{"id":53595,"date":"2022-02-01T00:17:24","date_gmt":"2022-01-31T21:17:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=53595"},"modified":"2022-02-01T00:36:41","modified_gmt":"2022-01-31T21:36:41","slug":"transkripsiyon-layt-ve-lakin-tayyare-tayt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2022\/02\/01\/transkripsiyon-layt-ve-lakin-tayyare-tayt","title":{"rendered":"Transkripsiyon layt ve lakin tayyare tayt"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri \u00dcniversitesi (SB\u00dc) Akademik Yay\u0131nlar dizisi i\u00e7inde, Dr. Besim \u00d6mer Akal\u0131n\u2019\u0131n kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n dili\u00e7i \u00e7evirilerini yay\u0131mlamay\u0131 misyon edinmi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Yazar\u0131n, \u00c7ocuk B\u00fcy\u00fctmek<\/em> (2019), Ebe Han\u0131mlara \u00d6\u011f\u00fctlerim<\/em> (2020) ve Nevsal-i Afiyet<\/em> (4 cilt, 2020) adl\u0131 kitaplar\u0131ndan sonra, S\u0131hhiye-i Askeriye ve Um\u00fbmiyede Tayy\u00e2relerden Edilecek \u0130stif\u00e2de <\/em>ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.(1) Bu kitaplar\u0131n pdf\u2019lar\u0131 SB\u00dc web sitesinde eri\u015fime a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Ad\u0131ge\u00e7en yay\u0131mlarda edit\u00f6rlerin biyo-bibliyografik katk\u0131lar\u0131 vard\u0131r.(2)
\nBesim \u00d6mer Akal\u0131n\u2019\u0131n S\u0131hhiye-i Askeriye ve Umumiyede Tayyarelerden Edilecek \u0130stifade <\/em>adl\u0131, tek formal\u0131k risalesi 1925 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da yay\u0131mland\u0131. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 y\u0131l sonra, yeni bas\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 2021 yaz\u0131nda \u00a0T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin G\u00fcney ve Bat\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fanan orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131nda T\u00fcrk Hava Kurumu\u2019na ait, bak\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmayan yang\u0131n s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme u\u00e7aklar\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131lamamas\u0131 ve havadan s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme giri\u015fimlerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131yla, orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 \u2013 do\u011fal oldu\u011fu kadar y\u00f6netimsel \u2013 bir afet haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bu nedenle, Dr. Besim \u00d6mer\u2019in kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcncel bir anlam kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n

