{"id":56962,"date":"2022-12-30T00:00:29","date_gmt":"2022-12-29T21:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=56962"},"modified":"2022-12-27T22:44:42","modified_gmt":"2022-12-27T19:44:42","slug":"istanbulun-cinarlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2022\/12\/30\/istanbulun-cinarlari","title":{"rendered":"\u0130stanbul\u2019un \u00e7\u0131narlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c7\u0131nar \u00f6yle bir a\u011fa\u00e7t\u0131r ki, insan var oldu\u011fundan beri ona \u00e2\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r. \u0130li\u015fkinin en eski kan\u0131tlar\u0131 Antik Ege\u2019ye kadar gider. <\/em>K\u00fclt\u00fcrel tarihin \u00f6nemli a\u011fa\u00e7 fig\u00fcrlerinden biridir. Bilimsel ismi olan Platanus kelimesinin k\u00f6keni, geni\u015f veya d\u00fczlemsel anlam\u0131na gelen Yunanca \u201cplatys\u201ddir. Geni\u015f yapraklar\u0131 ile g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne do\u011fru yay\u0131lan d\u00fczlemsel konumu (plane a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131) \u00e7a\u011flar boyunca ona tarihsel, dinsel, folklorik, edebi ve mitolojik bir\u00e7ok unvan y\u00fcklemi\u015ftir. <\/em><\/p>\n

\u00c7\u0131nar a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel ismi Paltanus\u2019un bitkiler \u00e2lemindeki yeri nedir, nerededir?
\n400 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce Devoniyen ba\u015flar\u0131nda gezegenimizi ye\u015fil bir hal\u0131 gibi \u00f6rtmeye ba\u015flayan Plantea (bitkiler) krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan Viridiplantae\u2019dir (ye\u015fil bitkiler). Ayn\u0131 zamanda Streptohyta\u2019ya (kara bitkileri) ait b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bitki toplulu\u011fudur. Enerjilerini g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak besinlerini karbondioksit ve sudan sentezleyerek elde eden Embryophyta\u2019d\u0131r. Vask\u00fcler yani iletim borulu ve tohumlu (Spermaphyta) bitkilerdir. Ayr\u0131ca Magnoliopsida s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n bir temsilcisidir. Biraz daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131ya girersek, s\u00fcper tak\u0131m\u0131 (\u00fcstordo) Proteanae ve tak\u0131m\u0131 (ordo) Proteales\u2019tir. S\u0131n\u0131flaman\u0131n en alt birimi olan familyas\u0131 Platanaceae 1826\u2019da Frans\u0131z do\u011fa bilimci Gaspard Th\u00e9mistocle Lestiboudois (1797-1876) taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Familyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli t\u00fcr\u00fc Do\u011fu \u00e7\u0131nar\u0131 Platanus orientalis <\/em>de \u0130sve\u00e7li botanik\u00e7i Carolus Linnaeus taraf\u0131ndan isimlendirilerek botanik d\u00fcnyas\u0131na tan\u0131t\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Bu ilgin\u00e7 a\u011fac\u0131n fosil kay\u0131tlar\u0131 115 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar gider ama en fazla t\u00fcrlendi\u011fi zaman Eosen\u2019in termal maksimum (55 my\u00f6) d\u00f6nemidir. Platanus\u2019un orientalis<\/em> ve occidentalis<\/em> t\u00fcrleri Erken Miyosen\u2019den ba\u015flay\u0131p g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelen 23 milyon y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcre\u00e7te yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u0131nar a\u011fac\u0131yla ilgili ilk arkeolojik bilgiler de Neolitik d\u00f6neme aittir. Malatya\u2019n\u0131n 40 km kuzeydo\u011fusunda yer alan Caferh\u00f6y\u00fck Neolitik yerle\u015fiminde \u00e7\u0131nar kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 M\u00d6 7500\u2019lere tarihlenmi\u015ftir (Parlak, 2020). M\u0131s\u0131r k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde \u00e7\u0131nar a\u011fac\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan levhalar\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaz\u0131lardan bilinmektedir.
\nGeni\u015f yapraklar\u0131, 30-40 metrelere kadar boylanan, insanl\u0131k tarihinde ululu\u011fun ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn simgesi olan \u201cPlatanus\u201d insan ya\u015fam\u0131nda bir k\u00fcltt\u00fcr. Alt\u0131nda oturanlar, devasa g\u00f6vdesine yaslan\u0131p da dinlenenler onun bu g\u00fcc\u00fcne, ululu\u011funa binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r sayg\u0131 duymu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrk halk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde yer alan ate\u015f, su, hava, toprak ve tanr\u0131 k\u00fcltlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00fcltlerinin de \u00f6nemli bir yeri vard\u0131r.
\nA\u011fa\u00e7 genelde varolu\u015fun, hayat\u0131n, canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, bereketin temsilcisidir. T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde insan taraf\u0131ndan as\u0131rlar boyunca birbirinden farkl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fik rollerle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Tanr\u0131\u2019yla bir ileti\u015fim arac\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00f6t\u00fc ruhlar\u0131 kovma t\u00f6renlerinde, do\u011fa olaylar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirmede, G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in do\u011fu\u015fu ve bat\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, r\u00fczg\u00e2rla ili\u015fkili t\u00f6renlerde, ay tutulmas\u0131nda, ya\u011fmurun ya\u011fmas\u0131nda, y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mlarda, f\u0131rt\u0131nalarda, a\u011fa\u00e7 bir rit\u00fcel unsuru oldu\u011fu gibi ayn\u0131 zamanda da bir k\u00fcltt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Yunan mitolojisinde Marsyas\u2019\u0131n \u00e7\u0131nar a\u011fac\u0131 g\u00f6vdesine ba\u011flanarak derisinin y\u00fcz\u00fclmesini betimleyen bir tablo.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tarihte \u00e7\u0131nar
\n<\/strong>Bahar geldi\u011finde t\u00fcm yaz boyunca el ayas\u0131ndan da b\u00fcy\u00fck, dikenimsi kenarl\u0131 yapraklar\u0131 ile dolu dallar\u0131 g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnden yere a\u00e7\u0131lan bir ye\u015fil \u015femsiye gibidir. \u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihinde bildi\u011fimiz bilgilere g\u00f6re Aristoteles\u2019ten beri bu \u015femsiye alt\u0131nda yap\u0131lan felsefi s\u00f6ylenceler pek me\u015fhurdur. Diyebiliriz ki felsefe bu a\u011fac\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki g\u00f6lgelikte ye\u015fermi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle felsefe co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n a\u011fac\u0131d\u0131r. Ege adalar\u0131, Anadolu\u2019nun bat\u0131 taraflar\u0131 ve Akdeniz ile Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki s\u00f6ylencelerde hep \u00e7\u0131nar vard\u0131r. Ona Hipokrat A\u011fac\u0131 da denir. Efsaneye g\u00f6re, t\u0131bb\u0131n babas\u0131 Hipokrat\u2019\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencilerine ilk t\u0131p bilgilerini \u00f6\u011fretti\u011fi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Kos adas\u0131nda bulunan 12 metre \u00e7evreli P. orientalis<\/em>, Hipokrat Koslu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ona atfedilmi\u015ftir. Bunun i\u00e7in kaynaklarda \u201cHipokrat A\u011fac\u0131\u201d olarak bilinir. Ancak a\u011fa\u00e7, Hipokrat\u2019tan \u00e7ok daha gen\u00e7tir.1<\/sup><\/p>\n

Felsefede \u00e7\u0131nar
\n<\/strong>Milattan \u00f6nce 600\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarda Miletli do\u011fa felsefecileri Tales, Anaksimandros ve Anaksimenes\u2019in do\u011fa ile ilgili (Peri Phseos) s\u00f6yle\u015filerin ve tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n olas\u0131l\u0131kla Milet\u2019in s\u0131cak yazlar\u0131nda bir veya birka\u00e7 Platanus\u2019un g\u00f6lgesi alt\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131r. Anadolu\u2019nun herhangi bir yerinde bir k\u00f6yde, mezrada halk\u0131n toplan\u0131p da konu\u015ftu\u011fu, problemlerine \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm arad\u0131klar\u0131 yer \u00e7\u0131nar g\u00f6lgelikleridir.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Emirgan \u00c7ay Bah\u00e7esi \u00e7\u0131narlar\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

