\u011fine dair haberler medyada yer ald\u0131.<\/strong> CSEM deprem merkezinin WEB ve mobil cihazlardan gelen bilgilerden derleyerek olu\u015fturdu\u011fu depremin hissedilen \u015fiddetinin uzakl\u0131kla de\u011fi\u015fimi grafi\u011fini (\u015eekil 2)<\/strong> inceledi\u011fimde bu b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte bir deprem i\u00e7in 200 km uzaktaki \u0130stanbul il\u00e7elerinden \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u201cdepremi hissettik\u201d<\/strong> bilgisi gelmesi, depremin sismik dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n beklenenden daha \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fiddette geldi\u011fini anl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

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\u015eekil 2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

E\u011fer alg\u0131lamalar do\u011fruysa, 4.9 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir deprem acaba neden 200 km uzaktayken medyada haber olacak \u015fiddette hissedildi? Deprembilimde, bir depremi ayn\u0131 uzakl\u0131kta farkl\u0131 \u015fiddetlerle hissetmenin nedenleri olarak binan\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fini, yap\u0131 geometrisini, in\u015faat kalitesi, zemin kalitesini, zemin b\u00fcy\u00fctme katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve depremin olu\u015fumu s\u0131ras\u0131nda yerkabu\u011funun k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n etkilerini sayabiliriz. Acaba bu nedenlerden hangisi 4.9 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki D\u00fczce depreminin 200 km uzakta insanlar taraf\u0131ndan hissedilmesine neden olur?
\n<\/strong>Deprem merkezine en yak\u0131n ivme kay\u0131t istasyonu 7 km uzaktaki AFAD\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 TK8109 D\u00fczce Merkez \u0130stasyonu\u2019dur ve bu istasyonda KG y\u00f6n\u00fcnde en b\u00fcy\u00fck ivme (PGA) 331 cm\/sn2<\/sup> (0.33 g) de\u011ferine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu de\u011fer depremin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne oranla olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksektir.
\nLiterat\u00fcrde baz\u0131 orta kuvvetli depremlerin beklenenin \u00fczerinde yer hareketi \u015fiddeti olu\u015fturdu\u011funa dair \u00f6rnekler vard\u0131r (Sarah, 2020). Acaba 17 Kas\u0131m 2021 depremi bu t\u00fcr bir deprem midir? Bu durumu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in depremin \u00e7e\u015fitli uzakl\u0131klarda rapor edilen hissedilen \u015fiddet \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi ve AFAD\u2019\u0131n sahadaki deprem ivme \u015fiddeti \u00f6l\u00e7en kay\u0131tlar\u0131n analizini yapt\u0131m. Depremi kaydeden ve AFAD\u2019a ait olan 85 deprem istasyonunun rapor edilen yatay ve d\u00fc\u015fey maksimum ivme de\u011ferlerini uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n fonksiyonu olarak \u00e7izdim (\u015eekil 3)<\/strong>. Kale (2014)\u2019nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda saptad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 5.0 ve 6.0 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki deprem i\u00e7in hesaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 maksimum ivmenin (PGA) uzakl\u0131kla de\u011fi\u015fim fonksiyonunu \u015eekil 3<\/strong>\u2019deki grafik \u00fczerine \u00e7izdim.<\/p>\n

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\u015eekil 3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u015eekil 3\u2019deki grafikte mavi noktalar KG y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki PGA de\u011ferini, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 noktalar DB y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki PGA de\u011ferini ve ye\u015fil noktalar d\u00fc\u015fey y\u00f6nde PGA de\u011ferini g\u00f6sterir. Grafik \u00fczerine \u00e7izilen mavi ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkli e\u011fri \u00e7izgi, Kale (2014)\u2019nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda 5.0 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde (mavi \u00e7izgi) ve 6.0 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde (k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7izgi) depremlerin deprem merkezinden uzakl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak azal\u0131m\u0131 (so\u011furulma) g\u00f6sterir. D\u00fczce depremi \u00f6rne\u011finde g\u00f6zlenen de\u011ferler, hesaplanacak standart sapmalardan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011ferlere sahip gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. \u0130vme kay\u0131t\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan elde edilen verilerle haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m bu grafi\u011fi de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fimde 4.9 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki depremin, 5.5 ile 6.0 aras\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki bir depremin yaratabilece\u011fi oranda bir yer hareketi ivme \u015fiddeti olu\u015fturdu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde kanaatim olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.
\n17 Kas\u0131m 2021 tarihinde olan Mw=4.9 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki depremin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu y\u00fcksek yatay ivme de\u011ferleri bulgusunun, deprem tehlike belirleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ivmenin uzakl\u0131kla azal\u0131m ili\u015fkileri ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na etkisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6rnek oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekteyim.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar
\n<\/strong>– AFAD, https:\/\/deprem.afad.gov.tr\/depremdetay?eventID=512659
\n– CSEM, https:\/\/www.emsc-csem.org\/Earthquake\/earthquake.php?id=1063506#
\n– Emre, \u00d6., Duman, T.Y., \u00d6zalp, S., \u015earo\u011flu, F., Olgun, \u015e., Elmac\u0131, H. & \u00c7an, T., 2016. Active fault database of Turkey. Bull Earthq Bull Earthquake Eng. DOI 10.1007\/s10518-016-0041-2
\n-Kale, O\u0308., 2014. Practical Tools for Ranking and Selection of Ground-Motion Prediction Equations (GMPES) For Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment and Development of A Regional GMPE, A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Middle East Technical University, By in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Civil Engineering<\/em>, September 2014. 301 sayfa.
\n– KRDAE http:\/\/www.koeri.boun.edu.tr\/sismo\/2\/tr\/
\n– Sarah E. Minson, Annemarie S. Baltay, Elizabeth S. Cochran, Sara K. McBride, Kevin R. Milner, 2020. Shaking is Almost Always a Surprise: The Earthquakes That Produce Significant Ground Motion<\/strong>.<\/strong>\u00a0Seismological Research Letters<\/em>, 2020; DOI:\u00a010.1785\/0220200165
\n-USGS, https:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/earthquakes\/map\/?extent=11.95335,-132.27539&extent=57.84475,-57.74414<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

17 Kas\u0131m 2021 tarihinde yerel saatle 15:40\u2019da D\u00fczce \u0130li\u2019nin 11 km bat\u0131s\u0131nda hafif\/orta kuvvette bir deprem oldu. Deprem i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 deprem merkezleri taraf\u0131ndan rapor edilen sismik moment b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri s\u0131ras\u0131yla KRDAE 4.9, AFAD 5.0, CSEM 4.8 ve USGS 4.8 oldu. Depremin derinli\u011fi i\u00e7in verilen de\u011ferler ise s\u0131ras\u0131yla KRDAE 7 km, AFAD 18 km, CSEM 7 km […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":233,"featured_media":52662,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,232],"tags":[691,8062,7285],"class_list":["post-52657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","category-yerbilimleri","tag-deprem","tag-duzce-depremi","tag-prof-dr-haluk-eyidogan"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52657","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/233"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52657"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52657\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/52662"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52657"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52657"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52657"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}