{"id":59883,"date":"2023-08-27T09:00:21","date_gmt":"2023-08-27T06:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=59883"},"modified":"2023-08-25T18:28:02","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T15:28:02","slug":"noetheri-hatirlamak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2023\/08\/27\/noetheri-hatirlamak","title":{"rendered":"Noether\u2019i hat\u0131rlamak  \u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Emre Artan<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201cModern cebirin yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131\u201d da olarak bilinen Emmy Noether\u2019in fizik\u00e7ilerin hayat\u0131ndaki yeri en az matematik\u00e7iler kadar \u00f6zeldir. K\u00fctle\u00e7ekim yasas\u0131n\u0131n en detayl\u0131 ve kapsaml\u0131 teorisi olarak genelle\u015ftirilen g\u00f6relilik teorisinin olu\u015fturulma s\u00fcrecinde <strong>simetri arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131yla<\/strong> hareket ederek Einstein ve Hilbert\u2019in i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131kamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cenerji korunum probleminin\u201d \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f ve ard\u0131ndan yeti\u015fecek say\u0131s\u0131z fizik\u00e7inin, en az\u0131ndan e\u011fitim hayat\u0131nda, g\u00f6rmezden gelemeyece\u011fi bir yere oturmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n<p><em>Physics Today<\/em>\u2019in A\u011fustos say\u0131s\u0131nda, Katherine Brading\u2019in bildirdi\u011fine<sup>1<\/sup> g\u00f6re<em> The Philosophy and Physics of Noether\u2019s Theorems: A Centenary Volume<\/em> (Noether Teoremlerinin Felsefesi ve Fizi\u011fi: Y\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fc Y\u0131l An\u0131s\u0131na), Noether\u2019in teoremlerini 1918\u2019de yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 <em>Invariante Variationsprobleme<\/em> makalesinin \u00fcst\u00fcnden ge\u00e7en y\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131l ad\u0131na 2018 Ekim\u2019inde d\u00fczenlenen bir sempozyumdaki<sup>2<\/sup> sunumlar\u0131n James Read ve Nicholas Teh\u2019in edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde derlendi\u011fi bir antoloji olarak bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Aralar\u0131nda \u00fcnl\u00fc matematiksel fizik\u00e7iler Kasia Rejsner ve John Baez ve teorik fizik\u00e7i Laurent Freidel gibi tarih\u00e7i, filozof ve biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu sempozyumda yap\u0131lan konu\u015fmalar\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fcmlerinden olu\u015fan ciltte, Noether ile ilgili biyografik bilgilerden teoremlerinin detaylar\u0131 ve modern uygulamalar\u0131na kadar uzanan geni\u015f bir konu yelpazesine dahil muhtelif yaz\u0131lar mevcut.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_59885\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-59885\" style=\"width: 214px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-59885 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2-7-214x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"214\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2-7-214x300.jpg 214w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2-7.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 214px) 100vw, 214px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-59885\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Philosophy and Physics of Noether\u2019s Theorems: A Centenary Volume adl\u0131 eser, ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 sempozyumun 4 y\u0131l ard\u0131ndan, 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda Cambridge University Press\u2019den \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Brading\u2019in ifadesine g\u00f6re, Noether\u2019in 1918 makalesi fizi\u011fin <strong>neredeyse her<\/strong> alan\u0131n\u0131n temellerinde kullan\u0131lsa ya da ad\u0131 ge\u00e7irilse bile ya pek s\u0131k okunmuyor ya anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131yor ya da referans verilmiyor.<\/p>\n<p>Var olan fiziksel teorilerin neredeyse hepsinde kullan\u0131lan simetrilerin do\u011fas\u0131ndan olsa gerek, Noether\u2019in <strong>ikinci teoreminin<\/strong> varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan fizik\u00e7iler pek haberdar de\u011fil. Bizzat do\u011frulayabilirim ki, ders kitaplar\u0131 olsun, yaz\u0131lan makaleler olsun \u201cBirinci Noether Teoremi\u2019ne g\u00f6re\u2026\u201d ifadesini \u201cNoether Teoremi\u2019ne g\u00f6re\u2026\u201d olarak \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcze koyuyor. Fakat sonsuz <em>boyutlu Lie cebirlerinin<\/em> verdi\u011fi simetriler fizik\u00e7iler i\u00e7in yine de \u201ckullan\u0131\u015fs\u0131z\u201d say\u0131lmaz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yazarlar\u0131n bu hatay\u0131 pragmatik sebeplerden ziyade pratik sebeplerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsayabiliriz. Konunun detaylar\u0131 ile ilgili daha fazla okumak isteyenler i\u00e7in <em>Bilim ve Gelecek<\/em> Eyl\u00fcl 2021 say\u0131s\u0131na \u0130layda \u0130nan ile birlikte haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u201cEmmy Noether: Ya\u015fam\u0131 ve Teoremleri\u201d<sup>3<\/sup> adl\u0131 makaleyi \u00f6nerebilirim. Teoremleri \u201canlamak\u201d i\u00e7in gerekli matematiksel altyap\u0131 \u00e7ok geni\u015f say\u0131lmasa da Birinci Teorem\u2019in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek isteyen birinin temel <strong>mekanik<\/strong> ya da <strong>(klasik) alan teorisi<\/strong> kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 incelemesinde fayda olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Bahsetti\u011fim yaz\u0131y\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z s\u00fcre\u00e7te Noether hakk\u0131nda biyografik ya da matematiksel kaynak taramalar\u0131m\u0131z bizi belli ba\u015fl\u0131 bir iki kitap d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda pek bir yere ula\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1918 makalesinin fizik\u00e7iler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemi ve gene fizik\u00e7ilerin matemati\u011fin cebir alan\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok tutkulu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131<sup>4<\/sup> g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulursa 1918 makalesinin ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni bir eser i\u00e7in ge\u00e7 bile kal\u0131nd\u0131 diyebilirim.