P. orientalis<\/em>, do\u011fu \u00e7\u0131nar\u0131d\u0131r ama Antik Ege\u2019de \u00e7ok sevilir. Homer, Hipokrat, Sokrat ve Platon, ona kutsal bir varl\u0131k gibi sayg\u0131 duyar. \u015eehir d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda pastoral bir ortamda ulu bir Platanus g\u00f6lgesi alt\u0131nda yap\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmalar Platon\u2019un kurgusal kahraman\u0131 \u201cPhaedrusla ilgilidir\u201d. Cicero\u2019nun De Oratore<\/em>\u2019sinin sahnelenmesinde de \u00e7\u0131nar\u0131n rol\u00fc vard\u0131r. Handel\u2019in operas\u0131 \u201cPers imparatoru Darius\u2019un o\u011flu Xerxes\u201din ba\u015fkarakterinin \u201c\u00e7\u0131nar a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131\u201d \u00f6verek s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u00fcnl\u00fc aryan\u0131n (Ombra mai fu \/ \u00c7\u0131nar a\u011fac\u0131na yakar\u0131\u015f) m\u0131sralar\u0131nda gizlidir.2<\/sup> \u015e\u00f6yle s\u00f6ylenir:<\/p>\n

\u201cSevgili \u00e7\u0131nar a\u011fac\u0131m\u0131n<\/em><\/p>\n

Sevecen ve g\u00fczel yapraklar\u0131<\/em><\/p>\n

Sizin i\u00e7in parl\u0131yor kader.<\/em><\/p>\n

G\u00f6k g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fc, \u015fim\u015fek ve f\u0131rt\u0131nalar<\/em><\/p>\n

Asla incitmesin sevgili bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131,<\/em><\/p>\n

Y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 r\u00fczg\u00e2r lekeleyemesin sizi\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Asla bir bitkinin<\/em><\/p>\n

