{"id":57541,"date":"2023-03-02T00:00:19","date_gmt":"2023-03-01T21:00:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=57541"},"modified":"2023-03-01T13:42:16","modified_gmt":"2023-03-01T10:42:16","slug":"6-subat-2023-deprem-felaketinin-sismolojik-ozellikleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2023\/03\/02\/6-subat-2023-deprem-felaketinin-sismolojik-ozellikleri","title":{"rendered":"6 \u015eubat 2023 deprem felaketinin sismolojik \u00f6zellikleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

6 \u015eubat gecesi sabaha kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7alan telefon sesiyle uyand\u0131m. Arayan ki\u015fi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir deprem oldu\u011funu ve bu deprem hakk\u0131nda bilgi almak istedi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Beni uykudan uyand\u0131racak bir deprem olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcnce olduk\u00e7a uzakta bir deprem oldu\u011funu tahmin ettim ve telefonumdaki ve bilgisayar\u0131mdaki uygulamalardan deprem hakk\u0131nda bilgi almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m.
\nYerli ve yabanc\u0131 deprem izleme merkezlerine ait bilgi sayfalar\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin do\u011fusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir deprem oldu\u011fu bilgisi geliyordu. Deprem yerel saatle 04:17\u2019de oldu. Depremin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc farkl\u0131 deprem veri merkezleri taraf\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 de\u011ferlerle veriliyordu. B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ABD Jeolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Kurumu(1) (USGS) ve Avrupa-Akdeniz Sismoloji Merkezi(2) (EMSC) sismik moment b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc Mw:7.8, T\u00fcrkiye Kandilli Rasathane ve Deprem Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc(3) (KRDAE) Mw:7.7 ve Afet ve Acil Durum Y\u00f6netimi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131(4) (AFAD) Mw:7.4 olarak yay\u0131nlad\u0131lar. AFAD bir g\u00fcn sonra deprem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc Mw:7.7 olarak d\u00fczeltti.
\nGece g\u00fcnd\u00fcze d\u00f6nerken felaketin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Kahramanmara\u015f depremi olarak an\u0131lan bu iki b\u00fcy\u00fck depremin \u00e7evresindeki 10 ilde \u00e7ok say\u0131da y\u0131k\u0131mlara ve can kay\u0131plar\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu haberleri ajanslara d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyordu. Mw:7.8 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki depremden 9 saat sonra saat 13:24\u2019de Elbistan civar\u0131nda Mw:7.6 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir deprem daha oldu\u011fu haberi geldi. Her iki depremin geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lgede neden oldu\u011fu y\u0131k\u0131m ve can kayb\u0131 say\u0131lar\u0131 giderek y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Yay\u0131n organlar\u0131na yans\u0131yan haberlerden T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcneydo\u011fusunda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir deprem afetiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fumuz anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu yaz\u0131y\u0131 yay\u0131na sunmadan \u00f6nce can kayb\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 40.000\u2019i a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.(4)
\nDepremin \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu \u00e7ok uzaktan gelen hissedilen \u015fiddet de\u011ferlendirmelerinden de anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu (\u015eekil 1 ve \u015eekil 2). Deprem T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin genelinde, Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019de k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 olan di\u011fer \u00fclkelerde, Kafkaslar, \u0130ran, Suriye\u2019de \u015fiddetle hissedildi. Avrupa\u2019daki EMSC veri merkezi toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporlardan depremin hissedilebilir \u015fiddetinin 1.000-1.400 km uzakta oldu\u011funa dair tablolar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n

