{"id":55475,"date":"2022-08-01T00:00:06","date_gmt":"2022-07-31T21:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=55475"},"modified":"2022-07-31T22:32:23","modified_gmt":"2022-07-31T19:32:23","slug":"doktor-besim-omer-beyin-iki-paralik-keyfine-tercuman","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2022\/08\/01\/doktor-besim-omer-beyin-iki-paralik-keyfine-tercuman","title":{"rendered":"Doktor Besim \u00d6mer Bey\u2019in \u0130ki Paral\u0131k Keyfine Terc\u00fcman"},"content":{"rendered":"

Naci Sadullah soruyor, Doktor Besim \u00d6mer Bey, yan\u0131tl\u0131yor:
\n\u2013 \u0130\u00e7ki i\u00e7mez misiniz ?
\n\u2013 \u201cKatresi haram\u201d fikrinde de\u011filim. Yemeklerde biraz \u015farap i\u00e7erim. Nefis etle k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u015farap iyi gider. Fakat zeytinya\u011fl\u0131 p\u0131rasa ile gitmez tabii !
\n\u2013 Sigara?
\n\u2013 Sigaray\u0131 b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f bulunuyorum. Fakat eskiden i\u00e7erdim. Bu sualle benim bam telime dokundunuz. Benim sigaraya al\u0131\u015f\u0131\u015f\u0131m o kadar gariptir ki\u2026
\nBen Avrupa\u2019ya gitti\u011fim zaman deh\u015fetli bir t\u00fct\u00fcn aleyhtar\u0131 idim. Orada T\u00fct\u00fcnle M\u00fccadele Cemiyeti
\n(Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise contre l\u2019Abus du Tabac<\/em>) vard\u0131. Bu \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda bir \u00e7ok de\u011ferli alimler toplanm\u0131\u015f bir te\u015fekk\u00fcld\u00fc. \u0130ntisap ettim, orada konferanslar verdim. M\u00fcnaka\u015falara giri\u015ftim. Onlar,
\n\u2013 Fransa\u2019da \u00e7ok t\u00fct\u00fcn i\u00e7ilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, m\u00fcskirat m\u00fcnebbihdir (uyar\u0131c\u0131), t\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcnevvim (uyutucu).
\n\u0130\u00e7ki ile tahrik olunan asab\u0131 yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r ki, sigaran\u0131n ra\u011fbetini temin eder! diyorlard\u0131.
\nBen, \u2013 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin i\u00e7ki girmemi\u015f k\u00f6yleri vard\u0131r ki, sekenesi yediden yetmi\u015fe kadar t\u00fct\u00fcn tiryakisidir! Cevab\u0131n\u0131 verdim. Kani olmad\u0131lar. Neyse tafsilat l\u00fczumsuz.
\nBir g\u00fcn, hararetli bir i\u00e7timadan sonra, ilk defa onlarla beraber bir kahveye girdik, oturduk.
\nO, t\u00fct\u00fcn aleyhine s\u00f6ylemedik lak\u0131rd\u0131, t\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fcnya y\u00fcz\u00fcnden kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmedik \u00e7are b\u0131rakmayan alimlerin hepsi birden ceplerine sald\u0131r\u0131p s\u0131garalar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmazlar m\u0131 ! Hayretimi g\u00f6renlerden birisi bana d\u00f6nd\u00fc, kula\u011f\u0131ma:
\n\u2013 Orada kafi derecede konu\u015ftuk, dedi, dima\u011f\u0131n dinlenmeye ihtiyac\u0131 var. \u00c7ok g\u00f6rme !
\n\u0130\u015fte o g\u00fcnden sonra ben de dima\u011f\u0131 dinlendirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131m. (1)<\/p>\n

Besim \u00d6mer K\u0131z\u0131layc\u0131 idi, Ye\u015filayc\u0131 de\u011fil
\n<\/strong>Dr. Besim \u00d6mer Akal\u0131n\u2019\u0131n (1862-1940), Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri \u00dcniversitesi taraf\u0131ndan yeniden yay\u0131mlanan M\u00fckeyyifat ve M\u00fcskiratdan T\u00fct\u00fcn <\/em>adl\u0131 kitab\u0131yla ilgili birka\u00e7 bibliyografik bilgi vermek gerekiyor. (2)
\nBu kitap\u00e7\u0131k Rumi 1304 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde, Arakel Efendi Tozl\u0131yan\u2019\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 K\u00fct\u00fcbhanesinin 13. ve 14. kitaplar\u0131 olarak iki par\u00e7a halinde yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (sayfa numaralar\u0131 devaml\u0131d\u0131r).