G\u00f6lgesi,<\/em><\/p>\n

Daha sevgili, sevilesi ve b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici olmad\u0131.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Mitolojide \u00e7\u0131nar
\n<\/strong>Binlerce y\u0131ldan bu yana Anadolu\u2019da imparatorun, h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n, yasal yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n simgesi oldu\u011fu gibi, ataerkil bir toplumun egemenlik kurallar\u0131n\u0131n uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 sembollerden biridir. G\u00f6vde kabu\u011funun kendili\u011finden soyulmas\u0131, di\u011fer a\u011fa\u00e7lardan daha p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz ve estetik bir peyzaja sahip olmas\u0131, onu barbar mutlak bir g\u00fcc\u00fcn belirteci haline getirmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u0131nar dile geldi\u011finde \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cUluyum ve bir g\u00fcc\u00fcm var. Bunu do\u011fadan de\u011fil k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve onun kurallar\u0131ndan al\u0131r\u0131m.\u201d
\nBiliriz ki P. orientalis<\/em> g\u00f6vdesinin alt k\u0131sm\u0131 kal\u0131n ve sert kabukludur. \u00dcste do\u011fru a\u011fac\u0131n genelde \u00e7atalland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerden ba\u015flayarak bu kal\u0131n kabuk soyulur. \u00d6nce k\u0131z\u0131l-kahve, ince kabuklar bu sert kabuktan ayr\u0131larak d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Alt\u0131nda sar\u0131n\u0131n tonlar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak koyu ye\u015filden a\u00e7\u0131k ye\u015file ve griyle renklenen \u00e7\u0131plak bir y\u00fczey kal\u0131r. Bununla ilgili bir ba\u015fka s\u00f6ylence yank\u0131lan\u0131r Antik Ege\u2019de:
\nSatyr, \u00fcst\u00fc insan alt\u0131 ke\u00e7i bi\u00e7imli k\u0131r tanr\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Do\u011fan\u0131n \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n sembol\u00fcd\u00fcr. D\u00fczene, kurallara geleneklere kar\u015f\u0131 gelmesiyle bilinir. Antik Ege mitlerinde \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131l\u0131r: Homeros\u2019a g\u00f6re yar\u0131 tanr\u0131sal fantastik yarat\u0131klard\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olduklar\u0131nda Satyr olarak bilinirler. Ya\u015flar\u0131 ilerledi\u011finde b\u00fcy\u00fcrler, bacaklar\u0131ndaki k\u0131llar t\u00fcm v\u00fccutlar\u0131n\u0131 kaplar. Bu hale geldiklerinde onlara \u201csilenos\u201d denir. Antik d\u00f6nemin erken zamanlar\u0131nda bacaklar\u0131 at bacaklar\u0131 gibidir. M\u00d6 alt\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131lda daha s\u0131k insan bacaklar\u0131na benzeyen bacaklar\u0131yla temsil edilmi\u015flerdir. Kirli bir yeleye benzeyen i\u011fren\u00e7 sa\u00e7lar\u0131, kalk\u0131k burunlu hayvani y\u00fczleri karakteristiktir. Satyr\u2019ler, m\u00fcstehcenlikleri ile de bilinir. \u015earap, m\u00fczik, dans ve kad\u0131nla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ferek \u015farap ve e\u011flence tanr\u0131s\u0131 Dionysos\u2019un yolda\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015flard\u0131r.
\nMarsyas\u2019a gelince o, yar\u0131 insan yar\u0131 ke\u00e7i bi\u00e7imli ya\u015flanm\u0131\u015f bir satyr\u2019dir. O, ayn\u0131 zamanda Irmak Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Oiagros\u2019un m\u00fczikle ilgilenen Frigyal\u0131 o\u011fludur. Antik Ege mitlerinde bu konu \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131l\u0131r:
\nEfsaneye g\u00f6re, M\u00d6 4000 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, Tanr\u0131\u00e7a Athena geyik kemi\u011fi, bir ba\u015fka s\u00f6ylenceye g\u00f6re de B\u00fcy\u00fck Menderes \u00c7ay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerdeki bir g\u00f6lde yeti\u015fen uzun sazlar \u00fczerine delikler a\u00e7ar, \u00fcfledi\u011finde \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 seslerden \u00e7ok etkilenir. Bu bulu\u015fu ile gururlan\u0131r ve tanr\u0131lar \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7almak i\u00e7in d\u00fczenlenen ziyafetlerine kat\u0131l\u0131r. Athena fl\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7almaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca, Aphrodit ve Hera onun y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekille alay edince sinirlenir ve toplant\u0131y\u0131 terk eder. \u0130ki tanr\u0131\u00e7a kendisiyle neden alay etmi\u015ftir? Ida (Kaz Da\u011f\u0131) da\u011f\u0131 eteklerinde bir su kayna\u011f\u0131na gider burada bir su kenar\u0131nda fl\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7almaya ba\u015flar. Y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekli suyun berrak y\u00fczeyinde g\u00f6r\u00fcnce \u015fa\u015f\u0131r\u0131r. Tanr\u0131\u00e7alar ger\u00e7ekten hakl\u0131d\u0131r. Yanaklar\u0131 \u015fi\u015fmi\u015f ve y\u00fcz\u00fc \u00e7irkinle\u015fmi\u015ftir. K\u0131zar, sinirlenir fl\u00fct\u00fc lanetleyerek atar. Onu bulup da kullanan\u0131n da b\u00fcy\u00fck cezalara \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 diler. S\u00f6ylence budur ya, m\u00fczik yetene\u011fi olan k\u0131r tanr\u0131s\u0131 Marsyas do\u011fada dola\u015f\u0131rken bir kenara at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f lanetli fl\u00fct\u00fc bulur, ilahiler yazarak bunlar\u0131 fl\u00fct\u00fcyle seslendirir. K\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra da \u00fcn\u00fc etrafa yay\u0131l\u0131r. Bu haber k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra Tanr\u0131 Apollon\u2019un kula\u011f\u0131na gider. G\u00fczel Sanatlar Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Apollon i\u00e7in bu bir meydan okumad\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in Frig Kral\u0131 Midas, halk\u0131n ve su perilerinden olu\u015fan hakemlerin huzurunda Marsyas ile Apollon\u2019u yar\u0131\u015fmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r. Yar\u0131\u015fma sonras\u0131nda kazanan kaybedene diledi\u011fi cezay\u0131 verecektir.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Sultanahmet Meydan\u0131ndan G\u00fclhane\u2019ye do\u011fru giderken \u201cTa\u015fl\u0131 \u00c7\u0131nar\u201d.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Apollon \u00fc\u00e7 telli g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f Lyra\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7alar, Marsyas da fl\u00fct\u00fc ile dinleyenleri adeta b\u00fcy\u00fcler. Yar\u0131\u015fma sonunda Kral Midas, Marsyas\u2019\u0131, su perileri de Apollon\u2019u se\u00e7er. Berabere kald\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in Apollon \u00e7ok k\u0131zar ve Lyra\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 ters \u00e7evirip ayn\u0131 melodiyi tekrar \u00e7alar. Marsyas\u2019a da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde fl\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7almas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Ancak Marsyas fl\u00fct\u00fc tersten \u00e7alamaz ve yar\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 kaybeder.
\nApollon, Kral Midas ve Marsyas\u2019\u0131 cezaland\u0131rmaya karar verir. Kral Midas\u2019\u0131 kulaklar\u0131 iyi duymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek lanetler ve kulaklar\u0131n\u0131 e\u015fekkula\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr. Marsyas\u2019\u0131 da \u00e7\u0131nar a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n o kal\u0131n g\u00f6vdesine ba\u011flayarak derisini y\u00fczd\u00fcr\u00fcr.
\nMarsyas do\u011fan\u0131n f\u0131s\u0131lday\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 duyarak onu seslendirir. Kam\u0131\u015ftan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 fl\u00fct\u00fcnden \u00fcfledi\u011fi do\u011fan\u0131n sesi ile Apollon\u2019un k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc temsil eden Lyra\u2019s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koyabilece\u011fini, ona \u00fcst\u00fcn gelece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr ama bunun, do\u011fan\u0131n sesinin k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn sesine kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sava\u015f oldu\u011funu anlayamaz. Bu mitosta \u00e7\u0131nar a\u011fac\u0131, yasalar\u0131n ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn sembol\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bir \u00e7\u0131nar a\u011fac\u0131 alt\u0131nda Zeus\u2019un huzurunda kurulan mahkeme; asl\u0131nda ba\u015f\u0131bozuk do\u011faya kar\u015f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn yarg\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 ve cezaland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7indir.
\nMarsyas\u2019\u0131n \u00e7\u0131nar a\u011fac\u0131na ba\u011flanarak derisinin y\u00fcz\u00fclmesi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Anadolu T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinde \u00e7\u0131nar a\u011fac\u0131na \u201cderi d\u00f6ken, derisini atan\u201d anlam\u0131ndaki \u201ckavlan, kavla\u011fan\u201d isminin verilmesi ile \u00f6zde\u015ftir. \u00c7\u0131nar b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e par\u00e7a par\u00e7a kabuklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6ker. D\u00f6k\u00fclen kabuklardan sonra Satyr\u2019in k\u0131ll\u0131 bedeni gibi p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fc g\u00f6vdesinin p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz bir hale gelmesi insanlar taraf\u0131ndan yarat\u0131lan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn do\u011fan\u0131n kurals\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir sembol\u00fcd\u00fcr. Di\u011fer bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fle bu sembol insan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011faya estetik olarak m\u00fcdahalesinin bir mottosudur. \u00c7\u0131nar, belden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131 bir ke\u00e7inin bedenini ta\u015f\u0131yan, ancak yukar\u0131s\u0131 insan bi\u00e7imli olan Satyr\u2019e \u015fu mesaj\u0131 verir. \u201cSen hi\u00e7bir zaman bir tanr\u0131yla boy \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc\u015femezsin, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc tanr\u0131 dedi\u011fin insan formundad\u0131r. Sen ise yar\u0131 hayvan oldu\u011funa bakmadan tanr\u0131yla boy \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc\u015fmeye kalkarsan ba\u015f\u0131na gelecek budur. Derin y\u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde kurban edilmi\u015f bir hayvandan fark\u0131n yoktur. Kabu\u011fu soyulunca insan bedenine (tanr\u0131ya) benzeyen \u00e7\u0131nar a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n tersine, senin kabu\u011fun soyuldu\u011funda senin bedenin insan bedeni de\u011fil vah\u015fi bir hayvan bedenidir.3<\/sup><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk mitolojisinde kutsal a\u011fa\u00e7lar ve \u00e7\u0131nar
\n<\/strong>G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne do\u011fru uzanan, \u00e7evresinde ba\u015fka a\u011fa\u00e7 bulunmayan tek a\u011fa\u00e7lar inanca g\u00f6re g\u00f6kte oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n cennetine eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in kutsal bir yolu temsil eder. Bu nedenle T\u00fcrk inanc\u0131na g\u00f6re kutsal a\u011fa\u00e7lar Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n somut bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc olarak alg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f ve tanr\u0131sall\u0131k kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Ergun, 2000).
\nKavak, me\u015fe, kay\u0131n, elma ve \u00e7\u0131nar gibi a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n T\u00fcrk mitolojisinde \u00f6nemli yeri vard\u0131r. Hemen hemen t\u00fcm\u00fc \u201cYer Tengri, G\u00f6k Tengri\u201d ile ili\u015fkilidir. Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131nar \u00f6zel bir yere sahiptir. Ululu\u011fu, g\u00f6rkemlili\u011fi ile di\u011ferlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Metrelerce \u00e7ap\u0131 ve \u00e7evresi ile sanki a\u011fa\u00e7 \u00fcst\u00fcnde ba\u015fka bir a\u011fa\u00e7 varm\u0131\u015f gibi \u00e7atallanan dallar\u0131 ve geni\u015f yapraklar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu g\u00f6\u011fe y\u00fckselen devasa bir \u015femsiyeyi and\u0131r\u0131r. K\u0131\u015f geldi\u011finde yapraklar\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr ama ululu\u011fundan bir \u015fey kaybetmez. Dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ko\u015fula uyum sa\u011flar. Uzun y\u0131llar ya\u015far. Sonu geldi\u011finde, ya\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u00e7i bo\u015fal\u0131r, kovukla\u015f\u0131r, bir oda gibi olur. O zaman dahi koruyucudur. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7\u0131nar, yerle\u015fik hayat\u0131, uzun \u00f6mr\u00fc ve k\u00f6k salmay\u0131 da simgeler. Bu nedenledir ki, Anadolu\u2019da ve imparatorlu\u011fun ba\u015fkentlerinde her do\u011fum i\u00e7in bir \u00e7\u0131nar dikilmi\u015ftir (Torlak, 2013).<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131nar
\n<\/strong>Edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zda, \u00f6zellikle de divan edebiyat\u0131nda ve tasavvufda \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir. Hakk\u0131nda g\u00fczel s\u00f6zler s\u00f6ylenmi\u015f, efsaneler dile getirilmi\u015f, beyitler, \u015fiirler yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Divan \u015fairleri \u015fiirlerinde bir\u00e7ok kez bu muhte\u015fem a\u011fa\u00e7 i\u00e7in beyitler dizmi\u015ftir.
\n\u00c7\u0131nar\u0131 divan edebiyat\u0131nda s\u0131k\u00e7a kullanan bir tabiat fig\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemindeki \u00f6nemi g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilemez. 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l divan \u015fairlerinden Veliyy\u00fcdd\u00een-z\u00e2de Ahmed Pa\u015fa \u00e7\u0131nara sanki meftundur. \u00c7o\u011fu beyitlerinde bu ulu a\u011fa\u00e7tan bahseder.
\nAhmed Pa\u015fa Divan\u2019da yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 beyitlerde \u00e7\u0131nar\u0131, yapraklar\u0131 ile ele, dallar\u0131 ile de kola benzetir. \u00c7\u0131nar, dua eden, niyazda bulunan, ya da hizmet eden ki\u015fidir. Bu kimse \u015fairin \u00f6vd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fah\u0131s ya da sevgilidir. Baz\u0131 beyitlerinde ise kendisi \u00e7\u0131nard\u0131r, sevgili de serv (uzun boylu sevgili)dir. Divan\u2019da \u00e7\u0131nar a\u011fac\u0131 kullan\u0131lan beyitlerin \u00e7o\u011funda \u00e7\u0131nar\u0131 \u015fekli nedeniyle ellerini g\u00f6\u011fe a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f sevgiliye dua eden a\u015f\u0131\u011fa da benzetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\"\"
B\u00fcy\u00fckdere \u00c7\u0131nar\u0131 (Platane de Godenferoy de Bouillon) grav\u00fcr\u00fc.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cSissen dil uzaduban okur z\u00fclf\u00fcne sena<\/em><\/p>\n

