{"id":53320,"date":"2022-01-03T17:55:37","date_gmt":"2022-01-03T14:55:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=53320"},"modified":"2022-01-07T02:32:51","modified_gmt":"2022-01-06T23:32:51","slug":"unlu-paleoantropolog-richard-leakeyi-kaybettik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2022\/01\/03\/unlu-paleoantropolog-richard-leakeyi-kaybettik","title":{"rendered":"\u00dcnl\u00fc paleoantropolog Richard Leakey’i kaybettik"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve ke\u015fiflerle bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ad\u0131n\u0131 alt\u0131n harflerle yazd\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, ayn\u0131 zamanda yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 avc\u0131l\u0131k ve fil di\u015fi ticaretine kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyle dikkatleri \u00fczerine toplayan paleoantropolog Richard Leakey, 77 ya\u015f\u0131nda memleketi Kenya’n\u0131n Nairobi kentinde hayata g\u00f6zlerini yumdu. Leakey \u00f6zellikle insan evriminin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u00fcreci Do\u011fu Afrika ovalar\u0131na ba\u011flayan \u00f6nemli bir bulgu olan, neredeyse eksiksiz bir Homo erectus<\/em> iskeleti fosilinin ke\u015ffiyle, y\u0131lar boyunca fil di\u015fi ticaretine kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kampanyalarla ve fillerin do\u011fal hayat\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7abalarla tan\u0131nmaktayd\u0131. Bu kampanyalar\u0131n birinde Kenya’da ele ge\u00e7irilen y\u00fczlerce fil di\u015fini toplay\u0131p yakmas\u0131 \u00e7ok konu\u015fulmu\u015ftu.
\nRichard Leakey’in vefat\u0131, Kenya Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Uhuru Kenyatta taraf\u0131ndan “\u00c7ok derin bir ac\u0131 ve \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc getiren haber” olarak duyuruldu. Kenya’yla birlikte bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 da yasa bo\u011fan bu geli\u015fme sonras\u0131 yaban hayat\u0131 koruma derneklerinden ve Dr. Leakey’in emeklerinin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi t\u00fcm kurumlardan taziye mesajlar\u0131 gelmeye devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihini \u015fekillendiren ke\u015fifler<\/strong>
\n19 Aral\u0131k 1944 tarihinde Kenya’n\u0131n Nairobi kentinde d\u00fcnyaya gelen Richard Leakey, daha 23 ya\u015f\u0131nda National Geographic Toplulu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan verilen bir burs ile Kuzey Kenya’da bulunan Turkana G\u00f6l\u00fc’n\u00fcn k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ilk kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131. Akademik bir e\u011fitim almam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc paleoantropologlar olan anne-babas\u0131n\u0131n da etkisiyle paleoantropolojinin d\u00fcnyas\u0131na “alayl\u0131” olarak kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 denilebilir.
\nRichard Leakey’in babas\u0131 Louis Leakey ve annesi Mary Leakey, paleoantropoloji alan\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle insan\u0131n k\u00f6kenini ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan fosil kaz\u0131lar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kilit isimlerdi. Louis Leakey, Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi’ndeki antropoloji ve arkeoloji e\u011fitiminin ard\u0131ndan Do\u011fu Afrika’da kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaz\u0131larla paleoantropoloji alan\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131lar sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f bir biliminsan\u0131yd\u0131. Kendisi kimi a\u00e7\u0131lardan modern paleoantropoloji alan\u0131n\u0131n temel ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 dizmi\u015ftir denilebilir. E\u015fi Mary Leakey de Louis Leakey’in i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu her kaz\u0131da yer alm\u0131\u015f bir paleoantropologdu, Louis Leakey’in elde etti\u011fi her bulguda Mary Leakey’in parma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu teredd\u00fcts\u00fcz s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bu sebeple Richard Leakey, bir akademik e\u011fitim arka plan\u0131na sahip olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kendisine sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015f bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 sayesinde paleoantropoloji alan\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli isimlerinden oldu. Ayr\u0131ca Richard Leakey’in ikinci ve son e\u015fi Meave Leakey ve k\u0131zlar\u0131 Louise Leakey de paleoantropologtur; hatta Louise Leakey bir insan\u0131ms\u0131 fosili ke\u015ffeden \u015fu ana kadar belgelenmi\u015f en gen\u00e7 ki\u015fi olarak tarihe ismini yazd\u0131rd\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu durum a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a Leakey ailesinin fertlerinin nesiller boyu paleoantropolojiye yapt\u0131klar\u0131 -ve halen yapmakta olduklar\u0131- katk\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor. Paleoantropoloji ve bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131 Leakey ailesine \u00e7ok \u015fey bor\u00e7lu.
