{"id":58795,"date":"2023-07-06T00:00:25","date_gmt":"2023-07-05T21:00:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=58795"},"modified":"2023-07-05T20:52:24","modified_gmt":"2023-07-05T17:52:24","slug":"kitapci-rafi-63","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2023\/07\/06\/kitapci-rafi-63","title":{"rendered":"Kitap\u00e7\u0131 Raf\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c7\u0131ld\u0131ran Herk\u00fcl
\nSeneca, \u00c7ev. \u00dcmit Fafo Telatar, Evren Selen Dumlup\u0131nar [Latince], Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131, 2023, 103 s.
\n<\/strong>Seneca\u2019n\u0131n, Hercules Furens<\/em> adl\u0131 tragedyas\u0131n\u0131n konusu Yunan mitolojisinin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kahraman\u0131 Herakles (Lat. Hercules, T\u00fcrk. Herk\u00fcl) ve onun i\u015fleridir. Latincede Hercules ismiyle an\u0131lan kahraman, efsaneye g\u00f6re tanr\u0131 Iuppiter ile Miken kral\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 ve Amphitryon\u2019un kar\u0131s\u0131 Alcmene\u2019nin o\u011fludur. Iuppiter, Teleboial\u0131lar<\/em> \u00fczerine sefer d\u00fczenleyen Amphitryon\u2019un yoklu\u011funda onun k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na girerek Alcmene ile birlikte olmu\u015f, bu birliktelikten yar\u0131 tanr\u0131, yar\u0131 insan Herk\u00fcl do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Iuppiter\u2019in kar\u0131s\u0131 Iuno, durumdan haberi olunca buna \u00e7ok \u00f6fkelenmi\u015f ve do\u011fan \u00e7ocuk Herk\u00fcl\u2019e \u00f6fkesi hi\u00e7 dinmemi\u015ftir. Nefret dolu tanr\u0131\u00e7a Iuno\u2019nun \u00f6fkesi, \u00f6\u00e7 alma tutkusuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Iuno, nefret etti\u011fi \u00fcvey o\u011flu Herk\u00fcl\u2019e, Argos kral\u0131 Eurystheus arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, on iki zorlu g\u00f6rev vermi\u015ftir. Bu g\u00f6revlerin sonuncusu ve en tehlikelisi, \u00d6l\u00fcler Diyar\u0131\u2019na inmek ve oradaki \u00fc\u00e7 ba\u015fl\u0131 korkun\u00e7 k\u00f6pek Cerberus\u2019u yery\u00fcz\u00fcne getirmektir. Herk\u00fcl, dostu Theseus\u2019un yard\u0131m\u0131yla bu g\u00f6revi de ba\u015far\u0131yla yerine getirip, kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 ve babas\u0131n\u0131 zalim, zorba tiran Lycus taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmekten kurtarmak i\u00e7in tam zaman\u0131nda Thebai\u2019ye var\u0131r. Onlar\u0131 da kurtar\u0131p tam bir zafere ula\u015fmas\u0131na \u00e7ok yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak Iuno, \u00fcvey o\u011flunun zafer kazanmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeye, onu y\u0131k\u0131ma s\u00fcr\u00fcklemeye kararl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7la, b\u00f6ylesi zorlu i\u015fler vererek alt edemeyece\u011fini, onu y\u0131ld\u0131ramayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in plan\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir: Herk\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcn kendi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak, onun kendi kendisine zarar vermesini ama\u00e7lar. \u00d6l\u00fcler Diyar\u0131\u2019ndan ba\u015far\u0131yla d\u00f6nen Herk\u00fcl\u2019e cinnet ge\u00e7irtip onu \u00e7\u0131ld\u0131rt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Maymunsan – Primat D\u00fcnyas\u0131nda
\nG\u00fclfem Uysal, \u00c7at\u0131 Kitaplar\u0131 Yay\u0131nevi, 2023, 230 s.