El g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr \u00e7\u0131nar boyuna du\u2019\u00f4\u2019 i\u00e7in<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Ahmed Pa\u015fa baz\u0131 beyitlerinde sararan \u00e7\u0131nar yapraklar\u0131 sanki sevgilisinin k\u0131nal\u0131 elidir ve bunu \u015fu beyti ile dile getirir.<\/p>\n

\u201cBenzer ki k\u00e2se sunma\u011fa han\u0131nda \u0131yd\u0131n\u0131n<\/em><\/p>\n

Reng etmi\u015f ellerini g\u00fczeller gibi \u00e7\u0131nar<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

\u015eair bir ba\u015fka beytinde \u00e7\u0131nara \u00e2\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131nara te\u015fbihi, sevgilinin servidir. \u00c7\u0131nar\u0131n geni\u015f ve uzun dallar\u0131yla servinin yan\u0131nda bulunu\u015fu veya \u00f6yle hayal edilmesi, Ahmed Pa\u015fa\u2019ya kolunu sevgilisinin boynuna atm\u0131\u015f a\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cNaz ile \u00e7\u0131nar att\u0131 kolun boynuna servin<\/em><\/p>\n

Bir yerde iki \u00e2\u015f\u0131k u ma\u015fuk idi g\u00fcya<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. y\u00fczy\u0131l divan edebiyat\u0131 \u015fairlerinden B\u00e2ki de \u00e7\u0131nar i\u00e7in \u015f\u00f6yle konu\u015fur:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u201cE\u015fc\u00e2r-\u0131 ba\u011f h\u0131rka-i tecr\u00eede girdiler \/ B\u00e2d-\u0131 hazan \u00e7emende el ald\u0131 \u00e7en\u00e2rdan<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

    Anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r anlam\u0131yla: Bah\u00e7edeki a\u011fa\u00e7lar yapraklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6kt\u00fc. Sonbahar r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131 \u00e7\u0131nar a\u011fac\u0131ndan el ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. y\u00fczy\u0131l divan \u015fairlerinden Sabr-i \u015eakir \u015f\u00f6yle der \u00e7\u0131nar i\u00e7in:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u201cAleme \u015famil o kadar h\u0131fz\u0131 kim<\/em><\/p>\n

      s\u00fbz-i der\u00fbn ile tutu\u015fmaz \u00e7\u0131nar<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

      \u00c2rif-z\u00e2de \u00c2s\u0131m 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l divan \u015fairlerindendir. \u00c7\u0131nar i\u00e7in \u015f\u00f6yle yazar:<\/p>\n

      \u201cPirlikte ate\u015f-i fakr\u0131n olur te\u2019siri saht<\/em><\/p>\n

      G\u00f6r \u00e7enar-\u0131 k\u00f6hnenin halin nice suzan olur<\/em>\u201d (Onay, 1996)<\/p>\n

      Servet-i F\u00fcn\u00fbn \u015fairi Tevfik Fikret, \u00e7\u0131nar a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131 bir \u015fiirinde \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r.4<\/sup> <\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u201cBir \u00e7\u0131nar g\u00f6rd\u00fck; enli, boylu, vakur<\/em><\/p>\n

      Bir a\u011fa\u00e7 hi\u00e7 e\u011filmemi\u015f ma\u011frur<\/em><\/p>\n

      Koca bir g\u00f6vde, belki alt\u0131 as\u0131r<\/em><\/p>\n

      Belki ondan da fazla dalg\u0131n, a\u011f\u0131r<\/em>\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

      Daha kimler dil etmi\u015ftir \u00e7\u0131nar i\u00e7in. \u00d6rne\u011fin Servet-i F\u00fcn\u00fbn edebiyat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fazade Mehmet Sami Bey k\u0131sa ad\u0131yla \u201cS\u00fcleyman Nesib\u201d \u00e7\u0131nar i\u00e7in \u015f\u00f6yle der:<\/p>\n

      \u201cHa\u015fre dek yansa derun-suz-\u0131 hasretle nola<\/em><\/p>\n

      \u00c7un harimi g\u00fcl\u015fene destin d\u0131raz etmi\u015f \u00c7enar\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

      Dadalo\u011flu ise \u201cBeyler Nic Oldu\u201d \u015fiirinde \u00e7\u0131nar\u0131 farkl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde anlat\u0131r. Der ki,<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u201c\u00c7enar sana s\u0131rt\u0131n verip oturan<\/em><\/p>\n

      P\u00f6hrenk (yeralt\u0131ndaki suyolu) ile sular\u0131n\u0131 getiren<\/em><\/p>\n

      Ha deyince be\u015f y\u00fcz atl\u0131 getiren<\/em><\/p>\n

      Samur k\u00fcrkl\u00fc koca beyler nic\u2019oldu<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

      N\u00e2z\u0131m Hikmet<\/strong>, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden on sene \u00f6nce yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cVasiyet\u201d adl\u0131 \u015fiirinde \u00e7\u0131nardan \u015f\u00f6yle bahseder:<\/p>\n

      \u201cYolda\u015flar, \u00f6l\u00fcrsem o g\u00fcnden \u00f6nce yani,\u00a0<\/em>
      \n-\u00f6yle gibi de g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor-
      \nAnadolu\u2019da bir k\u00f6y mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fcn beni
      \nve de uyar\u0131na gelirse,
      \ntepemde bir de \u00e7\u0131nar olursa
      \nta\u015f ma\u015f da istemez hani<\/em>\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

      Ahmet Hamdi Tanp\u0131nar\u2019\u0131n \u201cBursa\u2019da Zaman\u201d adl\u0131 \u015fiirinde \u00e7\u0131nar i\u00e7in ilk m\u0131sralar \u015f\u00f6yledir: <\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u201c<\/strong>Bursa\u2019da eski bir cami avlusu<\/em><\/p>\n

      K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u015fad\u0131rvanda \u015fak\u0131yan su;<\/em><\/p>\n

      Orhan zaman\u0131ndan kalan bir duvar.<\/em><\/p>\n

      Onunla bir ya\u015fta ihtiyar bir \u00e7\u0131nar<\/em><\/p>\n

      Eliyor d\u00f6rt yana sakin bir g\u00fcn\u00fc<\/em><\/p>\n

      Bir r\u00fcyadan arta kalman\u0131n h\u00fczn\u00fc<\/em><\/p>\n

      \u0130\u00e7inde g\u00fcl\u00fcyor bana derinden<\/em><\/p>\n

      Y\u00fczlerce \u00e7e\u015fmenin serinli\u011finden<\/em>\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

      \"\"
      \u00c7ay\u0131rba\u015f\u0131-Belgrad yolu.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      Tanzimat\u2019tan sonra Bat\u0131 edebiyat\u0131ndan etkilenen ve Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemi T\u00fcrk \u015fiirinin \u00f6nemli simalar\u0131ndan Cenap \u015eahabettin (1870-1934) \u201c\u00c7\u0131nar\u201d \u015fiirinde \u015f\u00f6yle der:5<\/sup> <\/em><\/p>\n