\nBesim \u00d6mer, t\u00fct\u00fcn konusundaki derlemesini, Paris\u2019e giderken yay\u0131mlanmak \u00fczere kitap\u00e7\u0131 Arakel Efendi\u2019ye b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kitab\u0131n kapa\u011f\u0131nda yer alan \u201cT\u00fct\u00fcn bir semm-i katildir\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc, Dr. Besim \u00d6mer\u2019e de\u011fil, Arakel Efendiye aittir. Arakel Efendi\u2019nin, diziye verdi\u011fi ba\u015fl\u0131kda \u201cm\u00fckeyyifat\u201d ile \u201cm\u00fcskirat\u201d birle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Besim \u00d6mer \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcnde \u00fc\u00e7 kitab\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131: M\u00fckeyyifatdan: <\/em>T\u00fct\u00fcn<\/em>, M\u00fcskirat<\/em> ve M\u00fckeyyifatdan: Afyon, Esrar, \u00c7ay, Kahve <\/em>(konular\u0131n kitaptaki s\u0131ras\u0131na uygun) olarak vermi\u015ftir.
\nDizinin ikinci kitab\u0131nda Rumi 2 Nisan 1304 (14 Nisan 1888); \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kitab\u0131nda, Paris fi 7 May\u0131s 1304 (19 May\u0131s 1888) tarihi vard\u0131r.(3) T\u00fct\u00fcn<\/em> kitab\u0131n\u0131n SB\u00dc yay\u0131n\u0131nda bu tarih (1304) Hicri san\u0131larak 1886 olarak \u00e7evirilmi\u015ftir (s. v). Dr. Besim \u00d6mer Bey\u2019in ayn\u0131 dizide SB\u00dc taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131na haz\u0131rlanan ikinci kitab\u0131 M\u00fcskir<\/em>\u00e2<\/em>t<\/em> ve M\u00fckeyyif<\/em>\u00e2<\/em>tdan Afyon, Kahve, \u00c7ay, Esr<\/em>\u00e2<\/em>r<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.(4)
\nM\u00fckeyyif\u00e2t ve M\u00fcskir\u00e2tdan <\/em>T\u00fct\u00fcn<\/em> adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n daha \u00f6nce yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f tam bir transkripsiyonu vard\u0131r.(5) Bu kitap SB\u00dc yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n kaynak\u00e7as\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilmemi\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, iki yay\u0131nda biribirinin kopyas\u0131 \u00e7eviri hatalar\u0131 vard\u0131r !
\nArakel Efendi Tozl\u0131yan (\u00f6. 1912), Tabip Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Besim \u00d6mer Bey\u2019in kitab\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, onun Paris\u2019te t\u00fct\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 kongresine (Congr\u00e8s international contre l\u2019Abus du Tabac<\/em>, Paris, 8-11 juillet\/Temmuz 1889) kat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra t\u00fct\u00fcnle pekala \u201c\u00fclfet eyleyece\u011fini\u201d bilemezdi\u00a0:
\n\u201cElhas\u0131l, muharrir-i mumaileyh \u015fu eserlerile bu zehr-i cihangirin taht-\u0131 h\u00fckm ve tesirinde bulunan t\u00fct\u00fcn tiryakilerini bile ikna, ve hen\u00fcz m\u00fcbtela olm\u0131yanlar\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn mertebe ikaz ve ikrah edecek derece delail-i kaviyye-i muknia ile isbat etmekde oldu\u011fundan, \u015fu eserin m\u00fctalaas\u0131, gerek t\u00fct\u00fcn beliyyesine m\u00fcbtela olan ve gerek an\u0131n su-i tesirinden kamilen emin olm\u0131yan herkesce dahi mucib-i intibah olaca\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesizdir<\/em>\u201d (T\u00fct\u00fcn<\/em>, 1888, s. 1-2).