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\u015eekil 1. EMSC\u2019nin depremi hisseden tan\u0131klardan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgilere g\u00f6re Kahramanmara\u015f merkez olmak \u00fczere deprem 1.400 km uzakl\u0131klarda hissedildi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcney kolu 250 y\u0131l sonra tekrar bir b\u00fcy\u00fck deprem yaratt\u0131
\n<\/strong>Ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 deprem veri merkezlerinden gelen sismolojik analizler depremin d\u0131\u015f merkezinin (merkez \u00fcss\u00fc) Kahramanmara\u015f ile Gaziantep aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgede oldu\u011fu ve Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (DAFK) g\u00fcneyinde kalan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu.
\nDo\u011fu Anadolu Fay Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin do\u011fusunda Bing\u00f6l Karl\u0131ova\u2019dan ba\u015flay\u0131p kuzeydo\u011fu-g\u00fcneybat\u0131 do\u011frultusunda Antakya\u2019ya kadar uzanan, uzunlu\u011fu 580 km civar\u0131nda ve \u00e7e\u015fitli fay par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan olu\u015fmu\u015f bir b\u00fcy\u00fck fay ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131d\u0131r (6,7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17). Birbirinden s\u0131k\u0131s\u0327mal\u0131 veya ac\u0327\u0131lmal\u0131 aral\u0131 as\u0327ma\/s\u0131c\u0327ramalarla ayr\u0131lan DAFK yedi ana par\u00e7adan (segment) olus\u0327ur. Bunlar KD\u2019dan GB\u2019ya dog\u0306ru s\u0131ras\u0131yla Karl\u0131ova, Il\u0131ca, Palu, Pu\u0308tu\u0308rge, Erkenek, Pazarc\u0131k ve Amanos fay par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r(12, 13). \u015eekil 3\u2019de Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n P\u00fct\u00fcrge, Erkenek, Pazarc\u0131k ve Amanos faylar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

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\u015eekil 2. EMSC\u2019nin cep telefonlar\u0131 ve internet arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile deprem tan\u0131klar\u0131ndan toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgilere g\u00f6re olu\u015fturulan EMS98 (5) \u015fiddet \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fine g\u00f6re deprem merkezinden \u00e7e\u015fitli uzakl\u0131klarda \u015fiddet de\u011ferlerinin de\u011fi\u015fim ve o \u015fiddet de\u011ferlerini alg\u0131layan ki\u015fileri say\u0131s\u0131 ve bulunduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lge n\u00fcfusu da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015f d\u00f6nem depremselli\u011fi incelendi\u011finde \u00c7elikhan-Karl\u0131ova aras\u0131ndaki kuzey b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn kuvvetli ve b\u00fcy\u00fck depremler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan daha etkin oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zlenmektedir (Kaynak). \u00c7elikhan-T\u00fcrko\u011flu (Kahramanmara\u015f)-Hatay aras\u0131nda kalan g\u00fcney b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olu\u015fturan ve toplam uzunlu\u011fu 300 km civar\u0131ndaki Erkenek, Pazarc\u0131k ve Amanos faylar\u0131 \u00e7ok say\u0131da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck deprem \u00fcretse bile son 250 y\u0131la yak\u0131n s\u00fcredir b\u00fcy\u00fck bir deprem olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmekteydi(9, 12, 13). Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcney b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde uzun s\u00fcredir deprem enerjisi biriktirdi\u011fi ve b\u00fcy\u00fck deprem \u00fcretme potansiyelinin y\u00fckseldi\u011fi zaman zaman jeologlar ve deprembilimciler taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcndeme getirilmekteydi. Bu konu, 24 Ocak 2020\u2019de P\u00fct\u00fcrge Fay\u0131 \u00fczerinde 6.8 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde olan ve Elaz\u0131\u011f ve Malatya\u2019da hasar ve can kay\u0131plar\u0131 olu\u015fturan depremden sonra yeniden g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015fti(14, 15, 16). Yap\u0131lan yay\u0131nlarda y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r b\u00fcy\u00fck deprem bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sessiz kalan Erkenek-Kahramanmara\u015f-Hatay aras\u0131nda bu sessizli\u011finin bozulup b\u00fcy\u00fck deprem olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekiliyordu.<\/p>\n

