\nD\u00fcnya, Koronavir\u00fcs pandemisiyle dolu iki koca y\u0131l ge\u00e7irdi. Pandeminin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlardan bug\u00fcne kadar geli\u015ftirilen a\u015f\u0131lar ve m\u00fccadele y\u00f6ntemleri sayesinde s\u00fcre\u00e7 art\u0131k umutsuz g\u00f6r\u00fcnmese de, t\u00fcnelin sonundaki \u0131\u015f\u0131k halen net bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f de\u011fil ya da t\u00fcnelin ucundaki \u0131\u015f\u0131k hen\u00fcz \u00e7ok yak\u0131n de\u011fil diyelim. 2021 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Omikron varyant\u0131<\/a>, \u015fu ana kadar g\u00f6r\u00fclen en h\u0131zl\u0131 yay\u0131lan varyant oldu. 2022 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131nda da d\u00fcnyadaki sa\u011fl\u0131k otoriteleri Omikron varyant\u0131n\u0131n bask\u0131n varyant olmaya devam edece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar. Erken d\u00f6nem ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/a> a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n Omikron varyana kar\u015f\u0131 daha az etkili oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi\u011finden D\u00fcnya’da a\u015f\u0131lanan bireylere hat\u0131rlatma dozlar\u0131 da uygulanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 boyunca muhtemelen daha uzun vadeli ve netle\u015fen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. \u00d6zellikle Omikron varyant\u0131n\u0131n daha detayl\u0131 belirtileriyle etkilerini kavramak gelecekte m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir ve b\u00f6ylece bu varyanta kar\u015f\u0131 da daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc m\u00fccadele etme y\u00f6ntemleri geli\u015ftirilebilir.<\/p>\n
Yeni a\u015f\u0131lar<\/strong> Fizik zenginli\u011fi<\/strong> Ay g\u00f6revleri<\/strong> Mars ve Y\u0131ld\u0131zlara<\/strong> \u00c7in, kendi uzay istasyonu Tiangong’u in\u015faata devam ediyor ve daha \u015fimdiden istasyonda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 1000’den fazla deney ba\u015fvurusu al\u0131nd\u0131. Deneylerin i\u00e7eri\u011fi mikro k\u00fctle\u00e7ekiminden kozmik radyasyona ve bakterilerin uzayda b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine kadar uzuyor.<\/p>\n K\u00fcresel iklim kriziyle m\u00fccadele<\/strong> Biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi kurtarma ad\u0131mlar\u0131<\/strong>
\nHer ne kadar BioNTech, Moderna, Johnson&Johnson, AstraZeneca, Sinovac ve Sputnik a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131yla d\u00fcnya koronavir\u00fcsle m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck yollar kat etse de, yeni a\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftiren labarotuvarlar gece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz demeden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam ediyorlar. Yerli a\u015f\u0131 TURCOVAC, faz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 bitirdi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi ancak hen\u00fcz resmi bir yay\u0131n haline getirilmedi<\/a>. 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda D\u00fcnya’ya damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuraca\u011fa benzeyen a\u015f\u0131, ABD’nin Teksas Eyaleti’nde geli\u015ftirilen Corbevax a\u015f\u0131s\u0131. Hen\u00fcz nihai faz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131lmayan a\u015f\u0131y\u0131 geli\u015ftirenler, herhangi bir patent almayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131y\u0131 olabildi\u011fince fazla geni\u015f kitleye ula\u015f\u0131labilir k\u0131lmay\u0131 planlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar.
\nA\u015f\u0131 teknolojilerindeki at\u0131l\u0131mlar ve bu alanlarda yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar, \u00f6zellikle mRNA a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131<\/a> \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ilerletmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Yak\u0131n gelecekte HIV ve s\u0131tma gibi hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 da a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n
\nT\u0131ptan ve zaten halihaz\u0131rda hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n en i\u00e7ine i\u015flemi\u015f olan hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 geride b\u0131rak\u0131rsak,\u00a0 \u00f6zellikle fizik alan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. \u00d6ncelikle birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r uzunca tadilatlara maruz kalan CERN, bu y\u0131l tekrar deneylere ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/a> B\u00fcy\u00fck Hadron \u00c7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na(LHC) ait ATLAS ve CMS deneyleri, yeni alg\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n sisteme eklenmesiyle art\u0131k daha hassas \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler yapabilecek. LHC, \u015fu anki g\u00fcncel yap\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 her saniye 50 milyon proton \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilecek.
\nOrtakla\u015fa bir \u015fekilde tadilata al\u0131nan ve sistemlerine g\u00fcncellemeler getirilen d\u00f6rt k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel dalga detekt\u00f6r\u00fc 2022 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda yeniden g\u00f6revlerine ba\u015flayacaklar.