\nDr. Richard Leakey’in kaz\u0131lar\u0131 insanl\u0131k tarihini derin \u0131\u015f\u0131klarla ayd\u0131nlatt\u0131. 1972 y\u0131l\u0131nda ke\u015ffetti\u011fi 1.9 milyon y\u0131ll\u0131k Homo habilis<\/em> fosiliyle 1975 y\u0131l\u0131nda ke\u015ffetti\u011fi Homo erectus<\/em> kafatas\u0131, insan evriminin k\u00f6kenleri \u00fczerine yeni bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesine b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu iki \u00f6nemli ke\u015fif o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck ses getirdi ki, d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc<\/p>\n

\"\"
Richard Leakey, Time dergisinin kapa\u011f\u0131nda<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Time dergisi 1977 y\u0131l\u0131nda Richard Leakey’i “How Man Became Man? (\u0130nsan Nas\u0131l \u0130nsan Oldu?)” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kapak yapt\u0131. Bu kapakta, Dr. Leakey’in buldu\u011fu Homo habilis<\/em> kafatas\u0131 sayesinde olu\u015fturulan ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygun fig\u00fcrle yan yana ikonik bir poz vermekte.
\nYapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ke\u015fifler neticesinde \u015f\u00f6hreti artmaya ba\u015flayan Richard Leakey, 1981 y\u0131l\u0131nda BBC’nin 7 b\u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fck “Making of Manking” belgeselini seslendirdi. Bu s\u0131rada kendisinin en \u00f6nemli ke\u015ffi olan “Turkana Boy” ismindeki neredeyse tamamen eksiksiz bir Homo erectus<\/em> iskeletini ke\u015ffetti. Bu fosil, halen Homo erectus<\/em>‘a dair insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n elindeki en \u00f6nemli bulgulardan biri.<\/p>\n

Ka\u00e7ak avlanmayla m\u00fccadele dolu bir hayat<\/strong>
\nDr. Leakey, \u00f6zellikle Kenya’da soyu t\u00fckenme tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olan fillerin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in sesi en g\u00fcr \u00e7\u0131kan insanlardan oldu. 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kenya devletinin vah\u015fi hayat\u0131 koruma kurumunun ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7mesinin ard\u0131ndan, d\u00f6nemin Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan koruculara, yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 avc\u0131l\u0131k yapan ki\u015filere su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda herhangi bir uyar\u0131 veya \u00f6zre yer b\u0131rakmadan, tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 “vur ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr” emrinin verilmesinde rol oynayanlar aras\u0131ndayd\u0131.\u00a0 Bu derece tutkuyla yaban hayat\u0131 savunan biri tahmin etti\u011finiz \u00fczere olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015fman \u00e7ekmeyi de ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Financial Times<\/em>‘e 90l\u0131 y\u0131llarda “D\u00fczenli olarak \u00e7ok ciddi \u00f6l\u00fcm tehditleri ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m i\u00e7in evimin kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde Libya ordusu mensuplar\u0131 n\u00f6bet tutuyor.” der. Bu d\u00f6nem, b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u0131l boyunca ele ge\u00e7irilen t\u00fcm fil di\u015flerinin halka a\u00e7\u0131k bir etkinlikle yak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu “g\u00f6steri” o d\u00f6nem fil di\u015fi ticaretine at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yumru\u011fun zafer sembol\u00fc oldu. T\u00fcm bu g\u00fczel geli\u015fmelerin yan\u0131nda 1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda, seyahat etti\u011fi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck u\u00e7ak ar\u0131zalan\u0131p d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Richard Leakey, bu feci kazadan ancak iki baca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da kaybederek kurtulmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131 fakat bu ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tecr\u00fcbe kendisini m\u00fccadelelerinden al\u0131koymay\u0131 ba\u015faramad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Richard Leakey, Kenya’da ka\u00e7ak avc\u0131lardan ele ge\u00e7irilen fil di\u015flerini yakarken. Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bu s\u0131rada pek \u00e7ok uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7evre koruma \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc Kenya’ya yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 durdurmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc devlet kurumlar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan yolsuzluklar, bu dernek ve vak\u0131flar\u0131n g\u00f6nderdikleri paralar\u0131n ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten yaban hayat\u0131 korumaya harcand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yakalamalar\u0131n\u0131 engellemekteydi.