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\u015eekil 3. Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7evresindeki diri fay kollar\u0131n\u0131n (segment) konumlar\u0131 (13). Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar 6 \u015eubat 2023 Kahramanmara\u015f Pazarc\u0131k (Mw7.8) ve Elbistan (Mw:7.6) depremlerinin AFAD(4) taraf\u0131ndan saptanan konumlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Diri Fay Haritas\u0131ndaki(13) bilgilere g\u00f6re 6 \u015eubat 2023\u2019de Mw:7.8 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki depremin merkezi Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan biri olan Pazarc\u0131k Fay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcney do\u011fusundayd\u0131 (\u015eekil 3 ve \u015eekil 4). Depremden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra olan Mw:6.7 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki art\u00e7\u0131 deprem dahil \u00e7ok say\u0131da kuvvetli art\u00e7\u0131 depremler Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Hatay\u2019dan \u00c7elikhan\u2019a kadar olan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn hareket etti\u011fini g\u00f6steriyordu. 6 \u015eubat 2023\u2019de olan Mw:7.8 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki depremin yeri ve odak mekanizmas\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc incelendi\u011finde(1, 2, 3, 4) depremin sol yanl\u0131 do\u011frultu at\u0131ml\u0131 bir hareketle olu\u015ftu\u011fu ve en son b\u00fcy\u00fck depremlerden ortalama 250 y\u0131la varan uzun bir sessizlikten sonra harekete ge\u00e7en Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ile ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.
\nMw:7.8 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki depremden 9 saat sonra 13:24\u2019de Elbistan\u2019n\u0131n hemen g\u00fcneyinde Mw:7.6 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde(18) bir depremin daha oldu\u011fu haberi geldi (\u015eekil 3). Bu kadar k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede ve \u00e7ok s\u0131k rastlanmayan bir sismolojik olayla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yayd\u0131k. \u00d6nce art\u00e7\u0131 deprem olabilir mi diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fck, ancak sismolojik ve jeolojik veriler \u00f6yle olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyordu. Deprem Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyinde paralel uzanan ve Malatya\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131ndan G\u00f6ksun ve Kozan\u2019a uzanan yine sol yanl\u0131 do\u011frultu at\u0131ml\u0131 bir ba\u015fka diri fay dizisini tetiklemi\u015fti. \u015eimdi o fay dizi de ba\u015fka art\u00e7\u0131 depremleri olu\u015fturuyordu. Bu son deprem, Mw:7.8 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki depremin \u00e7evreye yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerilime dayanamay\u0131p k\u0131r\u0131lan ve 9 saat sonra saat 13:24\u2019de Mw:7.6 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde deprem \u00fcreten bir fay\u0131n hareketiydi. Her iki deprem de 17 A\u011fustos 1999 depreminden b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc ve son depremin etkisiyle hasarlar daha da artt\u0131. \u0130lk depremde b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayanlar evlerini ve i\u015fyerlerini terk ettiklerinden dolay\u0131 Mw:7.6 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck depremde can kayb\u0131 olmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Tablo 1. 6 \u015eubat 2023 saat 04:17\u2019de olan Mw:7.8 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki Kahramanmara\u015f depreminin farkl\u0131 deprem merkezlerine g\u00f6re parametreleri<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Kurum<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Tarih ve Olu\u015f Zaman\u0131<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Enlem<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

K(<\/b><\/span><\/span>o<\/b><\/span><\/sup><\/span>)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Boylam<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

D(<\/b><\/span><\/span>o<\/b><\/span><\/sup><\/span>)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Derinlik<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

km<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Mw<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

KRDAE (TR)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6.2.2023, 4:17:31<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

37.1123<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

37.1195<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7.7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

AFAD (TR)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6.2.2023, 4:17:31<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

37.288<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

37.043<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7.7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

EMSC (EU)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6.2.2023, 4:17:36<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

37.17<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

37.08<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7.8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

USGS (USA)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6.2.2023, 4:17:35<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

37.166<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

37.042<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

18<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7.8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Tablo 2: 6 \u015eubat 2023 tarihinde saat 13:24\u2019de olan Mw:7.6 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Elbistan\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde olan depremin farkl\u0131 deprem veri merkezlerine g\u00f6re parametreleri<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Kurum<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Tarih ve Olu\u015f Zaman\u0131<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Enlem<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

K(<\/b><\/span><\/span>o<\/b><\/span><\/sup><\/span>)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Boylam<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

K(<\/b><\/span><\/span>o<\/b><\/span><\/sup><\/span>)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Derinlik<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

km<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Mw<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

KRDAE (TR)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6.2.2023, <\/span><\/span>13:24:49<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

38.0717<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

37.2063<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

AFAD (TR)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6.2.2023, 13:24:57<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

38.089<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

37.239<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7.6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

EMSC (EU)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6.2.2023, <\/span><\/span>13:24:50<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