\n<\/strong>Orangutan ve gorillerin aksine, en yak\u0131n kuzenlerimiz kabul edilen \u015fempanzelerin besin zincirinde, etin \u00f6nemli bir yer tuttu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Genellikle avlar\u0131na basit\u00e7e sald\u0131r\u0131r ve yakalarlar. Afrika’da rapor edilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda, 30 bireylik gruplar\u0131n 4-6 bireylik birimlere ayr\u0131larak saatler s\u00fcren sab\u0131rl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sonucunda, avlar\u0131na yakla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 ve aniden sald\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir. En sevdikleri t\u00fcr k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kolobuslar olsa da 25 farkl\u0131 t\u00fcr avlayabildikleri kaydedilmi\u015ftir. Gombe Ulusal Park\u0131’nda yap\u0131lan g\u00f6zlemde, 30 sald\u0131r\u0131dan 12’sinin \u00f6l\u00fcmle sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yine 10 y\u0131l s\u00fcren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 \u00f6l\u00fcmle sonu\u00e7lanan avlama rapor edilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle kolobus av\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda t\u00fcm s\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ekip olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 gerekir. Avlanacak maymunlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu a\u011fac\u0131n etraf\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 timi taraf\u0131ndan sar\u0131l\u0131r, t\u00fcm ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f noktalar\u0131 kapat\u0131l\u0131r ve tuza\u011fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclen maymunlar ani bir atakla yakalan\u0131r. Eri\u015fkin erkek kolobuslar kar\u015f\u0131 koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsalar da, 6 kat daha a\u011f\u0131r olan \u015fempanzeler bu kovalamadan genellikle galip \u00e7\u0131karlar. Avlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in di\u015flerini de\u011fil, yer\u00e7ekimini kullan\u0131r, avlar\u0131n\u0131 sert\u00e7e yere atarlar. Bir\u00e7ok anne baban\u0131n, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 istedikleri gibi yeti\u015ftirdiklerini s\u00f6ylerken, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ise istedikleri \u015fekilde yeti\u015ftirememekten \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve “Biz hapsine ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde davrand\u0131k, bu \u00e7ocu\u011fun niye b\u00f6yle oldu\u011funu anlamad\u0131k.” dediklerini \u00e7evremizde s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bunun en \u00f6nemli sebeplerinden biri bir\u00e7ok anne baban\u0131n, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n bireysel \u00f6zelliklerinin birbirinden farkl\u0131 olabilece\u011fini ve her \u00e7ocu\u011fa farkl\u0131 davranmak gerekebilece\u011fini dikkatlerinden ka\u00e7\u0131rmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kuantum Kuram\u0131: \u00c7ok K\u0131sa Bir Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7
\nJohn Polkinghorne, \u00c7ev. Mehmet Ali Olpak, K\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2023, 143 s.
\n<\/strong>1968\u2019den 1979\u2019a kadar Cambridge, sonras\u0131nda da Queens College\u2019de matematiksel fizik profes\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yapm\u0131\u015f olan John Polkinghorne, \u201cKuantum Kuram\u0131: \u00c7ok K\u0131sa Bir Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7\u201d kitab\u0131nda basit ve matematiksel olmayan bir dille atom alt\u0131 d\u00fcnyay\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck d\u00fcnyam\u0131zdan farkl\u0131 k\u0131lan ilgin\u00e7 ve heyecanl\u0131 fikirleri a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015ftururken kesinsizlik, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemezlik, dalga\/par\u00e7ac\u0131k ikilili\u011fi, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemeyen problemi, fizik tarihindeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck ke\u015fiflerden birinin anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r h\u00e2le getirilmesi ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n se\u00e7kin entelekt\u00fcel ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan bir tanesini vb. konular\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir bi\u00e7imde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck Matematik Problemleri
\nIan Stewart, Alfa Bilim, 2023, 376 s.
\n<\/strong>Bu kitap, 350 y\u0131ld\u0131r ispatlanamayan Fermat teoremini y\u0131llarca u\u011fra\u015farak \u00e7\u00f6zen Andrew Wiles\u2019\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnden, Poincar\u00e9 varsay\u0131m\u0131 kan\u0131t\u0131yla milyon dolarl\u0131k \u00f6d\u00fcl kazanan, ama \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc reddeden eksantrik d\u00e2hi Grigori Perelman\u2019\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00fczerinden matematik tarihinin en \u00f6nemli problemlerini anlat\u0131yor. Matematik tarihinin kimi zaman binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine giden zor problemlerini, matematik\u00e7ilerin ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcleriyle harmanlayarak e\u011flenceli bir \u015fekilde aktaran Stewart, bu problemlerin gelece\u011fin bilimini nas\u0131l \u015fekillendirdi\u011fini de g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Y<\/strong>\u0131ld\u0131zlar-K\u0131sa Bir Giri\u015f
\nAndrew King, \u00c7ev. Zeynep Alpar, \u0130\u015f K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2023, 152 s.