      \u201cBir zaman ha\u015fmeti hep meydan\u0131 \u00f6rten bu \u00e7\u0131nar <\/em><\/p>\n

      \u015eimdi m\u00e2zideki d\u00e2r\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 hasretle anar.<\/em><\/p>\n

      Kubbesinden bile k\u00f6y mescidini a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131;<\/em><\/p>\n

      Bir ucu g\u00f6vdesinin g\u00f6klere yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

      K\u00f6kleri \u00f6yle temellerdi ki sadr-\u0131 k\u00fcrede <\/em><\/p>\n

      Zelzele sallayamazd\u0131 onu, y\u0131kmak nerede?<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

      \u0130stanbul\u2019da \u00e7\u0131nar
      \n<\/strong>Tarihi tarihlere s\u0131\u011fmayan bu kent, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7\u0131narlar kentidir. \u00c7\u0131narla ilgili en g\u00fczel benzetme bir \u0130ngiliz seyyah\u0131na aittir. \u00c7\u0131nar\u0131n tarihini okurken \u201c\u0130stanbul\u201d diye yazar. O T\u00fcrk ruhunun b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, y\u00fcceli\u011fi ve asaletidir.
      \n\u0130stanbul\u2019un tarihini \u00e7\u0131narlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirler. Nerede bir \u00e7\u0131nar varsa orada tarih vard\u0131r. S\u00f6ylenceler vard\u0131r, mitoloji vard\u0131r. Devasa \u00e7\u0131narlar onunla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fir, bir yerde \u015fehrin al\u00e2metifarikas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130stanbul\u2019un \u00e7\u0131nar\u0131 endemik P. oriantalis<\/em> yani Do\u011fu \u00c7\u0131nar\u0131 ya da Osmanl\u0131 \u00c7\u0131nar\u0131\u2019d\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka yayg\u0131n \u00e7\u0131nar ise, Kuzey Amerika\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerinde yerle\u015fik olan Bat\u0131 \u00c7\u0131nar\u0131 (Sycamore) da denilen P. occidentalis<\/em> ile bu iki endemik \u00e7\u0131nar\u0131n en yayg\u0131n do\u011fal melezi olan P. acerifolia<\/em> yani Londra \u00c7\u0131nar\u0131\u2019d\u0131r.6
      \n<\/sup>Biz \u0130stanbul\u2019dan bahsedece\u011fiz ama zannetmeyin ki P. orientalis<\/em> yaln\u0131z buradad\u0131r, o Ege adalar\u0131ndan ba\u015flay\u0131p Anadolu\u2019dan do\u011fuya kadar uzanan bir co\u011frafyada yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Saraylar\u0131n bah\u00e7elerinde, tarihi yol kenarlar\u0131nda, parklarda meydanlarda, bir \u00e7e\u015fme ba\u015f\u0131nda hep o vard\u0131r. S\u0131cak yaz zamanlar\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131narlar\u0131n yapraklardan olu\u015fan o muhte\u015fem devasa \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda yap\u0131lan s\u00f6ylenceler, dinlenceler her bir mek\u00e2n i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli \u201c\u00c7\u0131naralt\u0131\u201d deyi\u015fi ile \u00f6zde\u015ftir.
      \n\u00d6rne\u011fin Beyaz\u0131t meydan\u0131 dev \u00e7\u0131narlar\u0131n mek\u00e2n\u0131d\u0131r. Buran\u0131n hik\u00e2yesi Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu zaman\u0131nda 393 y\u0131l\u0131nda Theodosius Forumu\u2019nun yap\u0131lmas\u0131yla ba\u015flar. Kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Ordu caddesinin Beyaz\u0131t meydan\u0131na sonland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde Simke\u015fhane\u2019nin hemen yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunur. Beyaz\u0131t meydan\u0131nda eskiden Harbiye Nezareti olan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin kaps\u0131ndan girip de Atat\u00fcrk heykeline do\u011fru uzanan yolda sa\u011fl\u0131 sollu P. orientalis<\/em>\u2019ler dizilidir. Meydanda dikkat \u00e7eken iki \u00e7\u0131nar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      \"\"
      Bilezik\u00e7i \u00c7iftli\u011fi\u2019nde \u201cAhtapot \u00c7\u0131nar\u201d.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      Eski \u0130stanbul \u00fcniversiteliler onu \u00e7\u0131nar\u0131n dev g\u00f6vdesinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde kurdu\u011fu kitap ve eski para sergisinden tan\u0131r. \u015eairdir H\u00fcseyin Avni, beline kadar uzanan yer yer sar\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f beyaz sakal\u0131 ile arkas\u0131n\u0131 yaslad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131nar\u0131n g\u00f6vdesi ile neredeyse b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmi\u015f gibidir. Yaln\u0131z Beyaz\u0131t de\u011fil t\u00fcm \u0130stanbul tan\u0131r onu. Platonik zamanlar\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f simas\u0131d\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda belediye ile ba\u015f\u0131 derde girmi\u015ftir. Kitaplar\u0131na el konulmu\u015ftur ama uzun u\u011fra\u015flardan sonra halk\u0131n deste\u011fi ile onunla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmi\u015f \u00e7\u0131nar a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131ndaki yerine yeniden kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Ama daha da \u00f6nemlisi cami giri\u015findeki 350 y\u0131ll\u0131k muhte\u015fem P. orientalis<\/em> art\u0131k \u015fair H\u00fcseyin Avni Dede \u00c7\u0131nar\u0131 olarak bilinecektir.
      \nCaminin iki devasa duvar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u201c\u00c7\u0131naralt\u0131\u201d bulunur. P. orientalis<\/em>, nice \u00f6\u011frenci a\u015fklar\u0131n\u0131n ye\u015ferdi\u011fi, nice s\u00f6ylencelerin ak\u0131p gitti\u011fi, tav\u015fankan\u0131 \u00e7aylar\u0131n i\u00e7ildi\u011fi, ders notlar\u0131n\u0131n masadan masaya dola\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, tansiyoncular\u0131n, tablalar\u0131nda \u00e7iklet satanlar\u0131n, piyangocular\u0131n vazge\u00e7emedikleri mek\u00e2nd\u0131r.
      \nBir de Emirgan\u2019daki \u00e7\u0131naralt\u0131 vard\u0131r ki 50-60\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n dillere destan \u00e7ay bah\u00e7esidir. Daldan dala uzanan iplere dizili renkli lambalar\u0131n s\u00fcsledi\u011fi \u00e7\u0131naralt\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n duygusal izlerinden geriye hi\u00e7bir \u015feyler kalmam\u0131\u015f, k\u00fclt\u00fcr yok olmu\u015ftur. Bir masaya oturup gelen \u00e7ay\u0131n rengine de\u011fi\u015fik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere dalabilseniz de hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin eskisi gibi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamakta zorlanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z kesindir. Bo\u011faz\u2019dan esen sert r\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u0131n h\u0131\u015f\u0131rdatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapraklar ya da \u00e7\u0131plak dallara \u015f\u00f6yle bir kulak verirseniz, aralar\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015fin o naif g\u00fczelli\u011finin t\u0131n\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 belki duyabilirsiniz.