38.11<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

37.24<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

10<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

USGS (USA)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6.2.2023, <\/span><\/span>13:24:49<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

38.024 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

37.203<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

10<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0130ki b\u00fcy\u00fck deprem nas\u0131l olu\u015ftu? <\/strong>
\nDepremden hemen sonra ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 deprem merkezlerinden ve ilgili kurumlardan(19, 20, 21) derlenen deprem kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ve GNSS ve GPS kay\u0131tlar\u0131 bir arada de\u011ferlendirilerek yap\u0131lan jeofizik, sismolojik ve jeodezik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, Mw:7.8 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki deprem s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 fay par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n arka arkaya hareket etti\u011fini, bu hareket s\u0131ras\u0131nda fay \u00fczerinde 7 metreye varan bir yer de\u011fi\u015ftirme (at\u0131m) olu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6stermekteydi (\u015eekil 4). Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re elde edilen kaynak modeli (17 \u015eubat 2023 itibariyle), 6 \u015eubat 2023\u2019de saat 04:17\u2019de olan Mw:7.8 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki depremin \u00fc\u00e7 ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k faylanma hareketi ile olu\u015ftu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (\u015eekil 5).<\/p>\n

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\u015eekil 4. 6 \u015eubat 2023\u2019te 04:17\u2019de \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131k olu\u015fturarak 7.8 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde deprem yaratan Kahramanmara\u015f merkezli deprem ile 9 saat sonra 13:24\u2019de Elbistan g\u00fcneyinde \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131r\u0131k \u00fczerinde 7.6 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte deprem yaratan faylar\u0131n konumlar\u0131 ve k\u0131r\u0131lma s\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6sterimi. \u0130lgili raporlardan(19, 20) elde edilen bilgiler MTA\u2019n\u0131n diri fay haritas\u0131 \u00fczerinde(13) g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

USGS\u2019in \u0130stanbul Teknik \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ndeki jeofizik, sismoloji ve jeodezi uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n derledi\u011fi veriler ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 deprem kaynak modeline g\u00f6re Mw:7.8 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki deprem, Kahramanmara\u015f-Gaziantep aras\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir faylanma ile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, bunu takiben Pazarc\u0131k ve Erkenek Fay\u0131 birlikte ikinci bir k\u0131r\u0131lmayla hareket etmi\u015f ve daha sonra \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u0131r\u0131lmayla Amanos Fay\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir (\u015eekil 5). Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde konumlanan ve harekete ge\u00e7en bu d\u00f6rt fay par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n toplam boyu ortalama 300 km olmu\u015f, bu \u00fc\u00e7 fay\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lma s\u00fcresi 100 saniye s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (\u015eekil 6). Bu deprem s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan sismik enerjinin sismik moment b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olarak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Mw:7.8 ve fay \u00fczerindeki maksimum yanal hareketin ise 7 metreye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 hesaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eu ana kadar sahada g\u00f6zlem yapan jeologlar\u0131n rapor etti\u011fi maksimum fay hareketi yatay y\u00f6nde 4.5 metredir (\u015eekil 7). Saha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 fay boyunca kuzeye do\u011fru Pazarc\u0131k, Erkenek, \u00c7ardak ve Do\u011fan\u015fehir faylar\u0131 \u00fczerinde s\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n