\n<\/strong>Oxford \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin cep kitaplar\u0131 serisinden yay\u0131mlanan bu kitapta, \u00f6len y\u0131ld\u0131zlardan do\u011fan beyaz c\u00fcceleri, n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131, kara delikleri tan\u0131tma ama\u00e7lan\u0131yor. Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcrken d\u0131\u015f katmanlar\u0131ndan uzaya p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclen gazlar\u0131n f\u00fczyonuyla olu\u015fan yeni elementleri izliyor, nihayetinde bu malzemeyle \u015fekillenen yepyeni y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n ve bunlar\u0131n etraf\u0131nda olu\u015fan gezegenlerin izini s\u00fcrmeyi anlat\u0131yor. Yazar Andrew King y\u0131ld\u0131z biliminde derin bir ke\u015ffe \u00e7\u0131karak okura k\u00fctle\u00e7ekiminin, termal bas\u0131nc\u0131n, manyetik alanlar\u0131n, \u0131\u015f\u0131man\u0131n y\u0131ld\u0131zlar \u00fczerindeki etkilerini a\u00e7\u0131klarken, bunu okulda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc fen bilgisi derslerinden bas\u0131n\u00e7, k\u00fctle, yo\u011funluk gibi kavramlar\u0131 hat\u0131rlayanlar\u0131n anlayabilece\u011fi \u015fekilde yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bilgi ve Evrim – Bilgi \u00c7a\u011f\u0131nda Ger\u00e7e\u011fi Aramak
\nEngin Bermek, Ginko Bilim, 2023, 408 s.
\n<\/strong>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn maddiyat\u00e7\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda bilgi s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc genelde toplumsal ve iktisadi ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n alt\u0131nda yatan, iletilebilen, payla\u015f\u0131labilen ve de \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilen, hesaplanabilen nesnel bir varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Oysa bilgi insan zihninin \u00f6znel bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr; insan\u0131n bilinciyle deneyimledi\u011fi bir olgunun alt\u0131nda yatan d\u00fczenlili\u011fi kavramas\u0131 ya da o d\u00fczenlili\u011fi kendi zihninde yaratmas\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bilginin temelinde buna g\u00f6re \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc ve d\u00fczenlilikler yatar. Bunlar evrenin ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri var olmu\u015f, maddi varl\u0131kta v\u00fccut bularak form\/bi\u00e7im verici nitelikleriyle (Latince k\u00f6keni de form\/bi\u00e7im vermek anlam\u0131na gelen) informasyon niteli\u011fini kazanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Biyolojik evrim s\u00fcrecinde informasyon canl\u0131larda da v\u00fccut bulmu\u015f, onlara bi\u00e7im ve i\u015flev kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na d\u00fczen vermi\u015ftir. Art\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131 bir geri besleme s\u00fcreci ortaya informasyonu giderek daha b\u00fcy\u00fck yetkinlikle i\u015fleyen canl\u0131lar\u0131, bunlar\u0131n etkinlikleri de ortaya daha da geli\u015fmi\u015f informasyon t\u00fcrlerini \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar ise informasyonu bilgiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme, bilgiyi payla\u015fma ve ama\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda kullanma yetenekleriyle biyolojik uzam\u0131 a\u015fan bili\u015fsel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel evrim s\u00fcrecini ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f, onu bilimsel, teknolojik ya da sanat temelli bilgi gibi, geli\u015fmi\u015f t\u00fcrlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme becerisini g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir. Kitap bu s\u00fcreci \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemeye y\u00f6nelik bir giri\u015fim olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yapay Zekaya Kar\u015f\u0131 Do\u011fal Zeka
\nRoger Penrose, Mitra Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2023, 225 s.