Hafif Transkripsiyon nas\u0131l oluyor?
\n<\/strong>Besim \u00d6mer\u2019in S\u0131hhiye-i Askeriye ve Umumiyede Tayyarelerden Edilecek \u0130stifade <\/em>adl\u0131 kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6ns\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcnde yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamaya g\u00f6re, \u201ckitapta Osmanl\u0131ca metinlerin hafif bir transkripsiyonu\u201d ve \u201cg\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde herkesin rahatl\u0131kla anlayabilece\u011fi \u015fekilde\u201d sadele\u015ftirmesi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eski Harfli T\u00fcrk\u00e7e (EHT) metinlerin \u00e7eviriyaz\u0131s\u0131nda, Arap elifbas\u0131n\u0131n ayn<\/strong> ve hemze<\/strong> harflerinin \u00f6zel (t\u0131rnak vb.) i\u015faretlerle g\u00f6sterilmemesine \u201chafif veya yar\u0131m transkripsiyon\u201d denilmektedir. Elimizdeki transkripsiyonda ise, s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen harflerin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan i\u015faretler kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan transkripsiyon tam olmakla birlikte, metin daha \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan transkripsiyonundan baz\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6stermektedir.(3)
\nSadele\u015ftirme konusuna gelince, sadele\u015ftirilmi\u015f metnin ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, transkripsiyonu yap\u0131lan S\u0131hhiye-i Askeriye ve Um\u00fbmiyede Tayy\u00e2relerden Edilecek \u0130stif\u00e2de<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan tek fark\u0131 u<\/strong> ve a<\/strong> \u00fcnl\u00fclerinde inceltme i\u015faretlerinin bulunmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden, transkripsiyona de\u011filse bile sadele\u015ftirmeye \u201chafif\u201d denilebilir.
\n\u00d6ns\u00f6z\u2019de ortaya at\u0131lan bir iddia, Dr. Besim \u00d6mer\u2019in \u201cS\u0131hhiye Tayyare Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u201d kurulmas\u0131 hayaline yakla\u015f\u0131k 90 y\u0131l sonra, yani 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda ula\u015f\u0131labildi\u011fidir\u00a0? Burada hafif denilemeyecek bir tarihsel sapma vard\u0131r. Her nas\u0131lsa, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, 1944-45 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Etimesgut U\u00e7ak Fabrikas\u0131nda \u00fcretilen ve THK-5<\/strong> ad\u0131 verilen, iki motorlu, iki sedye ve bir sa\u011fl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yabilen hava ambulans u\u00e7aklar\u0131 unutulmu\u015ftur.(4)
\nKitapta unutulan bir ba\u015fka \u015fey, yazar Dr. Besim \u00d6mer\u2019in soyad\u0131d\u0131r (Akal\u0131n<\/strong>). \u00d6ns\u00f6z, metin ve kaynak\u00e7a i\u00e7inde ad\u0131\u00a0: Prof.Dr. Besim \u00d6mer Pa\u015fa, Besim \u00d6mer, Doktor Besim \u00d6mer, M\u00fcderris Besim \u00d6mer Pa\u015fa olarak ge\u00e7en Dr. Besim \u00d6mer\u2019in (1862-1940) soyad\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmakla, yay\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlayanlar\u0131n neyi murad etti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. Besim \u00d6mer Akal\u0131n ad\u0131na biraz olsun sayg\u0131 duyanlar, onun bir \u201cAbd\u00fclhamid Pa\u015fas\u0131\u201d olarak an\u0131lmak istemeyece\u011finin iyi bilirler.<\/p>\n

