1721 y\u0131l\u0131nda Norve\u00e7’li bir misyoner, Viking atalar\u0131n\u0131 Protestanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hakikat yoluna davet etmek i\u00e7in Gr\u00f6nland’a yelken a\u00e7ar. Vard\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaysa, rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fey 300 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine ait kal\u0131nt\u0131lard\u0131r. Vikinglerin Gr\u00f6nland’\u0131 ni\u00e7in terk ettiklerine dair hi\u00e7bir belgemiz yok fakat Gr\u00f6nland’\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131 kesimindeki su seviyesini inceleyen yeni bir sim\u00fclasyon bu soruya yan\u0131t sunabilir. 16 Aral\u0131kta Amerikan Jeoloji Toplulu\u011funun New Orleans’taki konferans\u0131nda sunulan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, tam da Vikinglerin Gr\u00f6nland’\u0131 terk etti\u011fi s\u0131rada k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridinde radikal bir su art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklik, verimli tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131 dayok etmi\u015f olmal\u0131 ve bu da b\u00f6lgedeki Nordik k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn yok olmas\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n
Gr\u00f6nland, Vikingler taraf\u0131ndan ilk kez 985 y\u0131l\u0131nda, K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Erik’in 14 gemisiyle birlikte aday\u0131 ke\u015ffetmesiyle kolonize edilmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Erik, takip\u00e7ileriyle birlikte \u0130zlanda’dan s\u00fcrg\u00fcne yolland\u0131 ve ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n getirdi\u011fi bir yolculuk s\u0131ras\u0131nda Gr\u00f6nland’\u0131 ke\u015ffetti. Erik ve kavmi, uzunca y\u0131llar boyunca G\u00fcney Gr\u00f6nland’daki ba\u015fkentlerinden yola \u00e7\u0131karak Avrupa’n\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131 yerle\u015fimlerine ya\u011fmalar yapt\u0131lar. Ya\u011fmalara ek olarak b\u00f6lgedeki Nordik n\u00fcfusun k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, ilkel tar\u0131m ve avc\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 da biliniyor. \u00d6zellikle derileri ve di\u015fleri i\u00e7in deniz aslanlar\u0131n\u0131 avlay\u0131p, bunlar\u0131 merkez Avrupa’daki kiliselerle alt\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 takas etti\u011fi biliniyor.<\/p>\n
Gr\u00f6nland’a g\u00f6\u00e7menler, “Medieval Warm Period” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Avrupa ve Gr\u00f6nland’\u0131 da kapsayang geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lgede 1350 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar s\u00fcren k\u00fcresel bir iklim olay\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca bu b\u00f6lgelerde hava g\u00f6rece s\u0131cak seyretmi\u015f ve pek az dondurucu so\u011fuk g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Hemen akabinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ve yine Avrupa ile Gr\u00f6nland’\u0131 etkisi alt\u0131na alan K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Buz \u00c7a\u011f\u0131, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar bu b\u00f6lgelerde normalde g\u00f6r\u00fclenin \u00e7ok alt\u0131nda s\u0131cakl\u0131klar ya\u015fanmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar uzunca s\u00fcre bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck buz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Gr\u00f6nland’daki kolonizasyonu sona erdirdi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015flerdir.
\nD\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n, tar\u0131m\u0131 ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 yan\u0131nda Gr\u00f6nland’daki buz tabakas\u0131n\u0131 da artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor ve bunun da suyun seviyesini artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor. Bu durumun iki sebebi var: Birincisi, buz a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131r. Buzun kendi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 karay\u0131 olu\u015fturan yap\u0131\u0131 suya do\u011fru iter ve su seviyelerini artt\u0131r\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla buz k\u00fctlesi b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e kara par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 suyun i\u00e7ine iter. \u0130kinci sebepse yer\u00e7ekimidir. Buz tabakas\u0131, suya yak\u0131n olduk\u00e7a yere do\u011fru bir \u00e7ekim kuvveti hissederler. \u00dcstelik buz k\u00fctlesi a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a daha da a\u011f\u0131r bir \u00e7ekimle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131r.