\n<\/strong>Bu eser, Roger Penrose ve Emanuele Severino aras\u0131nda, zaman\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n en ilgi \u00e7ekici konular\u0131ndan biri olan yapay zek\u00e2 ile do\u011fal zek\u00e2n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bunun insan ve makine bilinci kavramlar\u0131na kadar olan uzant\u0131s\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bir diyalo\u011fu merkezine al\u0131yor. Mauro D`Ariano, Federico Faggin, Ines Testoni, Giuseppe Vitiello`nun ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 makaleleri ve Fabio Scardigli`nin \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fc ile kitab\u0131 tamamlanmakta ve tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nleri ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Tamamen farkl\u0131 bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan olsa da t\u00fcm yazarlar, bir \u201cbilin\u00e7\u201d bi\u00e7imi olmadan ger\u00e7ek \u201czek\u00e2ya\u201d sahip olman\u0131n neredeyse imk\u00e2ns\u0131z oldu\u011fu fikrinde birle\u015fiyor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Asl\u0131nda, genellikle ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin muammal\u0131 bir \u201caynas\u0131\u201d olarak tasarlanan (ama ger\u00e7ekten bir ayna m\u0131?) bilin\u00e7, \u00f6zellikle son y\u0131llarda bilim ve teknoloji taraf\u0131ndan yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan bir olgudur. Bu fenomen nereden geliyor (insanlarda ve belki hayvanlarda da)? Baz\u0131 \u201ccihazlarda\u201d tekrarlanabilir mi? Bug\u00fcn bir bilin\u00e7 teorimiz var m\u0131? Makine \u00f6\u011frenimi veya bili\u015fsel hesaplaman\u0131n vaat etti\u011fi gibi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen veya bilin\u00e7li makineler in\u015fa etmeye varacak m\u0131y\u0131z?<\/p>\n

Dunya Mitolojisinde Kad\u0131nlar: Tanr\u0131\u00e7alar Kahramanlar ve Canavarlar
\nJenny Williamson , Genn McMenemy, \u00c7ev. Ekin Duru, Say Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2023, 224 s.
\n<\/strong>Mitolojide Yunan tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Athena ve M\u0131s\u0131r tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 \u0130sis hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u015fey yaz\u0131ld\u0131. Peki ya g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcndeki bir delikten d\u00fcnyaya d\u00fc\u015fen \u0130rokua mitolojisinin G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc Kad\u0131n\u0131 veya iki d\u00fcnya aras\u0131nda dola\u015fan Koreli kahraman Prenses Bari gibi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki mitolojik karakterler hakk\u0131nda neler biliyoruz? G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131n, kudretli krali\u00e7elerin ve efsanevi yarat\u0131klar\u0131n bilinmeyen \u00f6zelliklerini g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seren D\u00fcnya Mitolojisinde Kad\u0131nlar: Tanr\u0131\u00e7alar, Kahramanlar ve Canavarlar<\/em> mitoloji ve folklorun b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffe \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yor. \u00c7e\u015fitli mitolojilerden destans\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc anlatan bu kitapta kahramanlardan tanr\u0131\u00e7alara, toplum liderlerinden tuhaf canavarlara kadar sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131, bilge, \u015fefkatli ve kurnaz kad\u0131nlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015facaks\u0131n\u0131z. Her k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn bu ilgi \u00e7ekici hik\u00e2yelerde kurallar\u0131 alt \u00fcst eden kad\u0131nlardan \u00f6\u011frenece\u011fi \u00e7ok \u015fey var.<\/p>\n

Mutlak\u0131yet\u00e7i Devletin K\u00f6kenleri
\nPerry Anderson, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2023, 480 s.
