{"id":53255,"date":"2021-12-31T00:00:51","date_gmt":"2021-12-30T21:00:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=53255"},"modified":"2021-12-30T22:20:50","modified_gmt":"2021-12-30T19:20:50","slug":"hayvanlardan-insanlara","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2021\/12\/31\/hayvanlardan-insanlara","title":{"rendered":"Hayvanlardan \u0130nsanlara\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n her bir zerresinin biz \u00e2demo\u011fluna hizmet i\u00e7in var oldu\u011funa inananlar\u0131n g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7a\u011fday\u0131z. Oysaki d\u00fcnyan\u0131n efendisi de\u011fil, \u00fczerindeki binlerce canl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcnden birinin \u00fcyeleriyiz yaln\u0131zca. O kadar par\u00e7as\u0131y\u0131z ki gezegenin, kurtlarla, ku\u015flarla, kedilerle, k\u00f6peklerle ve hatta s\u0131rtlanlarla benzer yanlar\u0131m\u0131z var. DNA\u2019m\u0131z\u0131n %95 benzerlik g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi orangutanlarla olan ortak paydam\u0131z kadar, belki daha da fazla, kambur balinalarla sosyal benzerlik g\u00f6stermemiz d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ve d\u00fcnyada ya\u015fayan canl\u0131lar\u0131n uyumuna dikkat \u00e7eken bir durum. Bu kitap da kral penguen Ursula, kambur balina Salt, benekli s\u0131rtlan Shrink ve gri kurt Slavc \u00fczerinden hemen hemen t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131n, yazarlar\u0131n \u201cDeli\u015fmenlik \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u201d olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ergenlik d\u00f6nemine dair detayl\u0131 bilgiler veriyor. \u00c7ocukluktan yeti\u015fkinli\u011fe ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in bireyin d\u00f6rt temel beceriyi edinmesi gerekti\u011fine i\u015faret ediyorlar: G\u00fcvende olma, sosyal hiyerar\u015fide y\u00f6n bulma, cinsel ileti\u015fim kurma ve yuvay\u0131 terk ettikten sonra ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7aresine bakma. Her bir beceriyi inceledikleri bir hayvan \u00fczerinden anlat\u0131yorlar.
\nKral penguen Ursula\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcvende olma yolculu\u011fuyla ba\u015fl\u0131yor ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm. Tabiatta g\u00fcvende olmak i\u00e7in cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, verimsizlik ve alarm \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 gibi y\u00f6ntemlerin hayvanlar taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 okumak hayvanlarla insanlar\u0131n benzer ve farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nlerini ayn\u0131 anda g\u00f6rmemizi sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Y\u0131ld\u0131rma y\u00f6nteminin insan toplumundaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n protesto y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri oldu\u011funu fark etmek g\u00fcl\u00fcmsetiyor. G\u00fcvende olma halinin \u00f6ncelikle tehlikelerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmakla ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli deneyler \u00fczerinden anlatan metin koruyucu ebeveynlik al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki okurlar i\u00e7in belki yeni bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 yaratabilir. Ursula yeti\u015fkinli\u011fe ad\u0131m atarken belki de ailesi \u015f\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu: \u201cHer \u015feyden \u00f6nce, gen\u00e7sin ve muhte\u015femsin ve gen\u00e7lik b\u00fct\u00fcn ilgiyi m\u0131knat\u0131s gibi \u00fczerine \u00e7eker. \u0130kincisi, saf ve korunmas\u0131zs\u0131n. Deneyimsizlik \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr, en \u00e7ok da yeni bir ortama girdi\u011fin zaman. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc se\u00e7me \u015fans\u0131n var. Ve son olarak, arkada\u015f edin.\u201d
\n\u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde benekli s\u0131rtlan Shrink\u2019in stat\u00fc sorunuyla ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 okuyoruz. Yaban hayvanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda nepotizmin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek, insan\u0131n kendini istedi\u011fi kadar \u201c\u00fcst\u00fcn\u201d konumland\u0131rmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z bir \u015fekilde do\u011fan\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Sosyal yenilgi denen kavramla bir kez yenilenin sonraki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda da yenilmeye daha yatk\u0131n oldu\u011funu, kaybedenlerin de bir \u00e7e\u015fit \u00f6\u011frenilmi\u015f \u00e7aresizlikle boyun e\u011fdiklerini\u2026 Benekli s\u0131rtlanlar \u00fczerinden zorbal\u0131\u011fa da g\u00f6z atan bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm, ortaokul \u2013 lise y\u0131llar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan akran zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131msat\u0131yor. Hayvanlar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemenin insano\u011flunun sosyal davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 izlemek i\u00e7in bu kadar uygun olaca\u011f\u0131 kimin akl\u0131na gelirdi?