Bir sadele\u015ftirmenin halet-i ruhiyesi
\n<\/strong>Besim \u00d6mer\u2019in metninin sadele\u015ftirmesinde, Salib-i ahmer cemiyeti K\u0131z\u0131lha\u00e7 olarak \u00e7evirildi\u011fi halde, Hilal-i ahmer cemiyetinin ad\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131lay\u2019a \u00e7evirilmemi\u015ftir\u00a0! Bu se\u00e7im konusunda bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 ba\u011flamda, Besim \u00d6mer, \u201cdaha yeniden do\u011fmayan Hilal-i Ahmer Cem\u2018iyeti murrahas\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131yla\u201d Beynelmilel Salib-i ahmer Konferans\u0131\u2019na (8. Konferans, Londra 1907) kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtirken, sadele\u015ftirmede: \u201chen\u00fcz yeniden do\u011fmayan Hilal-i Ahmer Cemiyeti\u2019ne delege s\u0131fat\u0131yla g\u00f6nderildi\u011fim tarihten beri\u2026\u201d denilerek K\u0131z\u0131lha\u00e7 Konferans\u0131na de\u011fil K\u0131z\u0131lay\u2019a delege yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nBurada Besim \u00d6mer\u2019in K\u0131z\u0131lay\u2019\u0131n \u201cyeniden do\u011fu\u015fundan\u201d s\u00f6z etti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekmeliyiz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yeni yay\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir konuda not ve a\u00e7\u0131klama yoktur. \u0130stibdad d\u00f6neminde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 engellenen Hilal-i ahmer Cemiyeti, Me\u015frutiyet d\u00f6neminde \u201cihyaen tesis\u201d edilmi\u015f, yani yeniden kurulmu\u015ftur. Yeni d\u00f6nemdeki kurucular\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, Dr. Besim \u00d6mer gibi \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti\u2019nin \u00fcyesidir.
\nMetni sadele\u015ftirenlerin, \u201cHilal-i ahmer\u201d kadar vazge\u00e7ilmez sayd\u0131klar\u0131 bir Arap\u00e7a kelime de \u201ctayyare\u201d olmu\u015ftur. Yay\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan\u0131n \u00d6ns\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcnde K\u0131z\u0131lay ve u\u00e7ak s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, sadele\u015ftirmeye gelince, Hilal-i ahmer\u2019i salt bir Osmanl\u0131 cemiyeti olarak g\u00f6stermek gayretke\u015fli\u011fi ile K\u0131z\u0131lay ad\u0131 sans\u00fcrlenmi\u015fdir. Keza, Fransa Harbiye Nezareti : Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak \u00e7evirilirken, Mill\u00ee M\u00fcdafaa ile S\u0131hhiye ve Muavenet-i \u0130\u00e7timaiye Vekaletleri eski yaz\u0131mlar\u0131yla brak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; adeta, (Arap harfli) Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin yerini (Latin harfli) Arabesk bir T\u00fcrk\u00e7e alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r!
\nSadele\u015ftirme konusundaki bu garip tutum t\u0131bbi terimlerde kendisini g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u201cintan\u201d (enfeksiyon, enfeksiyon etkeni) : salg\u0131n olarak \u00e7evirilirken (s. 60), orijinal metinde yara bak\u0131m\u0131, pansuman anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan \u201ct\u0131mar\u201d sadele\u015ftirilmi\u015f metinde aynen ge\u00e7mektedir. \u201cT\u0131mar aletleri\u201d ve \u201ct\u0131mar yerleri\u201d sadele\u015ftirmenin gerek\u00e7esi \u201cg\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde herkesin rahatl\u0131kla anlayabilece\u011fi\u201d kavramlar olmaktan uzakt\u0131r.
\nAnlams\u0131z sadele\u015ftirmelere bir ba\u015fka \u00f6rnek: \u201cher h\u00e2l\u00fck\u00e2rda naklin s\u00fcrat ve son derece yava\u015f bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131\u2026\u201d (s. 56). T\u0131bbi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201ckomplikasyonlar\u201d olan \u201cihtil\u00e2t\u00e2t\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in \u201ckar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k\u201ddenilmi\u015ftir (s. 63). \u201c\u0130htil\u00e2t\u00e2t\u201d sadele\u015ftirme metninin ba\u015fka bir yerinde ise \u201chastal\u0131k\u201d olmu\u015ftur \u00a0(s. 67). \u201cSon harbin bidayetinde\u201d : Son sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda olmas\u0131 gerekirken, \u201cSon sava\u015f\u0131n bitti\u011fi s\u0131ralarda\u201d denilmi\u015ftir (s. 61).
\nBesim \u00d6mer\u2019in transkripsiyonda ge\u00e7en, \u201cma\u2018l\u00fbm\u00e2t\u0131m\u0131 t\u00e2zelendirmek\u201d deyi\u015fi (s. 18), sadele\u015ftirmede yer almazken; de\u011finilen \u201cte\u015fkil\u00e2t-\u0131 s\u0131hhiyenin noks\u00e2n\u0131\u201d yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131larak \u201cs\u0131hhiye te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131n eksikli\u011fi, demiryolu ve karayollar\u0131n\u0131n yok denilecek \u015fekildeki peri\u015fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ileri gelmektedir\u201d (s. 58) gibi ilgisiz bir ba\u011f kurulmu\u015ftur.
\nK\u0131sacas\u0131, S\u0131hhiye-i Askeriye ve Umumiyede Tayyarelerden Edilecek \u0130stifade<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n yeni yay\u0131m\u0131, bize, isim ve terimler konusundaki reaksiyoner tav\u0131rlar\u0131n sadele\u015ftirilen metinlerin dil, anlam ve anlat\u0131m kalitesini bozabilece\u011fini bir kez daha g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.
\nMuht\u0131ra<\/strong>. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin kurulu\u015f tarihi olarak se\u00e7ilen 1903 y\u0131l\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda Askeri T\u0131bbiye\u2019ye Prusya militarizminin damgas\u0131n\u0131n vuruldu\u011fu tarihtir. \u00d6yk\u00fcs\u00fc Robert Rieder Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n F\u00fcr die T\u00fcrkei <\/em>(1903\/4) adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.(5) Mekteb-i T\u0131bbiye-i \u015eahane tarihinin birincil kaynaklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan bu kitab\u0131n \u00e7evirisini de SB\u00dc yay\u0131nlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda g\u00f6rmeyi diliyoruz.<\/p>\n