\n<\/strong>Feodalizmden kapitalizme gec\u0327is\u0327 ve bu gec\u0327is\u0327in toplumsal yap\u0131da yaratt\u0131g\u0306\u0131 do\u0308nu\u0308s\u0327u\u0308m, uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r tarihyaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n temel tart\u0131s\u0327ma konular\u0131ndan biridir. Perry Anderson, erken Modern C\u0327ag\u0306 ile Avrupa\u2019da ha\u0302kimiyetini ilan eden Mutlak\u0131yetc\u0327ilig\u0306i, bu do\u0308nu\u0308s\u0327u\u0308mu\u0308n merkezi\u0302 siyasal temas\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131yor. Bat\u0131 ve Dog\u0306u Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n toplumsal yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n birbirinden ayr\u0131lan ve birbirini tamamlayan niteliklerinin kars\u0327\u0131las\u0327t\u0131rmal\u0131 tarih perspektifiyle ele al\u0131nd\u0131g\u0306\u0131 Mutlak\u0131yetc\u0327i Devletin Ko\u0308kenleri, devletlerin dog\u0306a ve yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n evrimindeki c\u0327es\u0327itlilig\u0306i benzerlik ve kars\u0327\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ac\u0327\u0131g\u0306a c\u0327\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluyla inceliyor. Antikiteden Feodalizme Gec\u0327is\u0327ler\u2019in izinden giden bu klasikles\u0327mis\u0327 c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327ma, iktisadi yap\u0131yla toplumsal ve siyasal yap\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ilis\u0327kilerden yola c\u0327\u0131karak c\u0327ok boyutlu bir yaklas\u0327\u0131m sergiliyor. Avrupa ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmayan Anderson, \u201cAsya Tipi U\u0308retim Tarz\u0131\u201d kavramsallas\u0327t\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n gec\u0327erlilig\u0306ini I\u0307sla\u0302m du\u0308nyas\u0131, Japon feodalizmi ve C\u0327in o\u0308rneg\u0306i u\u0308zerinden tart\u0131s\u0327\u0131rken, birbirinden ayr\u0131 olay ve bu\u0308tu\u0308ncu\u0308l yap\u0131lar\u0131n benzerlik ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

Bamba\u015fka Bir Sartre
\nFran\u00e7ois Noudelmann, \u00c7ev. \u015eehsuvar Akta\u015f, Yap\u0131 Kredi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2023, 152 s.
\n<\/strong>Jean Paul-Sartre\u2019\u0131n manevi k\u0131z\u0131nda bulunan \u015fahsi ar\u015fivinden ve kendisiyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerden hareketle haz\u0131rlanan \u201cBamba\u015fka Bir Sartre\u201d yay\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f mektuplar, ses-film kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ve notlardan olu\u015fan bu ar\u015fivin izinde Sartre\u2019\u0131n y\u00fczeysel bir turist olmay\u0131 sevdi\u011fini, g\u00f6nl\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7oke\u015flili\u011fe meyletti\u011fini, angaje yazar kimli\u011finin \u00fczerine yap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan rahats\u0131z oldu\u011funu, m\u00fczikle olan ili\u015fkisini ve depresif anlar\u0131n\u0131 if\u015fa eden \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olma iddias\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Sinema ve G\u00f6\u00e7: Ulus\u00f6tesi Sinemada G\u00f6\u00e7 Politikalar\u0131 ve G\u00f6\u00e7men Kimlikleri;
\nEda Evlio\u011flu Gezer, Nobel Bilimsel Kitaplar, 2023, 302 s.
\n<\/strong>\u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihi kadar eski bir olgu olan g\u00f6\u00e7, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. Genellikle ekonomik nedenlerin \u00f6n planda oldu\u011fu g\u00f6\u00e7 karar\u0131nda sava\u015f, siyasi bask\u0131lar ve otoriter rejimlerin etkileri yads\u0131namaz. \u0130tici ve \u00e7ekici fakt\u00f6rlerin etkisiyle uluslararas\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7te ya\u015fanan art\u0131\u015f, beraberinde Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda daha s\u0131k\u0131 tedbirler almas\u0131na ve sert g\u00f6\u00e7 politikalar\u0131 uygulamas\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Bu durum, \u00f6zellikle d\u00fczensiz g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yollara ba\u015fvurmas\u0131na ve insan ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmesine neden olmaktad\u0131r. Hedef \u00fclkeye yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yollardan giri\u015f yapma u\u011fruna t\u00fcrl\u00fc badireler atlatan d\u00fczensiz g\u00f6\u00e7menler, kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan yakalan\u0131p s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilme tehlikesiyle de kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yasal yoldan g\u00f6\u00e7 eden d\u00fczenli g\u00f6\u00e7menler ve d\u00fczensiz g\u00f6\u00e7menler, g\u00f6\u00e7 ettikleri hedef \u00fclkede \u00e7e\u015fitli problemlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu problemler en temelde d\u0131\u015flanma, \u00f6tekile\u015ftirilme, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, yabanc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, aidiyet, kimlik, dil, i\u015fsizlik, uyum sa\u011flayamama, e\u011fitim-sa\u011fl\u0131k-bar\u0131nma gibi sosyal haklardan mahrumiyet, can ve mal g\u00fcvenliklerinin olmamas\u0131, insanl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lma gibi sorunlard\u0131r. D\u00fczenli ve d\u00fczensiz g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu sorunlar b\u00fct\u00fcn sanat dallar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sineman\u0131n da merkezi meselelerinden biridir. G\u00f6\u00e7men sinemas\u0131nda g\u00f6\u00e7 politikalar\u0131n\u0131n, g\u00f6\u00e7men kimliklerinin, mek\u00e2nsal-toplumsal hareketliliklerin ve diasporik aidiyetlerin incelendi\u011fi bu kitapta; sava\u015f, i\u015fsizlik, daha iyi bir ya\u015fam gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle isteyerek veya istemeyerek g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc deneyimleyen insanlar\u0131n hik\u00e2yelerini anlatan g\u00f6\u00e7 filmleri \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Beyin F\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131
\nDavid J. Linden, \u00c7ev. Bar\u0131\u015f G\u00f6n\u00fcl\u015fen, Kolektif Kitap, 2023, 352 s.