\nSB\u00dc yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda, Besim \u00d6mer Akal\u0131n\u2019\u0131n ya\u015fam\u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc yeterince ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, ayn\u0131 minvalde
\nbir \u00f6ns\u00f6z okuyoruz : \u201cDr. Besim \u00d6mer eserinde, t\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n katili oldu\u011funu belirtmekte, t\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcreticilerinin vah\u015fi bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce i\u00e7erisinde insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131; \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, gen\u00e7leri kand\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli metotlar kulland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir<\/em>\u201d (s. v).
\nDr. Besim \u00d6mer\u2019in yemeklerde keyifle \u015farab\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ti\u011fini Yedig\u00fcn<\/em> dergisinin muhabirine anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131llarda, Dr. Fahrettin Kerim de (G\u00f6kay), \u0130\u00e7ki<\/em> D\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 Gazete<\/em>\u2019sinin kapa\u011f\u0131na koydu\u011fu resmiyle onu
\nYe\u015fil Hilal\/Ye\u015filay saflar\u0131nda g\u00f6sterme\u011fe \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.(6)<\/p>\n

Vulgarizasyondan Romanizasyona
\n<\/strong>Dr. Besim \u00d6mer, ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 genel sa\u011fl\u0131k konular\u0131n\u0131 Frans\u0131zca\u2019dan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 derleme ve \u00e7evirilerle e\u011fitimli okurun anlayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczeyde \u00f6zetleyerek yeniden kaleme alarak v\u00fclgarize eder. Dili g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinden olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131d\u0131r ve kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 pek \u00e7ok terim ve terkibi anlamak i\u00e7in orijinallerini bilmek gerekir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Osmanl\u0131ca T\u0131p Terimleri S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/em>\u2019nde (TTK, 2004) yer almayan, astrenjan \/astringent <\/em>anlam\u0131ndaki \u201ck\u00e2b\u0131z\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131: tutan, b\u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc, peklik olarak verilir (Devellio\u011flu, Kanar, vd.).
\nSB\u00dc yay\u0131n\u0131 (M\u00fckeyyifat ve M\u00fcskiratdan) T\u00fct\u00fcn<\/em> ve Afyon, Kahve, \u00c7ay, Esr<\/em>\u00e2<\/em>r <\/em>kitaplar\u0131nda metin sadele\u015ftirmesi yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, bir s\u00f6zl\u00fck haz\u0131rlamak zahmetine de giri\u015filmemi\u015ftir. Besim \u00d6mer\u2019in 128 sayfal\u0131k cep boy T\u00fct\u00fcn<\/em> kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fclt\u00fcral & Ko\u00e7 Giannopoulos yay\u0131n\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.700 isim ve terimin tan\u0131m\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. (Bu s\u00f6zl\u00fckte \u201cOn\u00e7iya\u201d : oncia, ons ve \u201cBer\u015f\u201d : \u00a0afyon \u015furubu, gibi s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131klama gerektiren s\u00f6zc\u00fck say\u0131s\u0131 2.000\u2019e yakla\u015f\u0131r.)
\nSB\u00dc yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda transkripsiyona \u00f6zenildi\u011fi halde \u00f6nemli \u00e7eviri hatalar\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, yaz\u0131m\u0131 ayn\u0131 olan hurmet (haram) s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile h\u00fcrmet (sayg\u0131) biribirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (T\u00fct\u00fcn<\/em>, s. 80):
\nBulunur onda d\u00fbr ile h\u00fcrmet<\/em> (Dipnotta sadele\u015ftirme\u00a0: Ondan uzakla\u015farak ancak h\u00fcrmet g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr).
\nDo\u011fru okunu\u015fu: Bulunur anda d\u00fcrl\u00fc hurmet<\/em> (T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi: Onda t\u00fcrl\u00fc haram bulunur).