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\u015eekil 5. 6 \u015eubat 2023\u2019de Mw:7.8 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki depremin faylanma modeli( (USGS 2023; \u0130T\u00dc Deprem Raporu, 2023). Deprem s\u0131ras\u0131nda fay hareketinin maksimum 7 m\u2019lik sol yanl\u0131 do\u011frultu at\u0131ml\u0131 bir fay hareketi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Fay y\u00fczeyi \u00fczerindeki koyu k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 alanlar kayman\u0131n en fazla oldu\u011fu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sismik enerjinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn sal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar\u0131, konturlar ise her 10 saniyede k\u0131r\u0131lma cephesinin yerini g\u00f6sterir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
<\/div>\n
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\u015eekil 8. 6 \u015eubat 2023\u2019de 13:24\u2019de Elbistan g\u00fcneyinde olan Mw:7.6 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki depremin faylanma modeli(20, 21). Fay alan\u0131 \u00fczerindeki koyu k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 alanlar kayman\u0131n en fazla oldu\u011fu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sismik enerjinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn sal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar\u0131, konturlar ise her 10 saniyede k\u0131r\u0131lma cephesinin yerini g\u00f6sterir. Deprem s\u0131ras\u0131nda birinci k\u0131r\u0131k \u00fczerindeki hareketinin maksimum 10 metreye yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmektedir. \u015eeklin sa\u011f alt k\u00f6\u015fesindeki kaynak fonksiyonu, fay\u0131n hareket etme s\u00fcresinin 50 saniye s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, en b\u00fcy\u00fck sismik enerjinin y\u00fczde 80\u2019ninin ilk 20 saniyede a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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\u015eekil 7. Kahramanmara\u015f Ye\u015filyurt k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131ndaki yolu ve bah\u00e7e \u00e7itini kesen y\u00fczey k\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 (fay)(22)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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\u015eekil 6. 6 \u015eubat 2023 Mw:7.8 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki depremin t\u00fcm faylanma s\u00fcresince kaynak-zaman fonksiyonu(20, 21). Hesaplanan kaynak fonksiyonu, fay\u0131n hareket etme s\u00fcresinin 100 s s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan en b\u00fcy\u00fck sismik enerjinin deprem ba\u015flad\u0131ktan 20 saniye ile 40 saniye aras\u0131nda ikinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u0131r\u0131lma \u00fczerinde olu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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\u015eekil 9. AFAD Deprem Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Dairesi veri taban\u0131ndan al\u0131nan ve grafiklenen ana deprem ve art\u00e7\u0131 depremlerin etkinli\u011finin zamanla de\u011fi\u015fimi. Bu depremlerin b\u00f6lgede d\u0131\u015f merkez da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 \u015eekil 9\u2019da g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Art\u00e7\u0131 deprem etkinli\u011fi beklendi\u011fi gibi giderek azalma e\u011filimine girmi\u015f olmakla birlikte 4.0 ve 5.0 aras\u0131 art\u00e7\u0131 depremler etkinlik d\u00fczeyini korumaktad\u0131rlar.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong>
\n1) USGS, 2023. https:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/earthquakes\/eventpage\/us6000jllz\/executive
\n2) EMSC, 2023. https:\/\/www.emsc-csem.org\/Earthquake\/earthquake.php?id=1218444
\n3) KRDAE, 2023. http:\/\/udim.koeri.boun.edu.tr\/zeqmap\/hgmmap.asp
\n4) AFAD, 2023. https:\/\/deprem.afad.gov.tr\/last-earthquakes
\n5) EMS98 https:\/\/www.gfz-potsdam.de\/en\/section\/seismic-hazard-and-risk-dynamics\/data-products-services\/ems-98-european-macroseismic-scale
\n6) Arpat, E. ve S\u0327arog\u0306lu, F. 1972. The East Anatolian Fault System; Thoughts on its Development. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 78, 33-39.
\n7) Taymaz, T.,\u00a0Eyido\u011fan, H. ve Jackson, J., 1991. Source Parameters of Large Earthquakes in The East Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey), Geophysical Journal International, Volume 106, Issue 3, September 1991, 537-550.