\n<\/strong>Sinirbilimci David J. Linden \u00f6nc\u00fc beyin ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131yla muhabbet edip birlikte \u00e7ak\u0131rkeyif olduktan sonra her birine ayn\u0131 soruyu sorar: \u201cBeynin i\u015fleyi\u015fi konusunda d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 en \u00e7ok istedi\u011fin fikir hangisi?\u201d Verdikleri yan\u0131tlar sonunda insan zihni ve onun olanaklar\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki bilgileri geni\u015fletmeyi ama\u00e7layan ve pop\u00fcler bilim denemelerinden olu\u015fan bu eser meydana gelir. Uzmanl\u0131k alanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda insan davran\u0131\u015f\u0131, molek\u00fcler genetik, evrimsel biyoloji ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 anatomi bulunan kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar, ki\u015filikten alg\u0131ya, \u00f6\u011frenmeye, g\u00fczelli\u011fe, sevgiye ve sekse kadar bir\u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici konuyu ele al\u0131r.Yapt\u0131klar\u0131 son deneylerin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na girmez, s\u00f6yleyeceklerini terimlerle bo\u011fmazlar ve gayet net, ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman da hi\u00e7 beklenmedik ve sezgiye ayk\u0131r\u0131 yan\u0131tlar verirler. Nihayetinde de bireysel deneyimlerin beynimizin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l dramatik bir \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015ftirebildi\u011fini g\u00f6sterirler. Profes\u00f6r Linden ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 hem bilim merakl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n hem de profesyonellerin eri\u015filebilir ve keyifli bulaca\u011f\u0131 ve ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 bir derleme ile insan zihninin yap\u0131s\u0131na ve sinirbilimin son teknoloji d\u00fcnyas\u0131na yeni bir pencere a\u00e7may\u0131 hedefliyor.<\/p>\n

Yeni Bilimsel Tin
\nGaston Bachelard, \u00c7ev. Alp T\u00fcmertekin, Minotor Kitap, 2023, 152 s.
\n<\/strong>Yeni Bilimsel Tin<\/em>, Gaston Bachelard\u2019\u0131n Bachelard olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kendi k\u0131vam\u0131n\u0131 buldu\u011fu kitapt\u0131r. Nas\u0131l Kepler ve \u00f6zellikle Galileo\u2019nun geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi yeni epistemoloji, filozofunu Descartes\u2019ta bulmu\u015fsa, geometride Loba\u00e7evski ve fizikte Einstein\u2019la ba\u015flayan de\u011fi\u015fmenin epistemolojisini de Bachelard, bu kitab\u0131ndan itibaren teorile\u015ftirmi\u015f, s\u00f6z konusu geli\u015fmelerden bilim felsefesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 nokta ise modern bilimin art\u0131k Descartes\u00e7\u0131 epistemolojiyi geride b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131, a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 saptamas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu noktadan sonra, Bachelard\u2019\u0131n velut epistemolojik \u00fcretimi geleneksel felsefenin rasyonalizm ve ampirizm, ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik ve uzla\u015f\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k gibi ikiliklerini bir sentez i\u00e7inde a\u015fmaya y\u00f6nelir. Yeni Bilimsel Tin<\/em>, Bachelard\u2019\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc rasyonalizminin, tarihsel kopu\u015f teorisi ve epistemolojik pedagojisinin n\u00fcve halinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Filozofu anlamak i\u00e7in ilk \u00f6nce ve en dikkatle okunmas\u0131 gereken eserinin bu oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131’da E\u011flence: \u0130stanbul’un Sosyal ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Hayat\u0131ndan Manzaralar
\n\u00d6zg\u00fcr \u00c7illi, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2023, 408 s.