\nAyn\u0131 metinde (s. 156), \u201chunnak-\u0131 sadr\u201d ile birlikte ge\u00e7en \u00fc\u00e7 hekimin ad\u0131 (G\u00e9lineau – Beau – Peter) bilinemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in, yerlerine bir Frans\u0131zca kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k (angine de poitrine<\/em>) uydurulmu\u015ftur!
\nAyr\u0131ca, (T\u00fct\u00fcn, s. 44) \u201cdiyar-\u0131 \u00e2dem\u201d; do\u011frusu: diyar-\u0131 adem (yokluk diyar\u0131).
\n(s. 110) \u201ckana ve ihtilat-\u0131 saireye\u201d; do\u011frusu: kana ve ahlat-\u0131 saireye (h\u0131ltlar).
\n(s. 202) \u201cnikotin takdir ve istihsali\u201d; do\u011frusu: taktir (distilasyon, dam\u0131tma).
\nSB\u00dc yay\u0131n\u0131 M\u00fckeyyif<\/em>\u00e2t ve M\u00fcskir\u00e2tdan<\/em> Afyon, Kahve, \u00c7ay, Esr<\/em>\u00e2<\/em>r <\/em>adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda, kahvenin m\u00fcsekkin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilen her okurun yad\u0131rgayaca\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7eviri hatas\u0131 vard\u0131r:
\n(s. 98): \u201cMeyvesinde iki \u2018m\u00fcsekkin\u2019 vard\u0131r ki, her birinde birer kahve danesi olub\u2026\u201d
\nBuradaki s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn do\u011frusu \u2018mesken\u2019dir ve kompartman kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Frans\u0131zca metinlerde: \u201cdeux<\/em>\u00a0compartiments<\/em>\u00a0diff\u00e9rents du\u00a0grain\u00a0de\u00a0caf\u00e9<\/em>\u201d). \u0130lgin\u00e7 olan, ayn\u0131 hatan\u0131n,
\ndaha \u00f6nce yay\u0131mlanan K\u00fclt\u00fcral & Ko\u00e7 Giannopoulos \u00e7evirisinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.(<\/em>7)
\nSB\u00dc yay\u0131n\u0131nda ge\u00e7en (s. 102), \u201cMir\u015fan-\u0131 zarifan\u201d tamlamas\u0131n\u0131n \u201cM\u00fcberri\u015f\u00e2n-\u0131 zar\u00eef\u00e2n\u201d
\n(arap alfbesindeki ye harfinin be) olarak yanl\u0131\u015f okundu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz ve yine ayn\u0131 okunu\u015fa
\nK\u00fclt\u00fcral & Ko\u00e7 Giannopoulos (s. 114)\u00a0\u00e7evirisinde rastl\u0131yoruz ?
\nOkuma hatalar\u0131na ba\u015fka \u00f6rnekler:
\n(s. 10) \u201cate\u015friz-i i\u015ftigal\u201d; do\u011frusu: i\u015fti\u2019al (alevlenme).
\n(s. 94) \u201cKanda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d; do\u011frusu: Kande kald\u0131 ki.
\n(s. 68) \u201cceviz mukayyi\u2019i\u201d; do\u011frusu: cevz-i mukayyi\u2019yi.
\n(s. 30) \u201casayi\u015f \u00fc esved gi[b]i midir ?\u201d do\u011frusu: esved key midir ?
\n1871\u2019de Paris barikatlarda \u00f6len kimyac\u0131 Anselme Payen\u2019in ad\u0131 ise \u201cPaienne\u201d olarak \u00e7evirilmi\u015ftir.
\nSonu\u00e7 olarak, bir inceleme ya da de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7ermeyen, notlarla a\u00e7\u0131klanmam\u0131\u015f ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olmayan metinler stajyer d\u00fczeyinde transkripsiyon egzersizleri olarak okunabilir. Ancak, bu t\u00fcrden kitaplar i\u00e7in sarfedilen paralar, hat\u0131r\u0131say\u0131l\u0131r bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc t\u00fct\u00fcn gibi m\u00fckeyyifattan al\u0131nan vergilerin \u00fcniversite b\u00fct\u00e7elerine aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f fas\u0131llar\u0131ndan \u201cduhan misillu ber-heva\u201c olmu\u015ftur, desek yeridir.<\/p>\n

D\u0130PNOTLAR<\/strong>
\n1) Naci Sadullah (Dan\u0131\u015f), \u201cDoktor Besim \u00d6mer Pa\u015fan\u0131n Evinde\u201d, Yedig\u00fcn<\/em>, No. 52, 7 Mart 1934, s. 7-9, 22.