\n\u0130\u015fte tam bu s\u00fcreci bu iki parametreyle birlikte sim\u00fcle ederek yeniden canland\u0131ran ekip, Vikinglerin aday\u0131 terk etti\u011fi s\u0131rada adan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda dev sel bask\u0131nlar\u0131 ve k\u0131tl\u0131k oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. \u00d6yle ki, eskiden da\u011fl\u0131k tepelik olan b\u00f6lgeler bir s\u00fcre sonra adac\u0131klar haline geldi.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, Vikinglerin ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131na benzer bir iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi etkisi ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. Buzullar\u0131n erimesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak deniz seviyesi art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n da gezegenimizin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda sel bask\u0131nlar\u0131na neden olaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu t\u00fcr bir deniz seviyesi art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Gr\u00f6nland’da 14. ve 15. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmekte. Bu deniz seviyesi art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n da ya\u015famay\u0131 olanaks\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.
\nDaha \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, Vikinglerin de\u011fi\u015fen ko\u015fullara -daha so\u011fuk iklime- uyum sa\u011flayamam\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fi fikri \u00fczerinde dururken, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yapan ekibe g\u00f6re Nordik ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131 benimseyen insanlar i\u00e7in bu \u00e7ok kabul edilebilecek bir bahane de\u011fil. Ayr\u0131ca pek \u00e7ok arkeolojik delil, Nordik topluluklar\u0131n, hi\u00e7 tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k olmadan sadece deniz \u00fcr\u00fcnleriyle beslenerek hayatta kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6steriyor. Vikingler, ya\u015faman\u0131n imkans\u0131zla\u015faca\u011f\u0131 bir alt ko\u015ful ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131 ki kavimler topyek\u00fcn bir halde aday\u0131 terk etsin. Yava\u015f de\u011fi\u015fen iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131na toplumlar kolayca uyum sa\u011flayabiliyor fakat \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 ya\u015fanan de\u011fi\u015fimlere ne yaz\u0131k ki uyum sa\u011flamak \u00e7ok zor.
\nGr\u00f6nland’daki Viking yerle\u015fimlerine ait son yaz\u0131l\u0131 kay\u0131t, \u0130zlanda’ya Gr\u00f6nland’dan g\u00f6\u00e7 edip, \u0130zlanda’da yeni bir tar\u0131m arazisi sat\u0131n alan \u00e7ifte ait. 1408 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130zlanda otoritelerine evliliklerini onaylatan \u00e7ift, resmen \u0130zlanda’ya g\u00f6\u00e7 edip Gr\u00f6nland’dan getirdikleri parayla orada tar\u0131m arazisi alm\u0131\u015flar. Elde etti\u011fimiz, bir Gr\u00f6nland’l\u0131ya ait son yaz\u0131l\u0131 delil bu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1721 y\u0131l\u0131nda Norve\u00e7’li bir misyoner, Viking atalar\u0131n\u0131 Protestanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hakikat yoluna davet etmek i\u00e7in Gr\u00f6nland’a yelken a\u00e7ar. Vard\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaysa, rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fey 300 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine ait kal\u0131nt\u0131lard\u0131r. Vikinglerin Gr\u00f6nland’\u0131 ni\u00e7in terk ettiklerine dair hi\u00e7bir belgemiz yok fakat Gr\u00f6nland’\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131 kesimindeki su seviyesini inceleyen yeni bir sim\u00fclasyon bu soruya yan\u0131t sunabilir. 16 Aral\u0131kta Amerikan Jeoloji Toplulu\u011funun New Orleans’taki konferans\u0131nda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":512,"featured_media":53418,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[211,20,19],"tags":[4403,309,2897],"class_list":["post-53417","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-antropoloji","category-arkeoloji","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-gronland","tag-iklim-degisikligi","tag-vikingler"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53417","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/512"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53417"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53417\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/53418"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53417"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53417"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53417"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}