\nABD’de bulunan Michigan Devlet \u00dcniversitesi’ne ait, \u00e7e\u015fitli malzemeleri nadir izotoplarla bombard\u0131man edebilecek \u00f6zel bir tesisi 2022 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda i\u015fleme sokacak. 730 milyon Dolar mal olan tesis, \u00f6zellikle s\u00fcpernova patlamalar\u0131n\u0131 ve n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok kritik.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/d41586-021-03772-0_19962234-300x200.jpg\")
\n\u00c7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerden bir filo dolusu uzay arac\u0131, bu y\u0131l i\u00e7inde Ay’a yolculuk i\u00e7in yola koyulmu\u015f olacak. \u0130lk olarak NASA’ya ait Artemis I<\/a> uzay arac\u0131, uzun vadede yap\u0131lacak insanl\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015f i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yapmaya devam edecek. Hindistan\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ay g\u00f6revi Chandrayaan-3, Hindistan’\u0131n Ay’a yumu\u015fak ini\u015f yapmay\u0131 hedefleyen ilk uzay arac\u0131. Ay’a ini\u015f yapmay\u0131 bu y\u0131lki hedefleri aras\u0131na koyan tek \u00fclke Hindistan da de\u011fil; Japonya da SLIM<\/a> ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi Ay g\u00f6revinin takvimine g\u00f6re bu y\u0131l i\u00e7inde Ay’a ilk yumu\u015fak ini\u015fi yapmay\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yor. Rusya da \u00fcretti\u011fi Luna 25 sondas\u0131<\/a> ile Sovyetler d\u00f6nemine ait g\u00f6rkemi yeniden canland\u0131rma hedefinde. Kore de 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda Ay g\u00f6revi ve sondas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu.
\n\u00d6zel sekt\u00f6re bakarsak da, Tokyo merkezli ispace<\/em> \u015firketi, Birle\u015fik Arap Emirliklerine ait Rashid Ay sondas\u0131n\u0131 Ay y\u00f6r\u00fcngesine ta\u015f\u0131yacak. Ayn\u0131 zamanda 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan ABD merkezli iki yeni uzay \u015firketinin, ABD i\u00e7inde halihaz\u0131rda var olan uzay ve havac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki so\u011fuk sava\u015f\u0131 k\u0131z\u0131\u015ft\u0131raca\u011fa benziyor. Pittsburgh’daki Astrobotik Technology<\/em> ve Houston’daki Intuitive Machines<\/em>, NASA’n\u0131n Ay g\u00f6revlerine destek olmaya adaylar.
\nG\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere Ay’a ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in neredeyse bir yar\u0131\u015f s\u00f6z konusu. Kimi bilim yay\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131 bu geli\u015fmelere, zaman\u0131nda ABD’nin Bat\u0131 yakas\u0131ndaki k\u0131ymetli topraklara yap\u0131lan g\u00f6\u00e7men ak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131na verilen “Gold Rush” ismine at\u0131f yaparak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc “Moon Rush” d\u00f6nemi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n
\nBir ba\u015fka dev uzay projesi, Rusya ve Avrupa ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ExoMars<\/em> program\u0131. 2022 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda ba\u015flamas\u0131 planlanan ExoMars, <\/em>Avrupa Uzay Ajans\u0131na(ESA) ait, Mars’ta ge\u00e7mi\u015f zamanda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ya\u015fam olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131racak olan Rosalind Franklin sondas\u0131n\u0131 Mars’a ta\u015f\u0131yacak. F\u0131rlat\u0131l\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in esasen 2020 y\u0131l\u0131 hedefleniyordu ancak pandemi projenin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sekteye u\u011fratt\u0131 ve sonday\u0131 Mars y\u00fczeyine g\u00fcvenle indirecek para\u015f\u00fctlerle ilgili ya\u015fanan g\u00fcvenlik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 sebebiyle ertelendi.<\/p>\n
\nGe\u00e7en y\u0131l Galler’in Glasgow kentinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen K\u00fcresel \u0130klim Zirvesinin bu konuda yap\u0131lan m\u00fccadelelere yeni bir ivme kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak olan K\u00fcresel \u0130klim Zirvesinin Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n Sharm El-Sheikh kentinde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 planlan\u0131yor. 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnya g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan imzalanan Paris \u0130klim S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 2 santigrat derecenin alt\u0131nda tutmay\u0131 hedefliyor, T\u00fcrkiye de imzac\u0131 \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda yerini ald\u0131. Pandemi sebebiyle 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyadaki Karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131mlar\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f meydana gelirken, kontroll\u00fc normalle\u015fme ad\u0131mlar\u0131 sebebiyle Karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131mlar\u0131 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeniden art\u0131\u015f trendine girmi\u015fti<\/a>.<\/p>\n
\nD\u00fcnya devletleri, k\u00fcresel biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin h\u0131zla azal\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 durdurma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ad\u0131mlar atmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda belirlenen Aichi Biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik Hedefleri, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 hedefleyen 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir pland\u0131 ancak hedefler \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fclke taraf\u0131ndan tutturulamad\u0131. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik Kongresi<\/a> bu y\u0131l 25 Nisan 8 May\u0131s aras\u0131 \u00c7in’in Kunming kentinde d\u00fczenlenecek e\u011fer Kovid-19 sebepli ertelemeler ya\u015fanmazsa. D\u00fcnya’daki canl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, \u00f6zellikle 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00e7ok yo\u011fun bir bi\u00e7imde habitat kayb\u0131 tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya. Tar\u0131m alan\u0131 yap\u0131lmak i\u00e7in yak\u0131lan ormanlar, imara a\u00e7\u0131lan S\u0130T alanlar\u0131 gibi \u00e7evre geli\u015fmeleri, do\u011fal hayat ve biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck tehlikeler.<\/p>\n