{"id":54424,"date":"2022-04-19T19:55:09","date_gmt":"2022-04-19T16:55:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=54424"},"modified":"2022-04-19T19:58:37","modified_gmt":"2022-04-19T16:58:37","slug":"carpisa-karadeliklerden-gelen-yankilar-stephen-hawkingin-en-buyuk-ongorusunu-kanitliyor-mu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2022\/04\/19\/carpisa-karadeliklerden-gelen-yankilar-stephen-hawkingin-en-buyuk-ongorusunu-kanitliyor-mu","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7arp\u0131\u015fan karadeliklerden gelen yank\u0131lar Stephen Hawking’in en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc kan\u0131tl\u0131yor mu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

1974 y\u0131l\u0131nda Stephen Hawking karadeliklerin san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar “kara” olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yava\u015f yava\u015f termal bir radyasyon \u00fcretti\u011fini ortaya att\u0131. Hawking’in bu tahmini o d\u00f6nemlerde fizik\u00e7ileri derinden sarst\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu demek oluyordu ki karadelikler \u0131\u015f\u0131ma yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in sonsuza dek var olamazlar, onun yerine zaman ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e karadeliklerin “buharla\u015farak” yok olmas\u0131 laz\u0131m. Durum buysa bile “k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck” bir sorun var: bu kadar s\u00f6n\u00fck bir \u0131\u015f\u0131man\u0131n al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z taraf\u0131ndan alg\u0131lanmas\u0131na olanak yok! Peki bu “Hawking I\u015f\u0131mas\u0131” bir \u015fekilde “canland\u0131rmak” ve “g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek” m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc? Kimi astrofizik\u00e7iler bunu yapman\u0131n e\u015fi\u011finde olduklar\u0131n\u0131 iddia ediyorlar ve onlara g\u00f6re sorumuzun cevab\u0131 \u015fu ana kadar g\u00f6zlenmi\u015f en y\u00fcksek k\u00fctleli ve tesirli karadelik \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda gizli.
\n\u0130ddia elbette ki olduk\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc elimizdeki bu tekil veriye benzeyen ba\u015fka k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel dalga aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131zda ellerimiz hep bo\u015f kald\u0131.
\nMay\u0131s 2019’da ABD’de bulunan Lazer \u0130nterferometrsei K\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel Dalga G\u00f6zlemevi(Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory; LIGO) ile \u0130talya’da bulunan Virgo k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel dalga g\u00f6zlemevleri toplamda 151 ve 142 G\u00fcne\u015fin k\u00fctlesine denk k\u00fctlelere sahip dev iki karadeli\u011fin birle\u015fmesinden olu\u015fan k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel dalgalar\u0131(uzay-zamanda ya\u015fana\u00a0 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck titre\u015fimler) yakalamay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar. “Bu \u015fu ana kadar g\u00f6zlenen en y\u00fcksek tesirli k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel dalga olay\u0131” diyen Norve\u00e7’teki Stavanger \u00dcniversitesi’nden Jaheh Abedi<\/a>, kendisinin de yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekiple yay\u0131nlad\u0131klar\u0131 makalede<\/a> Hawking I\u015f\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 bu olay\u0131n analizi sonucunda tespit ettiklerini iddia ediyorlar.
\nGW190521 olarak isimlendirilen bu k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel dalga olay\u0131, yaln\u0131zca LIGO ve Virgo alg\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na ula\u015fmakla kalmad\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan art\u0131k karadeli\u011fi de yok etti. Burada ne ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu tamamen karadelik fizi\u011finin hangi yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru buldu\u011funuza ba\u011fl\u0131… E\u011fer size g\u00f6re karadelikler tamamiyle Albert Einstein’\u0131n genel g\u00f6relilik kuram\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131yorsa, o halde ortada olay ufku-karadeli\u011fe giren hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin ka\u00e7amad\u0131\u011f\u0131 o noktan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131- g\u00f6r\u00fcyor olmal\u0131y\u0131z. “Standart kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f karadelik g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u0131\u015f\u0131malar\u0131 emen bir olay ufkudur.” diyen \u0130talya’daki Roma Spienza \u00dcniversitesi’nden Paolo Pani’nin anlat\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re i\u00e7eri do\u011fru her \u015feyi emerek k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclen karadelikler bir s\u00fcre sonra yok olmal\u0131, yani “buharla\u015fmal\u0131”.