      \nEy\u00fcp Sultan Camii\u2019nin i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f avlular\u0131ndaki as\u0131rl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131narlar\u0131n tarihi, Fatih Sultan Mehmed ile \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Selim\u2019e kadar uzan\u0131r. Kad\u0131k\u00f6y Osman A\u011fa Camii\u201dnin avlusundaki \u00e7\u0131nar\u0131n kitabesinde \u015f\u00f6yle yazar; \u201cBu \u00e7\u0131nar\u0131 gars eden (diken) Bab\u00fcssaade A\u011fas\u0131 merhum Buhar\u0131zade Osman A\u011fa Camii \u015eerifi imam ve hatibi es-Seyid Mehmed As\u0131m\u2019d\u0131r. Y\u0131l; Hicri 25 Rebi\u00fclahir (Bahar\u0131n Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 1298), Rumi: 14 Mart 1297, Miladi, 1879\u201d.
      \nKimse fark etmemi\u015ftir ya da ilgisini \u00e7ekmemi\u015ftir. Sultanahmet\u2019ten G\u00fclhane\u2019ye inerken yolun ortas\u0131nda, sa\u011f\u0131ndan solundan ge\u00e7en tramvaylar\u0131n aras\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f neredeyse elektrik telleriyle direkleri aras\u0131nda bo\u011fulmu\u015f P. orientalis<\/em>, tarihe ve vandalizme meydan okurcas\u0131na halen oradad\u0131r.
      \nAncak bu kadarla da de\u011fildir. \u0130stanbul\u2019da bir \u00e7\u0131nar katliam\u0131 vard\u0131r ki di\u011ferleri bunun yan\u0131nda \u00f6nemsiz kal\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu ki\u015fi bunu bilmez. Ordu Caddesi, Beyaz\u0131t\u2019tan Aksaray\u2019a caddenin ortas\u0131nda P. orientalis<\/em>\u2019ler (Osmanl\u0131 \u00c7\u0131nar\u0131) sanki a\u011fa\u00e7tan bir t\u00fcnel gibidir. Tarih 1950\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n sonuna yak\u0131n bir zamand\u0131r. DP h\u00fck\u00fcmettir. Topkap\u0131 ve Edirnekap\u0131\u2019daki \u015fehre giri\u015f yollar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u0131k\u0131m ba\u015flat\u0131r. Millet Caddesi\u2019nde bir\u00e7ok bina ve bunun yan\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok tarihi eser yok edilir. Aksaray\u2019dan Beyaz\u0131t\u2019a kadar Ordu Caddesi\u2019nin orta kald\u0131r\u0131m\u0131nda bulunan y\u00fcze yak\u0131n as\u0131rl\u0131k devasa Osmanl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131narlar\u0131 bir iki hafta i\u00e7inde kesilir. \u00c7\u0131nar cesetleri yola yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. As\u0131rl\u0131k tarihi doku katledilmi\u015ftir.
      \nSultanahmet Meydan\u0131\u2019ndaki \u201cYeni\u00e7eri \u00c7\u0131nar\u0131\u201d olarak da bilinen \u015eecere-i \u201cVakvak \u00c7\u0131nar\u0131\u201d ya da \u201cKanl\u0131 \u00c7\u0131nar\u201d kanl\u0131 olaylar\u0131n \u015fahididir. 1656\u2019da IV. Sultan Mehmet\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 gelen yeni\u00e7eri ve kap\u0131kulu s\u00fcvarileri 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki gen\u00e7 padi\u015fahtan, saray entrikalar\u0131na kar\u0131\u015fan harem a\u011falar\u0131n\u0131n kellelerini ister. Hepsi idam edilir ve saray duvarlar\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya at\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130syanc\u0131lar da \u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u00e7\u0131plak soyduklar\u0131 bu cesetleri ayaklar\u0131na ba\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131 ipler ile At Meydan\u0131\u2019na kadar (Sultanahmet) s\u00fcr\u00fckleyerek getirir ve oradaki ulu bir \u00e7\u0131nar\u0131n dallar\u0131na asar. Bu a\u011fa\u00e7 tarihin kanl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131nar\u0131 olarak bilinen \u201cVakvak \u00c7\u0131nar\u0131\u201dd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      \"\"
      Bilezik\u00e7i \u00c7iftli\u011fi\u2019nde \u201c\u00d6r\u00fcmcek \u00c7\u0131nar\u201d.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      Daha Osmanl\u0131 yokken B\u00fcy\u00fckdere d\u00fczl\u00fcklerinde \u00c7ay\u0131rba\u015f\u0131\u2019ndaki tarihi olaylara \u015fahit olmu\u015f ulu \u00c7\u0131narlardan s\u00f6z edilir. 1096 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ha\u00e7l\u0131 kumandanlar\u0131ndan Godenferoy de Bouillon\u2019un, B\u00fcy\u00fckdere \u00c7ay\u0131r\u0131nda, g\u00f6lgesi alt\u0131nda kararg\u00e2h kurdu\u011fu Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00c7\u0131nar\u0131 (Platane de Godenferoy de Bouillon) bunlardan biridir. Alt\u0131 kocaman g\u00f6vdenin birle\u015fmesinden olu\u015fan \u00e7\u0131nar\u0131n \u00e7evresinin 32 metre, boyunun ise 60 metre oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenir. \u00c7\u0131narl\u0131 bu d\u00fczl\u00fckler uzun s\u00fcre Osmanl\u0131 sultanlar\u0131n\u0131n dinlence ve av mek\u00e2n\u0131 olarak da kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131nar\u0131n kovuk g\u00f6vdesinde bulunan \u00e7ay oca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alev almas\u0131 sonucunda t\u00fcm\u00fcyle yanarak geriye yaln\u0131z s\u00f6ylenceleri kal\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn \u0130stanbul\u2019da say\u0131s\u0131z an\u0131tsal nitelikte \u00e7\u0131nar a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 vard\u0131r ama bunlardan en dikkat \u00e7ekeni Bilezik\u00e7i \u00c7iftli\u011findeki \u201cUyuyan \u00c7\u0131nar veya Ahtapot \u00c7\u0131nar\u201d ile \u201c\u00d6r\u00fcmcek \u00c7\u0131nar\u201dd\u0131r. Buraya ula\u015f\u0131m yolu da sa\u011fl\u0131 sollu \u00e7\u0131narlarla s\u0131ral\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fckdere \u00c7ay\u0131rba\u015f\u0131 Caddesi, Bah\u00e7ek\u00f6y Sukemeri ve devam\u0131nda Valide Sultan Caddesi, Orman Fak\u00fcltesi yolu ve Belgrat ormanlar\u0131na giden yolun her iki taraf\u0131 P. acerifolia<\/em> ile kapl\u0131d\u0131r ve sonbaharda hen\u00fcz sararm\u0131\u015f yapraklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6kmeden sar\u0131 bir t\u00fcnel gibidir. Ahtapot \u00c7\u0131nar, kal\u0131n ve k\u0131sa g\u00f6vdesi \u00fczerinde yanlara do\u011fru uzanm\u0131\u015f 5-6 adet g\u00f6vdemsi dallar\u0131 ile bir ahtapot gibidir. \u00c7iftli\u011fin i\u00e7inde bir ba\u015fka ya\u015fl\u0131 an\u0131t \u00e7\u0131nar a\u011fac\u0131 daha bulunur. \u00c7\u0131nar ya\u015f\u0131 ilerledik\u00e7e \u201cgelin bana sizi koruyay\u0131m\u201d dercesine i\u00e7ini bo\u015falt\u0131r. Buradaki \u00e7\u0131nar (\u00d6r\u00fcmcek \u00c7\u0131nar) i\u015fte b\u00f6yledir. \u0130\u00e7i bir-iki ki\u015finin rahatl\u0131kla ya\u015fayabilece\u011fi bir oda kadar oyulmu\u015ftur. Suadiye ile Bostanc\u0131 aras\u0131nda pek bilinmeyen bir \u00c7\u0131narl\u0131 sokak vard\u0131r ki, yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 metrelik bir yolda y\u00fcze yak\u0131n P. acerifolia<\/em> sa\u011fl\u0131 sollu dizilidir. Her g\u00fcn ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz ama hi\u00e7 dikkat etmedi\u011fimiz me\u015fhur Ba\u011fdat Caddesi boyunca neredeyse Bostanc\u0131\u2019dan Kad\u0131k\u00f6y\u2019e kadar y\u00fczlerce P. orientalis<\/em> yazlar\u0131 t\u00fcm caddeyi g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6remeyecek \u015fekilde bir t\u00fcnel gibi yapar.<\/p>\n