D\u0130PNOTLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Doktor Besim \u00d6mer, S\u0131hhiye-i Askeriye ve Um<\/em>\u00fb<\/em>miyede Tayy<\/em>\u00e2<\/em>relerden Edilecek \u0130stif<\/em>\u00e2<\/em>de<\/em>, yay.haz. C. Erd\u00f6l, ed. A.Z. \u0130zg\u00f6er, K. Topkar, \u0130stanbul, Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri \u00dcniversitesi yay., 2021 (T\u0131pk\u0131bas\u0131m, transkripsiyon, sadele\u015ftirme, ekler, dizin, 17×24 cm., ciltli, 90 s.).<\/p>\n

2) \u015eeref Etker, \u201c\u00dcniversite Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Muallim Doktor Besim \u00d6mer Bey\u201d, Osmanl\u0131 Bilimi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131<\/em>, c. 22 (2), 2021, s. 371-384.<\/p>\n

3) M\u00fcderris Doktor Besim \u00d6mer, \u201cS\u0131hhiye-i Askeriye ve S\u0131hhiye-i Umumiye\u2019de Tayyarelerden Edilecek \u0130stifade\u201d, [T\u00fcrkiye Hil<\/em>\u00e2<\/em>l-i Ahmer Mecm<\/em>\u00fb<\/em>\u2018as\u0131<\/em>, numero 39, 15 Te\u015frin-i sani 1340, s. 73-80; numero 40, 15 Kanun-\u0131 evvel 1340, s. 122-127] Hil<\/em>\u00e2<\/em>l-i Ahmer Mecm<\/em>\u00fb<\/em>\u2018alar\u0131<\/em>, yay.haz. \u0130. Top\u00e7u, A.Z. \u0130zg\u00f6er, c. IV, \u0130stanbul, T. K\u0131z\u0131lay Derne\u011fi, 2020, s. 1724-1729, 1729-1802.<\/p>\n

4) \u0130smail Yavuz, \u201cTHK Etimesgut U\u00e7ak Fabrikas\u0131 1939-1950\u201d, M\u00fchendis ve Makine<\/em> (Ankara), say\u0131 636, Ocak 2013, s. 32-36 (resim 1); \u0130lker \u00dcnsal, Dilek Ekici-\u00dcnsal, \u201cHava Ambulans Sisteminin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Geli\u015fimi\u201d, T\u00fcrk Hava Kurumu<\/em> \u00dcniversitesi Havac\u0131l\u0131k ve Uzay \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Dergisi<\/em>, c. 2 (1), 2021, s. 47-70 (resim 2).<\/p>\n

5) Robert Rieder (Pascha), F\u00fcr die T\u00fcrkei<\/em>, Selbstgelebtes und Gewolltes<\/em>, Bd. I-II, Jena, Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1903-1904 (509+367 s.+ pl, tabl.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri \u00dcniversitesi (SB\u00dc) Akademik Yay\u0131nlar dizisi i\u00e7inde, Dr. Besim \u00d6mer Akal\u0131n\u2019\u0131n kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n dili\u00e7i \u00e7evirilerini yay\u0131mlamay\u0131 misyon edinmi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Yazar\u0131n, \u00c7ocuk B\u00fcy\u00fctmek (2019), Ebe Han\u0131mlara \u00d6\u011f\u00fctlerim (2020) ve Nevsal-i Afiyet (4 cilt, 2020) adl\u0131 kitaplar\u0131ndan sonra, S\u0131hhiye-i Askeriye ve Um\u00fbmiyede Tayy\u00e2relerden Edilecek \u0130stif\u00e2de ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.(1) Bu kitaplar\u0131n pdf\u2019lar\u0131 SB\u00dc web sitesinde eri\u015fime a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1429,"featured_media":53596,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8171,38,513,510,511],"tags":[8190,7289],"class_list":["post-53595","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-214-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-kitapcil","category-surekli-bolumler","category-yayin-dunyasi","tag-doktor-besim-omer","tag-dr-seref-etker"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t