\nFakat burada ya\u015fanan bu anlat\u0131 olmayabilir. Kimi fizik\u00e7i, kuantum fizi\u011fi ile kuantum mekani\u011fini birle\u015ftirerek en b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 elde edebilece\u011fimizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. B\u00f6yle bir durumda karadeliklerin birle\u015fmesi sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p i\u00e7eri do\u011fru \u00e7ekilen k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel dalgalar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131, o b\u00f6lgede bulunan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yo\u011fun k\u00fctleden dolay\u0131 olu\u015fan kuantum etkilerinden dolay\u0131 i\u00e7eriden yans\u0131yor olabilir. E\u011fer durum buysa karadeliklerin bir i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131 olabilmesinin yan\u0131s\u0131ra, elde etti\u011fimiz k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel dalgalar\u0131n kimisi yans\u0131ma oldu\u011fundan elde etti\u011fimiz verirlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f zamanlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczden daha eski olabilir.
\nOrtaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu “yank\u0131” k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel dalgalar\u0131n nas\u0131l a\u00e7\u0131klanaca\u011f\u0131 hangi fizi\u011fi kullanarak modelleyece\u011finize g\u00f6re de de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterecek.\u00a0 Mesela karadeli\u011fin olay ufkunun hemen d\u0131\u015far\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan bir b\u00f6lge, s\u00fcrekli olarak olu\u015fup kaybolan madde anti-madde \u00e7iftleriyle dolu olduk\u00e7a hareketli bir b\u00f6lge olmal\u0131. Bazen bu \u00e7iftlerden bir tanesi karadeli\u011fin i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor olmal\u0131, bu da di\u011ferinin ka\u00e7mas\u0131na sebebiyet veriyor olmal\u0131. Bu ka\u00e7an atomlar Hawking I\u015f\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. Tahmin edersiniz ki bu da ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc seviyede yava\u015f bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. GW190521’in \u00f6zelinde Abedi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n iddias\u0131na g\u00f6re Hawking I\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 bu art\u0131k karadeli\u011fin kaybolu\u015f s\u00fcrecini h\u0131zland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki yakla\u015f\u0131m, \u015f\u00fcpheli ke\u015fif<\/strong>
\nAra\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bu “h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f” karadelik buharla\u015fmas\u0131 olay\u0131n\u0131n Hawking I\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 kaynakl\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar ve GW190521 olay\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fan olay\u0131n Hawking I\u015f\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131n ilk kan\u0131t\u0131 olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar. Bu olay\u0131 g\u00f6zlemek i\u00e7in iki farkl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 temel alan fiziksel modeller kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Birinci metod\u00a0 standart genel g\u00f6relilik kuram\u0131yla Hawking \u0131\u015f\u0131ma kuram\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131yaslayarak aradaki farka dair ayak izleri bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken\u00a0 di\u011fer model Hawking I\u015f\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131n “h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f” ve “tesiri y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f” hallerini bir d\u00fczeltme parametresi olarak ekliyor.