\n\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde kambur balina Salt\u2019\u0131n cinsellik maceras\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131rken dikkat \u00e7eken ufak ama \u00f6nemli bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131: \u201cSeks kolayd\u0131r, a\u015fksa zor.\u201d Tierra del Fuego\u2019da ya\u015fayan Yaghan halk\u0131n\u0131n \u201cayn\u0131 \u015feyi yapmak isteyen ama ilk ad\u0131m\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n atmas\u0131n\u0131 bekleyen ve nas\u0131l ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmeyen iki ki\u015fi aras\u0131ndaki bak\u0131\u015fma\u201dya mamihlapinatapai<\/em> dediklerinden bahsediliyor kitapta. Karma\u015f\u0131k bir durum i\u00e7in zor ama kapsam\u0131n\u0131 tamamen anlatan g\u00fczel bir ifade. Gen\u00e7lik y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131 gibi bir \u015fey neredeyse! Kar\u015f\u0131 cinse a\u015fk \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen Salt, ilk gen\u00e7likte doldurulan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k kaset<\/em>lerden habersiz olsa da biz art\u0131k baz\u0131 ger\u00e7ekleri biliyoruz, Deli\u015fmenlik \u00c7a\u011f\u0131<\/em> sayesinde elbette\u2026 Salt\u2019\u0131n cinselli\u011fi ke\u015ffini incelerken hayvanlar \u00e2leminin de cinsel zorbal\u0131ktan, tacizden, tecav\u00fczden uzak olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anl\u0131yoruz. Ama yaz\u0131k ki bu konuda hayvanlardan geride oldu\u011fumuz da a\u015fik\u00e2r. \u201cHayvanlar \u201cevet\u201d, \u201chay\u0131r\u201d ve \u201cemin de\u011filim\u201d sinyallerini tan\u0131makla kalmaz, genellikle anlar ve bu mesajlara \u201csayg\u0131 duyarlar\u201d.\u201d diyor yazarlar. \u0130nsano\u011flunu ise biliyoruz\u2026
\nD\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ve son b\u00f6l\u00fcm, Gri kurt Slavc\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc: \u201ckendine yeterlik\u201d. Yuvadan ayr\u0131l\u0131p kendine yeni bir ev, yeni bir hayat kurmak isteyen gri kurt Slavc ve talihsiz da\u011f aslan\u0131 PJ\u2019nin maceralar\u0131na tan\u0131kl\u0131k ediyoruz bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde. \u0130lk anda vah\u015fi do\u011fada hayatta kalma d\u00fcsturundan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc bize uzak gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, insan\u0131n kendi ba\u015f\u0131na hayat\u0131n\u0131 kurmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok ufuk a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131 gizliyor. \u00c7ocuklu\u011fumuzdan itibaren bize verilen, ancak \u015fimdinin helikopter anne \u2013 babalar\u0131n\u0131n akl\u0131na bile gelmeyen, baz\u0131 g\u00f6rev ve sorumluluklar\u0131n yaban hayatta ergenli\u011fe ilerleyen yavrular\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na gelenden pek fark\u0131 yok: \u201c\u00c7\u00f6p\u00fc at, yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131 topla, sofray\u0131 kur\u201d yerine \u201cava beraber \u00e7\u0131k, yuvay\u0131 temizle, erzak topla\u201d.
\nBarbara Natterson-Horowitz, Kathryn Bowers\u2019\u0131n yo\u011fun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 kitap, zengin kaynak\u00e7as\u0131 ve bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 keyifle okunur hale getirmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131. Tabii anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve d\u00fczg\u00fcn terc\u00fcmesi ile \u00e7evirmen \u015eiirsel Ta\u015f\u2019\u0131n da pay\u0131 yads\u0131namaz. Kitab\u0131n temel mesaj\u0131 da sonunda kendini g\u00f6stermi\u015f: \u201cOlgunluk, edinilen beceri ve tecr\u00fcbelerin, deli\u015fmenlik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rt temel s\u0131nav\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erek kazan\u0131lan yetkinliklerin toplam\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d
\nDeli\u015fmenlik \u00c7a\u011f\u0131, Ergenlikten Eri\u015fkinli\u011fe \u0130nsanlar\u0131n ve Di\u011fer Hayvanlar\u0131n Destans\u0131 Yolculu\u011fu, Barbara Natterson-Horowitz, Kathryn Bowers, \u00c7ev. \u015eiirsel Ta\u015f, Metis Kitap, 2021, 352 s.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n her bir zerresinin biz \u00e2demo\u011fluna hizmet i\u00e7in var oldu\u011funa inananlar\u0131n g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7a\u011fday\u0131z. Oysaki d\u00fcnyan\u0131n efendisi de\u011fil, \u00fczerindeki binlerce canl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcnden birinin \u00fcyeleriyiz yaln\u0131zca. O kadar par\u00e7as\u0131y\u0131z ki gezegenin, kurtlarla, ku\u015flarla, kedilerle, k\u00f6peklerle ve hatta s\u0131rtlanlarla benzer yanlar\u0131m\u0131z var. DNA\u2019m\u0131z\u0131n %95 benzerlik g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi orangutanlarla olan ortak paydam\u0131z kadar, belki daha da fazla, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":742,"featured_media":53256,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8120,38,513,510,511],"tags":[8143,8144,4505],"class_list":["post-53255","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-213-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-kitapcil","category-surekli-bolumler","category-yayin-dunyasi","tag-delismenlik-cagi","tag-ergenlikten-eriskinlige-insanlarin-ve-diger-hayvanlarin-destansi-yolculugu","tag-metis-kitap"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t