{"id":58614,"date":"2023-06-23T05:00:39","date_gmt":"2023-06-23T02:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=58614"},"modified":"2023-08-17T21:53:56","modified_gmt":"2023-08-17T18:53:56","slug":"basibos-modernite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2023\/06\/23\/basibos-modernite","title":{"rendered":"Ba\u015f\u0131bo\u015f modernite"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"western\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Ender Helvac\u0131o\u011flu<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Son 25-30 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcreci (ve devam\u0131n\u0131) \u201cgeri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u201d, \u201cyeni orta\u00e7a\u011f\u201d gibi tan\u0131mlarla a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 -ilk bak\u0131\u015fta ger\u00e7ek gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnseler de- do\u011fru bulmuyorum. \u0130\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz d\u00f6nemi, \u00f6ncekilerden farkl\u0131 ama yine de bir t\u00fcr modernite at\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 d\u00f6nemi olarak tan\u0131mlamak daha do\u011fru olabilir. D\u00fcnya toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n modernle\u015fmesi, modernitenin k\u00fcreselle\u015fmesi devam ediyor; ama \u00f6nceki modernite at\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerinden farkl\u0131 olarak, arkas\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7leri alm\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck anlat\u0131lar e\u015fli\u011finde de\u011fil, daha karma\u015f\u0131k ve zikzakl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde. Belki bu d\u00f6nemi \u201cba\u015f\u0131bo\u015f modernite\u201d diye adland\u0131rabiliriz. Ba\u015f\u0131bo\u015fluk, modernite \u00f6ncesine d\u00f6n\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. \u0130deal modellere uymayan, \u00e7apra\u015f\u0131k, daha \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemez ve olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 bir modernite a\u015famas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7iyoruz. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Modernite tarihinin ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck anlat\u0131s\u0131 \u201cAvrupa-merkezcilik\u201d veya \u201cBat\u0131-merkezcilik\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131labilir. Burjuva (kapitalist) modernitesinin temel ideolojisidir ve t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya toplumlar\u0131na bir \u201cmodernite yolu\u201d sunar: Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n (modernitenin) merkezi ve \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc kapitalist Bat\u0131 Avrupa devletleridir ve di\u011fer toplumlar -g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc veya zorla- bu yolu izleyerek modernle\u015feceklerdir. Bu yolun, g\u00f6\u00e7, fetih, talan ve soyk\u0131r\u0131mlarla (Kuzey ve G\u00fcney Amerika); s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirme, hatta k\u00f6lele\u015ftirmeyle (Asya ve Afrika); emperyalizm ve payla\u015f\u0131m sava\u015flar\u0131yla s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc biliniyor. Bu \u201cmodernite modeli\u201d 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na kadar i\u015flemi\u015f, epey yol alm\u0131\u015f ama o tarihten itibaren t\u0131kanm\u0131\u015f ve giderek \u201cmodernle\u015ftirme\u201d potansiyelini dahi yitirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u0130kinci b\u00fcy\u00fck \u201cmodernite anlat\u0131s\u0131\u201d ise sosyalizmdir. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa\u2019da burjuvazi ile proletarya aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin keskinle\u015fmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, ama as\u0131l at\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015fta Asya olmak \u00fczere Afrika ve Latin Amerika toplumlar\u0131ndaki sosyalizm ve anti-emperyalist m\u00fccadele pratikleriyle yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sosyalizm, d\u00fcnya toplumlar\u0131na, burjuva modernitesine alternatif bir \u201cemek\u00e7i modernitesi yolu\u201d \u00f6nermi\u015ftir. Bu modeli 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l Avrupa\u2019s\u0131nda Marx ve Engels \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerin i\u015f\u00e7ileri birle\u015finiz\u201d slogan\u0131yla \u201cAvrupa i\u015f\u00e7i devrimi ve sosyalizm\u201d olarak, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Lenin ve Bol\u015fevikler \u201cemperyalizm, proletarya devrimleri ve ulusal kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadeleleri\u201d, Mao ve \u00c7inli kom\u00fcnistler \u201cdevletler ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k, uluslar kurtulu\u015f, halklar devrim istiyor\u201d saptamalar\u0131yla form\u00fclle\u015ftirmi\u015flerdi. \u0130lkine g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha evrensel nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yan bu model, hem eski modernite co\u011frafyalar\u0131nda (Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika) emek\u00e7ilerin moderniteye kendi inisiyatifleriyle kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na katk\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f, hem de as\u0131l di\u011fer co\u011frafyalarda halklar\u0131n modernle\u015fmesinin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat bu model de 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru t\u0131kanmaya ve yozla\u015fmaya ba\u015flayarak (nedenleri ayr\u0131ca tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131) geri \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Bug\u00fcn modernite tarihinin bu iki \u201cideal ak\u0131m\u0131\u201d ya modernle\u015ftirici potansiyelini yitirmi\u015f veya geri \u00e7ekilmi\u015f durumda. Ortada d\u00fcnya toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n kadim veya yeni \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f sorunlar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6neren yeni bir b\u00fcy\u00fck anlat\u0131 ve model de g\u00f6z\u00fckm\u00fcyor. Modernite \u201c\u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fcz\u201d ve \u201cba\u015f\u0131bo\u015f\u201d kalm\u0131\u015f durumda, ama halklar\u0131n \u201cmoderniteyi koruma\u201d veya \u201cmoderniteye ula\u015fma\u201d arzular\u0131 devam ediyor. Peki, bunu nereden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yoruz? <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">\u201c<span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Ba\u015f\u0131bo\u015flu\u011fun\u201d en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6stergelerinden biri giderek yo\u011funla\u015fan g\u00f6\u00e7lerdir. Kendi \u00fclkelerinde ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvenle s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme ve geleceklerini kurma umudunu yitirmi\u015f insanlar kitleler halinde g\u00f6\u00e7 ediyorlar. G\u00f6\u00e7lerin y\u00f6n\u00fc, nedenini de ortaya koyuyor. G\u00f6\u00e7ler esas olarak Asya\u2019dan ve Afrika\u2019dan Avrupa\u2019ya ve Kuzey Amerika\u2019ya (bu arada Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019dan da Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019ya), Orta ve G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019dan Kuzey Amerika\u2019ya do\u011fru ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Yani modernite birikiminin zay\u0131f oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerden modernite birikiminin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelere do\u011fru. \u0130nsanlar kendi \u00fclkelerinde yaratamad\u0131klar\u0131 moderniteye, moderniteyi tarihsel olarak yaratm\u0131\u015f olan \u00fclkelere g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek ula\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan, acil nedeni ne olursa olsun (sava\u015ftan ka\u00e7ma, g\u00fcvenlik, refah vb.) bu g\u00f6\u00e7ler, modernite arzusunun d\u0131\u015favurumudur, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bir modernite ak\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Devrimlere \u201c\u00e7aresizli\u011fin \u00e7aresi\u201d denir. Peki, devrim yap\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya devrim umudunun kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman \u00e7are yok mudur? \u0130nsanlar \u00f6lecek midir; karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n dipsiz kuyular\u0131nda ya\u015famaya mahk\u00fbm mu olacaklard\u0131r? \u0130\u015fte g\u00f6\u00e7ler (asl\u0131nda tarih boyunca oldu\u011fu gibi), \u201cdevrimsizli\u011fin \u00e7aresi\u201d (\u00e7aresizli\u011fin \u00e7aresinin \u00e7aresizli\u011finin \u00e7aresi) olarak g\u00fcndeme geliyor. \u00d6yle bir \u201c\u00e7are\u201ddir ki bu, insanlar \u00e7oluk-\u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 terk etmeyi, t\u0131kl\u0131m t\u0131kl\u0131m botlarla denize a\u00e7\u0131lmay\u0131, y\u00fcksek da\u011flarda donmay\u0131, \u00e7\u00f6lleri y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek a\u015fmay\u0131, bo\u011fulmay\u0131, kur\u015funlanmay\u0131, katledilmeyi g\u00f6ze al\u0131yorlar. \u201cDevrimsizli\u011fin \u00e7aresi\u201d b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey! \u201cBa\u015f\u0131bo\u015f modernite\u201d b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey!<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ender Helvac\u0131o\u011flu Son 25-30 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcreci (ve devam\u0131n\u0131) \u201cgeri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u201d, \u201cyeni orta\u00e7a\u011f\u201d gibi tan\u0131mlarla a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 -ilk bak\u0131\u015fta ger\u00e7ek gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnseler de- do\u011fru bulmuyorum. \u0130\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz d\u00f6nemi, \u00f6ncekilerden farkl\u0131 ama yine de bir t\u00fcr modernite at\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 d\u00f6nemi olarak tan\u0131mlamak daha do\u011fru olabilir. D\u00fcnya toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n modernle\u015fmesi, modernitenin k\u00fcreselle\u015fmesi devam ediyor; ama \u00f6nceki modernite at\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerinden farkl\u0131 olarak, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":493,"featured_media":58616,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[211,19,2313,1,235,8999,8998,28,218],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-58614","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-antropoloji","category-bilim-gundemi","category-degirmen","category-genel","category-guncel","category-siyasetbilim","category-siyasetbilimi","category-sosyal-bilimler","category-sosyoloji"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58614","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/493"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58614"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58614\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/58616"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58614"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58614"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58614"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}