\n\u0130kinci metod olduk\u00e7a yeni, kimi yanlar\u0131yla birazc\u0131k “\u015f\u00fcpheli” ve teyit edilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fka benzer k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel dalga aktivitelerine ihtiya\u00e7 var. \u015eu anki analizlere g\u00f6re ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n buldu\u011fu verinin do\u011fru oldu\u011funa dair istetistiksel olarak yan\u0131lma pay\u0131 y\u00fczde 0.5(200’de 1). Yani bu kadarl\u0131k bir ihtimalle bulunan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm ger\u00e7ek de\u011fil ve arkaplan g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fc. Fizik\u00e7iler i\u00e7in normalde bir ke\u015fiften emin olmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in milyonda bir yan\u0131lma pay\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 var. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 yay\u0131mlayan ekipte yer almayan kimi fizik\u00e7i olaya \u015f\u00fcpheli yakla\u015fmakta. Onlardan biri olan Pani “\u0130statistiksel olarak bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc tekil bir delil olarak almam\u0131z zor.” diyor. Nitekim Abedi de bunu kabul edip ekliyor “Elbette bu \u00e7ok ‘sesli’ bir sinyal de\u011fil, do\u011fru. Hedefimiz yeni nesil daha hassas alg\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131larda bunu aramak.” Pani de bu konuda Abedi ile ayn\u0131 fikirde, Avrupa Uzay Ajans\u0131 ESA taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen Lazar \u0130nterferometresi Uzay Anteni(Laser Interferometer Space Antenna; LISA) 2030lu y\u0131llarda uzaya f\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu t\u00fcr \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar i\u00e7in \u00e7ok daha uygun olacak. Fakat sinyal istatistiksel olarak daha ikna edici olsayd\u0131 da Pani, Abedi’nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ele\u015ftirel kalmaya devam edece\u011fini belirtiyor. “Yank\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel dalgalar\u0131 ke\u015ffettiklerini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar. Bu \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir iddia olman\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra kavramsal olarak bile fizik\u00e7i \u00e7evrelerinde kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bir olgu de\u011fil. Kulland\u0131klar\u0131 model bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya b\u00f6yle bir sonu\u00e7 vermi\u015f olabilir ama ba\u015fka modeller bu sonucu vermeyebilir.” diyor.
\nGe\u00e7en ay LIGO, Virgo ve Japonya’da bulunan Kamioka K\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel Dalga Alg\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131(KAGRA) ortakla\u015fa bir \u015fekilde bu k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel dalgay\u0131 incelemeye koyuldular. 15 farkl\u0131 olaya bakt\u0131klar\u0131nda 14’\u00fcnde iki karadeli\u011fini i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ti\u011fini ve birinde de iki n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. Yay\u0131nlad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada<\/a> ekip bu k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel dalga olaylar\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7birinde yank\u0131ya benzeyen bir olay g\u00f6rmediklerini belirtmekteler. LIGO ekip \u00fcylerinden ABD’deki Chicago \u00dcniversitesi’nden Daliel Holz “K\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel dalga yank\u0131lar\u0131 var olsa ger\u00e7ekten bu \u00e7ok heyecan verici olurdu ama ikna edici olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel dalgay\u0131 temel alan birka\u00e7 spek\u00fclatif derivasyondan ve istatistiksel a\u00e7\u0131dan ikna edici olmayan bir bulgudan fazlas\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 var.” diyorlar. Pani ise bu bulguya dair umulu ve g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc gelece\u011fe dikmi\u015f durumda ve \u015f\u00f6yle ekliyor: “E\u011fer gelecekteki alg\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131lar sayesinde bu bulgu tasdiklenebilirse, bu ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir ad\u0131m olacak \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kuantum mekani\u011fi ile genel g\u00f6relili\u011fini muhtemel ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bulmaya yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131z.”<\/p>\n

Kaynak: Anil Ananthaswamy, Scientific American<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1974 y\u0131l\u0131nda Stephen Hawking karadeliklerin san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar “kara” olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yava\u015f yava\u015f termal bir radyasyon \u00fcretti\u011fini ortaya att\u0131. Hawking’in bu tahmini o d\u00f6nemlerde fizik\u00e7ileri derinden sarst\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu demek oluyordu ki karadelikler \u0131\u015f\u0131ma yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in sonsuza dek var olamazlar, onun yerine zaman ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e karadeliklerin “buharla\u015farak” yok olmas\u0131 laz\u0131m. Durum buysa bile “k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck” bir sorun var: bu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":512,"featured_media":54430,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,19,1],"tags":[8332,8331,2239,8329,1744,8330],"class_list":["post-54424","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-astronomi","category-bilim-gundemi","category-genel","tag-hawking-isimasi","tag-kagra","tag-karadelik","tag-kutlecekimsel-dalga","tag-ligo","tag-virgo"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54424","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/512"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54424"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54424\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/54430"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54424"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=54424"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=54424"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}