\n<\/strong>Osmanl\u0131\u2019da Eg\u0306lence, tu\u0308m dini\u0302, etnik, sosyal statu\u0308 c\u0327es\u0327itlilig\u0306i ic\u0327inde I\u0307stanbul toplumunun ku\u0308ltu\u0308rel beslenme kanallar\u0131n\u0131, eg\u0306lence du\u0308nyas\u0131n\u0131 okura canl\u0131 bic\u0327imde sunmay\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yor. O\u0308zgu\u0308 C\u0327illi, bu aras\u0327t\u0131rmas\u0131nda, dini\u0302 mensubiyetin s\u0327ekillendirdig\u0306i farkl\u0131 yas\u0327am gelenekleri ile eg\u0306lenceler aras\u0131ndaki ilis\u0327kileri, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bu etkinlikler u\u0308zerinden sosyal hayata dahil olma imka\u0302n ve c\u0327abalar\u0131n\u0131, modernles\u0327me hareketinin eg\u0306lence hayat\u0131nda yaratt\u0131g\u0306\u0131 deg\u0306is\u0327imleri, yo\u0308netimin ve ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n bu yeni su\u0308rec\u0327teki rol ve tutumlar\u0131n\u0131 aktar\u0131yor. Osmanl\u0131 do\u0308neminde I\u0307stanbul\u2019un eg\u0306lence hayat\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131rken, c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327mas\u0131n\u0131n merkezine sosyal ve ku\u0308ltu\u0308rel etkinlikler ic\u0327indeki insan\u0131 yerles\u0327tiriyor. Bir anlamda Karago\u0308z\u2019den ziyade, Karago\u0308z u\u0308zerinden Karago\u0308z\u2019e giden seyirciyi anlat\u0131yor. Yazar kitab\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu c\u00fcmlelerle \u00f6zetliyor; I\u0307nsanlar\u0131n sadece kendi hemcinsleriyle sosyalles\u0327ebildig\u0306i Osmanl\u0131 toplumunda eg\u0306lence do\u0308nemlerinde bahs\u0327edilen gec\u0327ici \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7selle\u015ftirememi\u015f bireylerin davran\u0131s\u0327lar\u0131n\u0131n bir uc\u0327tan dig\u0306er uca savrulabildig\u0306i go\u0308ru\u0308lu\u0308r. Yu\u0308zy\u0131llar boyunca geleneksel go\u0308sterilerde, bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131s\u0327 her tu\u0308rlu\u0308 duygunun serbestc\u0327e d\u0131s\u0327avurumuna al\u0131s\u0327an ve bu go\u0308sterileri seyirci olarak izlemeleri konusunda herhangi bir k\u0131s\u0131tlamaya maruz kalmayan bireyler, 19. yu\u0308zy\u0131l\u0131n modernles\u0327mis\u0327 du\u0308nyas\u0131na o\u0308zgu\u0308 yeni ku\u0308ltu\u0308rel ortamlarda da o\u0308nceleri eski al\u0131s\u0327kanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 muhafaza etmeye c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327m\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r. Ancak bu yeni hayat\u0131n adab-\u0131 muas\u0327eret kurallar\u0131 yavas\u0327 yavas\u0327 kendilerini dayatm\u0131s\u0327, eg\u0306lence esnas\u0131nda her s\u0327eyin mubah go\u0308ru\u0308lmesi olgusu, yerini belli bir go\u0308rgu\u0308ye b\u0131rakm\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

Dijital Toplum: Kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve Sosyal Sermaye
\nHarun \u00d6zalp, Doruk Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2023, 152 s.