\n2) Doktor\u00a0 Besim \u00d6mer, M\u00fckeyyif\u00e2t ve M\u00fcskir\u00e2tdan T\u00fct\u00fcn<\/em>, yay.haz. C. Erd\u00f6l, ed. A.Z. \u0130zg\u00f6er, Arap\u00e7a-Fars\u00e7a \u00e7eviri R. Tu\u011f, \u0130stanbul, Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri \u00dcniversitesi, 2022 (17×24 cm., ciltli, xiv+273 s., t\u0131pk\u0131bas\u0131m, transkripsiyon, kaynak\u00e7a, indeks).
\nhttps:\/\/www.sbu.edu.tr\/FileFolder\/Dosyalar\/eb408a43\/2022_2\/tutunkitosmic1-544f7230.pdf
\n3) Doktor Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Besim \u00d6mer, M\u00fckeyyifat ve M\u00fcskiratdan Afyon, Kahve, \u00c7ay, Esrar<\/em>, \u0130stanbul Mahmud Bey Matbaas\u0131, 1305, s. 2.
\n4) Doktor\u00a0 Besim \u00d6mer, M\u00fcskir<\/em>\u00e2<\/em>t<\/em> ve M\u00fckeyyif<\/em>\u00e2<\/em>tdan Afyon, Kahve, \u00c7ay, Esr<\/em>\u00e2<\/em>r<\/em>, yay.haz. C. Erd\u00f6l, ed. A.Z. \u0130zg\u00f6er, \u0130stanbul, Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri \u00dcniversitesi, 2022 (17×24 cm., ciltli, xii+213 s., t\u0131pk\u0131bas\u0131m, transkripsiyon, kaynak\u00e7a, indeks).
\n5) Dr. Besim \u00d6mer\u2019in Kaleminden T\u00fct\u00fcn, Kahve, \u00c7ay<\/em>, haz. Z. K\u00fclt\u00fcral ve A. Ko\u00e7 Giannopoulos, Konya Palet yay., Mart 2021.
\n6) \u0130\u00e7ki D\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 Gazete<\/em> (\u0130stanbul), say\u0131 3, Mart 1933 (kapak).
\n7) A. Ko\u00e7 Giannopoulos ve Z. K\u00fclt\u00fcral, \u201cDr. Besim \u00d6mer\u2019in Kaleminden Kahve\u201d, T\u00fcr\u00fck <\/em>(Bolu), say\u0131 21, Haziran 2020: 5-6; Z. K\u00fclt\u00fcral ve A. Ko\u00e7 Giannopoulos (2021), s. 113-114.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Naci Sadullah soruyor, Doktor Besim \u00d6mer Bey, yan\u0131tl\u0131yor: \u2013 \u0130\u00e7ki i\u00e7mez misiniz ? \u2013 \u201cKatresi haram\u201d fikrinde de\u011filim. Yemeklerde biraz \u015farap i\u00e7erim. Nefis etle k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u015farap iyi gider. Fakat zeytinya\u011fl\u0131 p\u0131rasa ile gitmez tabii ! \u2013 Sigara? \u2013 Sigaray\u0131 b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f bulunuyorum. Fakat eskiden i\u00e7erdim. Bu sualle benim bam telime dokundunuz. Benim sigaraya al\u0131\u015f\u0131\u015f\u0131m o kadar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1429,"featured_media":55476,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8497,38,513,510,511],"tags":[8526,7289],"class_list":["post-55475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-220-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-kitapcil","category-surekli-bolumler","category-yayin-dunyasi","tag-doktor-besim-omer-beyin-iki-paralik-keyfine-tercuman","tag-dr-seref-etker"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t