\n8) \u015earo\u011flu, F., Emre, \u00d6. ve Ku\u015fcu, \u0130., 1992. The East Anatolian Fault Zone of Turkey. Annalae Tectonicae, 6, 99\u2013125
\n9) Nalbant, S., McCloskey, J., Steacy, S. ve Barka, A., 2002. Stress accumulation and increased seismic risk in eastern Turkey. Earth and Plan- etary Science Letters, 192, 291-298.
\n10) Tan, O., Pabu\u00e7cu, Z., Tap\u0131rdamaz, M. C., \u0130nan, S., Ergintav, S., Eyido\u011fan, H., Aksoy, E. ve Kuluo\u0308ztu\u0308rk, F., 2011. Aftershock study and seismotectonic implications of the 8 March 2010 Kovancilar (Elazig, Turkey) earthquake (M-W=6.1). Geophysical Research Letters, 38, 6 pages.
\n11) Bulut, F., Bohnhoff, M., Eken, T., Janssen, C., K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, T. ve Dresen, G., 2012. The East Anatolian Fault Zone: Seismotectonic setting and spatiotemporal characteristics of seismicity based on precise earthquake locations.\u00a0Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth,\u00a0117(B7).
\n12) Duman, T.Y. ve Emre, \u00d6., 2013. The East Anatolian Fault: geometry, segmentation and jog characteristics Geological Society, London, Special Publications,\u00a0372,\u00a0495-529.
\n13) Emre, \u00d6., Duman, T. Y., \u00d6zalp, S., \u015earo\u011flu, F., Olgun, \u015e., Hasan Elmac\u0131, H. ve \u00c7an, T., 2018. Active fault database of Turkey, Bull Earthquake Eng, 16:3229\u20133275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10518-016-0041-2
\n14) \u00d6zer,\u00a0C\u0327.,\u00a0C\u0327ak\u0131c\u0131, H. ve\u00a0Kocadag\u0306\u0131stan, E., 2020.\u00a024 January 2020 (20:55 TS) Mw6.8 Elaz\u0131\u011f-Do\u011fanyol, Eastern Turkey Earthquake, Evaluation Report, Atat\u00fcrk University Earthquake Research Center, 26.01.2020 Erzurum, 20 pages (in Turkish).
\n15) Duman, T.Y., Elmac\u0131, H., \u00d6zalp, S., K\u00fcr\u00e7er, A., Kara, M., \u00d6zdemir, E. ve Yavuzo\u011flu, A., 2020. Paleoseismology of the western S\u00fcrg\u00fc\u2013Misis fault system: East Anatolian Fault, Turkey, Mediterr. Geosci. Rev., 2, 411\u2013437.
\n16) Eyido\u011fan, H., 2021. Spatial and temporal analysis of seismicity of the Pu\u0308tu\u0308rge Fault, and Gutenberg-Richter parameters before and after Sivrice-Dog\u0306anyol earthquake (Mw6.8) of January 24, 2020, Yerbilimleri, 2021, 42 (3), 287-300.
\n17) Konca, A. O\u0308., Karabulut, H., Gu\u0308vercin, S. E., Eskiko\u0308y, F., O\u0308zarpac\u0131, S., O\u0308zdemir, A., vd., 2021. From interseismic deformation with near-repeating earthquakes to co-seismic rupture: A unified view of the 2020 M 6.8 Sivrice (Elaz\u0131g\u0306) eastern Turkey earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 126.
\n18) USGS, 2023 https:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/earthquakes\/eventpage\/us6000jlqa\/executive
\n19) USGS, 2023 https:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/earthquakes\/eventpage\/us6000jllz\/finite-fault
\n20) USGS, 2023. https:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/earthquakes\/eventpage\/us6000jlqa\/finite-fault
\n21) \u0130T\u00dc Deprem \u00d6n \u0130nceleme Raporu, 2023. 6 \u015eubat 2023 04:17 Mw7.8 Kahramanmara\u015f ve 13:24 Mw7.7 Kahramanmara\u015f depremleri, 136 sayfa.
\n22) MTA Deprem Raporu, 2023. 6 \u015eubat 2023 Pazarc\u0131k (Kahramanmara\u015f) Depremi(Mw 7,7) Saha G\u00f6zlem Raporlar\u0131 Serisi 1- Amanos Segmenti\u0307, Rapor No: 14121, Jeoloji Et\u00fctleri Dairesi 14 \u015eubat 2023, Ankara,\u00a051 sayfa.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

6 \u015eubat gecesi sabaha kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7alan telefon sesiyle uyand\u0131m. Arayan ki\u015fi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir deprem oldu\u011funu ve bu deprem hakk\u0131nda bilgi almak istedi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Beni uykudan uyand\u0131racak bir deprem olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcnce olduk\u00e7a uzakta bir deprem oldu\u011funu tahmin ettim ve telefonumdaki ve bilgisayar\u0131mdaki uygulamalardan deprem hakk\u0131nda bilgi almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Yerli ve yabanc\u0131 deprem izleme […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":233,"featured_media":57654,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8838,38,232],"tags":[8837,691,5479,377],"class_list":["post-57541","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-227-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-yerbilimleri","tag-6-subat-2023-depremi","tag-deprem","tag-haluk-eyidogan","tag-sismoloji"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t