\n<\/strong>\u0130leti\u015fim teknolojilerindeki dijitalle\u015fme, birey ve toplum ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n dinamosu olan ileti\u015fim olgusunu zaman ve mek\u00e2n\u0131n zincirlerinden neredeyse t\u00fcm\u00fcyle kurtarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130leti\u015fime dair bu k\u00f6kl\u00fc d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, hayat\u0131n her alan\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, ki\u015filer aras\u0131 ili\u015fkilerle birlikte, toplumsal kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015finde de \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fimleri beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir. Toplum; birbirinden farkl\u0131 ve birbirini hi\u00e7 tan\u0131mayan insanlar\u0131n dahi, birbiriyle ili\u015fki kurabildi\u011fi ve “b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck” duygusuyla bir arada ya\u015fayabildi\u011fi bir yap\u0131y\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Bu b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck duygusunun olu\u015fumu ise g\u00fcven, benimsenmi\u015f ortak de\u011fer ve normlar, asgari bir memnuniyet, i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve aidiyet hissi gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli unsurlar\u0131n tezah\u00fcr\u00fc ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bireysel ve toplumsal d\u00fczeydeki sosyal sermaye i\u00e7in de bir g\u00f6sterge niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan bu unsurlar; daha \u00f6nceleri din, t\u00f6re, gelenek gibi olgular \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde tezah\u00fcr etmekteydi. S\u00f6z konusu olgular\u0131n i\u015flevinin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise toplumsal ba\u011flar ve sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 aidiyet duygusunun devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015fka birle\u015ftirici fakt\u00f6rlere de gereksinim duyulmaktad\u0131r. Bu noktada dijital teknolojilerin de sundu\u011fu olanaklarla g\u00fc\u00e7lenen ve etki alan\u0131 geni\u015fleyen sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131, toplum ya\u015fam\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik olu\u015fumlar haline gelmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, toplum ya\u015fam\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sosyal sermaye olgusunu kapsaml\u0131 \u015fekilde irdelerken, dijitalle\u015fen toplumdaki yeni nesil sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n dijital ileti\u015fimin olanaklar\u0131yla birlikte ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi sosyal sermaye \u00fcretimini, Ahbap platformu ve platformun Twitter kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ele almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c7\u0131ld\u0131ran Herk\u00fcl Seneca, \u00c7ev. \u00dcmit Fafo Telatar, Evren Selen Dumlup\u0131nar [Latince], Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131, 2023, 103 s. Seneca\u2019n\u0131n, Hercules Furens adl\u0131 tragedyas\u0131n\u0131n konusu Yunan mitolojisinin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kahraman\u0131 Herakles (Lat. Hercules, T\u00fcrk. Herk\u00fcl) ve onun i\u015fleridir. Latincede Hercules ismiyle an\u0131lan kahraman, efsaneye g\u00f6re tanr\u0131 Iuppiter ile Miken kral\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 ve Amphitryon\u2019un kar\u0131s\u0131 Alcmene\u2019nin o\u011fludur. Iuppiter, Teleboial\u0131lar \u00fczerine sefer […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":672,"featured_media":58796,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9003,38,513,510,511],"tags":[9031,9029,9034,9036,9039,9026,9037,9038,9032,9027,9030,9033,9028,9035],"class_list":["post-58795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-231-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-kitapcil","category-surekli-bolumler","category-yayin-dunyasi","tag-bambaska-bir-sartre","tag-beyin-firtinasi","tag-bilgi-ve-evrim-bilgi-caginda-gercegi-aramak","tag-buyuk-matematik-problemleri","tag-cildiran-herkul","tag-dijital-toplum-kuruluslari-ve-sosyal-sermaye","tag-kuantum-kurami-cok-kisa-bir-baslangic","tag-maymunsan-primat-dunyasinda","tag-mutlakiyetci-devletin-kokenleri","tag-osmanlida-eglence-istanbulun-sosyal-ve-kulturel-hayatindan-manzaralar","tag-sinema-ve-goc-ulusotesi-sinemada-goc-politikalari-ve-gocmen-kimlikleri","tag-yapay-zekaya-karsi-dogal-zeka","tag-yeni-bilimsel-tin","tag-yildizlar-kisa-bir-giris"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t