      G\u00fclhane\u2019de \u00e7\u0131nar
      \n<\/strong>G\u00fclhane\u2019nin \u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7\u0131narlar\u0131ndan gelir. G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne do\u011fru gittik\u00e7e incelerek uzayan devasa \u00e7\u0131narlar\u0131n dallar\u0131 bulutlara sanki bir \u015feyler anlat\u0131r gibidir. \u00c7o\u011fu Do\u011fu \u00c7\u0131nar\u0131 P. orientalis<\/em>\u2019tir, ama buna e\u015flik eden melezi P. acerifolia<\/em> da yer yer patikalar\u0131n kenarlar\u0131nda s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Belli ki ya\u015flar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a gen\u00e7 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f bah\u00e7esi olarak bilinen park, Osmanl\u0131 tarihi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir. Tanzimat Ferman\u0131 burada okunmu\u015ftur. K\u00f6keni Bizans\u2019a kadar gider ama Romal\u0131lar\u0131n sava\u015fta Gotlar\u0131 bozguna u\u011fratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 simgeleyen yekpare Marmara Adas\u0131 (Proconnesus) mermerinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 18 metrelik \u201cGotlar S\u00fctunu\u201d Platanuslar\u0131n aras\u0131na gizlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

      \"\"
      Suadiye \u00c7\u0131nar Sokak\u2019ta Platanus acerifolia\u2019lar.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i\u2019nde \u00e7\u0131nar
      \n<\/strong>Asya ile Avrupa aras\u0131nda Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 Do\u011fu \u00c7\u0131nar\u0131 P. orientalis<\/em> ve melezi P. acerifolia<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n s\u00fcsledi\u011fi sanki bir inci gerdanl\u0131kt\u0131r. Dolmabah\u00e7e\u2019de \u00c7\u0131ra\u011fan\u2019da P. orientalis<\/em> (Do\u011fu \u00c7\u0131nar\u0131) ile P. acerifolia<\/em> (Londra \u00c7\u0131nar\u0131) yol boyunca s\u0131ral\u0131d\u0131r. Kuru\u00e7e\u015fme\u2019de yolun hemen kenar\u0131nda, merdivenle \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lan restoranlar\u0131n beton basamaklar\u0131 aras\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6vdeleri, insan vandalizmine meydan okumaktad\u0131r. Rumelihisar\u0131 da Do\u011fu \u00c7\u0131nar\u0131 ile s\u00fcsl\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00c7ay bah\u00e7elerinde reklam tabelalar\u0131n \u00e7ivilendi\u011fi, yer yer iki metre kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa ula\u015fan g\u00f6vdeleri masalar\u0131n aras\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Neyse ki biraz ileride \u201cHac\u0131 Kemalettin Camii\u2019nin\u201d hemen yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda cami ile b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fen tam anlam\u0131yla ulu bir \u00e7\u0131nar \u201ci\u015fte b\u00f6yle olmal\u0131y\u0131m\u201d dercesine huzur i\u00e7inde 30 metrelik boyu ile g\u00f6\u011fe y\u00fckselir. Caminin yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f zaman\u0131 I. Mahmut d\u00f6nemidir. K\u00fcnyesindeki tarih 1746\u2019d\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re 276 ya\u015f\u0131nda olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Biraz ilerdeki Bebek park\u0131nda P. orientalis<\/em>\u2019ler devasa g\u00f6vdelerine yaslanm\u0131\u015f sevgililerin, ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n, ko\u015fu\u015fturan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 kucaklamaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok ya\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r. Demir desteklerle ya\u015fama tutunma gayreti i\u00e7indedir. Emirgan ise bir P. orientalis<\/em> (Do\u011fu \u00c7\u0131nar\u0131) mabedidir. Hamid-Evvel (Emirgan) Camii yan\u0131ndaki \u00e7e\u015fme ve civar\u0131 do\u011fu \u00e7\u0131narlar\u0131 ile \u00e7evrilidir. \u0130stanbul\u2019un platonik zamanlar\u0131 olan 50-60\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Emirgan \u00c7ay Bah\u00e7esi olarak bilinen bu yer 300 y\u0131l ya\u015f\u0131ndaki bu ulu \u00e7\u0131narlar ile an\u0131l\u0131r. Bu y\u0131llarda \u00e7ay i\u00e7mek \u0130stanbul\u2019un bir rit\u00fcelidir. \u015eimdilerde ise tost ve patates k\u0131zartmalar\u0131n\u0131n kesif kokusu, ge\u00e7mi\u015fin o naif duygular\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde bir kara bir bulut gibidir. Yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndaki muhallebici, g\u00f6vdeleri masalar aras\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalm\u0131\u015f, yer yer reklam tabelalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ivilendi\u011fi as\u0131rl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131narlar; masalardaki \u00e7atal ka\u015f\u0131k b\u0131\u00e7ak sesleri aras\u0131nda sigara dumanlar\u0131n\u0131n kesifle\u015fti\u011fi yerde bize de biraz sayg\u0131 derler mi? Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i\u2019nin Asya k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 da b\u00f6yledir. \u00dcsk\u00fcdar semtindeki \u201cAtik Valide Camii\u2019nin\u201d avlusunda, \u015fad\u0131rvan\u0131n yan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7\u0131nar t\u00fcm ululu\u011fu ile dikkati \u00e7eker. \u00c7engelk\u00f6y de \u00c7\u0131naralt\u0131 \u00c7ay Bah\u00e7esi Hamdullah Pa\u015fa Cami\u2019nin (\u00c7\u0131narl\u0131 Cami olarak da bilinir) i\u00e7inde devasa \u00e7\u0131nar a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bo\u011faz\u0131n daha da ilerisinde yer yer P. orientalis<\/em> ya da P. acerifolia<\/em> dizilerini ya yol kenar\u0131nda ya da bir \u00e7e\u015fmenin ba\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6rebiliriz.<\/p>\n