\n1990l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Kenya\u00a0 devlet kurumlar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan derin yolsuzluklarla m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in bir d\u00f6nem siyasete de at\u0131lan Dr. Leakey, Kenya’n\u0131n yerel halk\u0131n\u0131n dili olan Swahili’de “Nuh’un Gemisi”ni tasvir etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan “Safina” ad\u0131nda bir siyasi parti kurdu. Partinin amac\u0131 Kenya kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 kanser eden yolsuzluk sarmal\u0131yla m\u00fccadele edip yaban hayat\u0131 korumakt\u0131. M\u00fccadele etmek istedi\u011fi “canavar”\u0131n ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011funu anlamas\u0131yla, iki y\u0131ll\u0131k siyaset hayat\u0131 da sonland\u0131.
\n2000li y\u0131llarda Richard Leakey, Kenya Ulusal M\u00fczesinin uzun y\u0131llar direkt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131 ve 2015’te tekrardan eski efsanevi g\u00f6revi olan yaban hayat\u0131 koruma servisine geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. \u00dc\u00e7 y\u0131l boyunca yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu g\u00f6reviyse bu sefer sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 sekteye u\u011fratt\u0131. Dr. Leakey, \u00f6zellikle son y\u0131llarda cilt kanseriyle birlikte b\u00f6brek rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131yla bo\u011fu\u015fmaktayd\u0131.
\nT\u00fcm yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ve ya\u015fam\u0131n her alan\u0131na katk\u0131lar\u0131yla say\u0131s\u0131z ki\u015fiye ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 olan, say\u0131s\u0131z canl\u0131n\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 kurtaran Richard Leakey, uzunca s\u00fcre haf\u0131zalardan silinmeyecek. Bilim ve Gelecek ailesi olarak kendisini an\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve ke\u015fiflerle bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ad\u0131n\u0131 alt\u0131n harflerle yazd\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, ayn\u0131 zamanda yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 avc\u0131l\u0131k ve fil di\u015fi ticaretine kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyle dikkatleri \u00fczerine toplayan paleoantropolog Richard Leakey, 77 ya\u015f\u0131nda memleketi Kenya’n\u0131n Nairobi kentinde hayata g\u00f6zlerini yumdu. Leakey \u00f6zellikle insan evriminin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u00fcreci Do\u011fu Afrika ovalar\u0131na ba\u011flayan \u00f6nemli bir bulgu olan, neredeyse eksiksiz bir Homo erectus […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":512,"featured_media":53330,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[211,20,19,32,4419],"tags":[200,239,353,8159],"class_list":["post-53320","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-antropoloji","category-arkeoloji","category-bilim-gundemi","category-evrim","category-paleontoloji","tag-evrim","tag-fosiller","tag-paleoantropoloji","tag-richard-leakey"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53320","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/512"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53320"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53320\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/53330"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53320"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53320"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53320"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}