      \"\"
      G\u00fclhane Park\u0131\u2019nda Platanus orientalis.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      D\u00fcnya\u2019da \u00e7\u0131nar
      \n<\/strong>Platanus t\u00fcrleri ve melezleri \u00e7e\u015fitlidir. Do\u011fada iki \u00f6nemli t\u00fcr\u00fc ile bilinir. P. occidentalis<\/em> di\u011fer ad\u0131yla Bat\u0131 \u00c7\u0131nar\u0131, di\u011feri de P. orientalis<\/em> yani Do\u011fu \u00c7\u0131nar\u0131 veya Osmanl\u0131 \u00c7\u0131nar\u0131. P. occidentalis<\/em>, Kuzeybat\u0131 Amerika\u2019da yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve endemiktir. P. orientalis<\/em>, ki bu \u00e7\u0131narlar\u0131n babas\u0131d\u0131r, Yunanistan, Ege Adalar\u0131, Anadolu\u2019da ve oradan da do\u011fuya Himalayalara kadar uzanan bir ya\u015fam alan\u0131 vard\u0131r. Her iki t\u00fcr\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fik do\u011fal melezleri de bulunur. En yayg\u0131n olanlar\u0131 P. acerifolia <\/em>ve P. hispanica<\/em>\u2019d\u0131r. P. kerrii<\/em> (Vietnam), P. mexicana<\/em> (Meksika), P. racemosa<\/em> (Kaliforniya), P. wrightii<\/em> (Arizona) endemik yay\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 t\u00fcrlerdir. P. orientalis<\/em> Uzakdo\u011fu\u2019da Hindistan\u2019da yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Halk aras\u0131ndaki ad\u0131 \u201cChinar\u201dd\u0131r. Yapra\u011f\u0131 Ke\u015fmir\u2019de ulusal sembold\u00fcr, devlet a\u011fac\u0131d\u0131r, bilginin a\u011fac\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      \u00c7\u0131nar odununun morfolojisi
      \n<\/strong>\u00c7\u0131narlar t\u00fcrleri birbirlerine g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli farkl\u0131klar g\u00f6sterir. Morfolojik ve fizyolojik olarak bunlar\u0131 ay\u0131rt etmek kolayd\u0131r. Ancak \u00f6yle de\u011fi\u015fikler vard\u0131r ki bunlar ancak a\u011fac\u0131n genomik \u00f6zellikleri ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilir. Morfolojik olarak P. orientalis<\/em> ve \u0130stanbul\u2019da yayg\u0131n bulunan melez P. acerifolia<\/em> aras\u0131ndaki farklar \u015f\u00f6yledir. Koyu sar\u0131dan a\u00e7\u0131k sar\u0131ya, a\u00e7\u0131k ye\u015file, gri-ye\u015file, kahverenginden k\u0131z\u0131l kahveye kadar renk de\u011fi\u015fimi g\u00f6steren koyu renkli kabu\u011fun alt\u0131ndan peyzaj yani kavlan her iki t\u00fcr\u00fcn de kabuk karakteristi\u011fidir. Ancak iki t\u00fcr aras\u0131nda g\u00f6vde kabuklar\u0131n\u0131n soyulmas\u0131nda belirgin bir fark g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. P. orientalis<\/em>\u2019in g\u00f6vdesi yerden birka\u00e7 metre yukar\u0131ya kadar kal\u0131n bir kabuk ile kapl\u0131d\u0131r. A\u011fa\u00e7 ya\u015fland\u0131k\u00e7a belki de stresten bu kabu\u011fu \u00fczerinden atmak ister ve sonucunda kavlan\u0131r yani soyulur ve alt\u0131ndan o pastel renkli lentisellerle s\u00fcsl\u00fc bir desen ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. P. acerifolia<\/em>\u2019da ise, kabuk \u00e7ok daha erken d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. D\u00f6k\u00fclen kabu\u011fun alt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan renk ve longitudinal lentiseller (A\u011fa\u00e7ta olu\u015fan zararl\u0131 maddelerin d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya g\u00f6nderilmesini sa\u011flayan yap\u0131lar, bir \u00e7e\u015fit bo\u015falt\u0131m sistemi gibi) P. orientalis<\/em>\u2019e g\u00f6re daha belirgindir. Ba\u015fka bir fark da meyve say\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Yapra\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 sapta tek bir meyve varsa bu P. acerifolia<\/em>\u2019d\u0131r. Birden fazla 4-6 meyve varsa bu da P. orientalis<\/em>\u2019dir. Ba\u015fat bir di\u011fer fark ise yapraklar\u0131ndad\u0131r. 5-7 par\u00e7al\u0131 ve yaprak kenarlar\u0131 belirgin dilimliyse P. orientalis<\/em>, e\u011fer yaprak \u00fc\u00e7 par\u00e7al\u0131 ve kenarlar\u0131 daha az dilimliyse P. acerifolia<\/em>\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      \"\"
      Kuru\u00e7e\u015fme\u2019de vandalizme meydan okuyan \u00e7\u0131narlar.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      Her iki \u00e7\u0131nar t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de ilgin\u00e7 yapan, b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e soyunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Eski kabuklar\u0131n\u0131 eski elbiseler gibi s\u0131rt\u0131ndan atar, yepyeni k\u0131yafetlere b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcp do\u011faya merhaba der. O art\u0131k soyut bir d\u00fcnyan\u0131n tipik temsilcisidir. \u0130lk kabuk soyulmaya ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ikinci kabuk (kavlayan) birincil kabu\u011fun soyulma izlerini ta\u015f\u0131r, lentiseller ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Olu\u015fan karma\u015f\u0131k bi\u00e7imler size bir \u015feyler anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Akl\u0131n\u0131za Antik Ege\u2019nin do\u011fac\u0131lar\u0131 gelir. Bunlar Milet\u2019in, Kos\u2019un dev \u00e7\u0131narlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda konu\u015furlar. Platon soyulmu\u015f kavlana hi\u00e7 bakm\u0131\u015f m\u0131d\u0131r? Ya da Tales\u2019in ya da Anaksimandros\u2019un dikkatini \u00e7ekmi\u015f midir kavlan. Devasa g\u00f6vdede birbirinden farkl\u0131 sar\u0131dan a\u00e7\u0131k ye\u015file bazen grimsi ye\u015file, kahverengine, k\u0131z\u0131la \u00e7alan kahvenin keskin s\u0131n\u0131rlarla de\u011fi\u015fik bi\u00e7imlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, kesikli \u00e7izgiselliklerle dokusal lentisellerin s\u00fcsledi\u011fi kanvas\u0131n neler anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fler midir? En g\u00fczel ve anlaml\u0131 kanvaslar P. acerifolia<\/em>\u2019dad\u0131r. Onlar t\u00fcm kabuklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7abucak at\u0131p \u00e7ok \u015feyler anlat\u0131r. Devasa P. orientalis<\/em>\u2019ler pek \u00f6yle de\u011fildir. Ba\u011fdat Caddesinde \u00c7\u0131nar Sokakta veya Dolmabah\u00e7e\u2019de, \u00c7\u0131ra\u011fan\u2019da, Sar\u0131yer\u2019de Marsyas\u2019\u0131 an\u0131msatan soyulmu\u015f dev g\u00f6vdelerde ar\u0131yoruz Tales\u2019in ya da Platon\u2019un g\u00f6remediklerini. \u00dcsk\u00fcdar\u2019dan Beykoz\u2019a, Bo\u011faz\u2019\u0131n ak\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 sular\u0131na yaslanm\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u0131narlar\u0131n kavlanlar\u0131 bize bir \u015feyler anlatabilir mi?<\/p>\n

      \"\"
      Hac\u0131 Kemalettin Camii \u00e7\u0131nar\u0131 – Rumeli Hisar\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      Te\u015fekk\u00fcr
      \n<\/strong>Bu yaz\u0131da, \u201c\u00c7\u0131nar\u0131n soyut d\u00fcnyas\u0131\u201d konusundaki fotografik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla ilgili bilgileri aktaran Sefer \u00d6r\u00e7en\u2019e, odun dokusundaki lentisel olu\u015fumlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda yaz\u0131ya katk\u0131 koyan Orhan K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcker\u2019e te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim.<\/p>\n

      D\u0130PNOTLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

      1) https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tree of_Hippocrates<\/p>\n

      2) https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ombra_mai_fu<\/p>\n

      3) https:\/\/ozhanozturk.com\/2018\/02\/08\/marsias-marsyas-yunan-mitolojisi\/<\/p>\n

      4) https:\/\/bilgilihocam.com\/threads\/tevfik-fikret-cinar-siiri.82928<\/p>\n

      5) https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cenap_%C5%9Eahabettin.\/<\/p>\n

      6) http:\/\/www.tree-guide.com\/london-plane-tree<\/p>\n

      \"\"
      Platanus orientalis\u2019in co\u011frafik da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      KAYNAKLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

      – Ergun, P. (2004). T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde A\u011fa\u00e7 K\u00fclt\u00fc. Ankara: Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

      – Onay, T. A., 1996, Edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zda Mazmunlar. MEB, 166.<\/p>\n

      – Parlak, S. E., 2020, Anadolu\u2019da Neolitik D\u00f6nem K\u00fclt\u00fcrleri Tezli Y\u00fcksek Lisans D\u00f6nem \u00d6devi. Sel\u00e7uk \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc 64s.<\/p>\n

      – Torlak, H., 2013, Anadolu K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde A\u011fa\u00e7lar: \u00c7\u0131nar a\u011fac\u0131 d\u00fczenin ve otoritenin sembol\u00fc Bilim ve Gelecek Dergisi, say\u0131 118.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u00c7\u0131nar \u00f6yle bir a\u011fa\u00e7t\u0131r ki, insan var oldu\u011fundan beri ona \u00e2\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r. \u0130li\u015fkinin en eski kan\u0131tlar\u0131 Antik Ege\u2019ye kadar gider. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel tarihin \u00f6nemli a\u011fa\u00e7 fig\u00fcrlerinden biridir. Bilimsel ismi olan Platanus kelimesinin k\u00f6keni, geni\u015f veya d\u00fczlemsel anlam\u0131na gelen Yunanca \u201cplatys\u201ddir. Geni\u015f yapraklar\u0131 ile g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne do\u011fru yay\u0131lan d\u00fczlemsel konumu (plane a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131) \u00e7a\u011flar boyunca ona tarihsel, dinsel, folklorik, edebi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":168,"featured_media":56964,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8734,38,1],"tags":[1070,8751,3106],"class_list":["post-56962","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-225-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-genel","tag-cinar-agaci","tag-istanbulun-cinarlari","tag-mehmet-sakinc"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t