<\/p>\n<p>Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lardan Yvette Kosmann-Schwarzbach\u2019\u0131n Noether\u2019in 1918 makalesinin d\u00f6nemin bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7indeki yeri hakk\u0131nda genel bir fikir verdi\u011fi ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcmden sonra gelen tarihsel arka plan b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri ve Klein ile Hilbert\u2019in Noether\u2019le irtibata ge\u00e7erek onu G\u00f6ttingen \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ne davet etme hik\u00e2yesi okuyucular i\u00e7in, sahip olabilecekleri teknik (\u201cBu teoremler nereden ve neden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f?\u201d) ve tarihsel (\u201cEmmy Noether diye biri var ama tam olarak ne yapm\u0131\u015f ve neden matematik\u00e7ilerin ve fizik\u00e7ilerin dilinden d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcyor?) sorular\u0131 g\u00fczelce cevapland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131. Biyografik detaylar\u0131n i\u00e7inde Almanlar\u0131n uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6n-soyk\u0131r\u0131m (holocaust, shoah) politikalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda detaylar verilmi\u015f. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere Noether, 1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu politikalar\u0131n sonucunda Almanya d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hayatta kalmak i\u00e7in G\u00f6ttingen\u2019i (\u00fcniversiteden at\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra) terk edecek ve nihayetinde ABD\u2019de, ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi bir kist ameliyat\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan iyile\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir komplikasyondan dolay\u0131 gen\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybedecektir.<\/p>\n<p>Genel G\u00f6relilik Teorisi\u2019nin olu\u015fturulma s\u00fcrecinde ba\u015fta Albert Einstein, daha sonra David Hilbert ve teorinin altyap\u0131s\u0131nda eme\u011fi ge\u00e7en erkek fizik\u00e7i ve matematik\u00e7iler s\u0131k s\u0131k alk\u0131\u015flansa da enerji ve maddenin e\u015fitli\u011finin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu teoride g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan en bariz problemlerinden birini \u00e7\u00f6zen Noether\u2019in ad\u0131n\u0131n bile ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Peki nedir bu problem? Enerjinin korunumu. E\u011fer madde ve enerji, uzay ve zaman denkse ve daha da \u00f6nemlisi bir \u201cba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131\u201d yoksa (Kopernik Prensibi\u2019nin en genel uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 durum) o zaman enerjinin \u201cs\u0131f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131\u201d nas\u0131l buluruz ve bulduktan sonra t\u00fcm sistem i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olacak bir enerji korunum yasas\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l yazar\u0131z? Noether\u2019in buna cevab\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fczel olmu\u015f: Tabii ki de yazmayarak. Einstein ve Hilbert\u2019in imdad\u0131na yeti\u015fen Noether\u2019in teoremleri, onlara bir enerji sabiti ya da <strong>4-momentum<\/strong> (uzay-zaman nas\u0131l 4 boyutlu geometri i\u00e7inde ele al\u0131n\u0131yorsa benzer \u015fekilde enerji ve momentum da ele al\u0131nmak zorunda) yerine bir <strong>stres-enerji tens\u00f6r\u00fc<\/strong> (matematikten biraz anlayanlar i\u00e7in 3+1 uzay-zaman koordinat\u0131 \u00fczerinde tan\u0131ml\u0131 bir <strong>matriks<\/strong> olarak sadele\u015ftirilebilir) kullanmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve bu matematiksel obje (tens\u00f6r) \u00fczerinde uygulamak i\u00e7in teoremini kullan\u0131labileceklerini s\u00f6yler.<sup>5<\/sup><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_59886\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-59886\" style=\"width: 176px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-59886 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3-176x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"176\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3-176x300.png 176w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3.png 432w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 176px) 100vw, 176px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-59886\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bariz olmayan bir \u00f6rnek: Noether Teoremleri\u2019nin motivasyon kayna\u011f\u0131 olan genel g\u00f6relilik ve uygu-land\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan olan QFT\u2019nin modern fizikteki bulu\u015fma noktas\u0131: AdS\/CFT denkli\u011fi. Y\u00fcksek boyutlu uzay-zamandaki k\u00fctle\u00e7ekim etkileri, bu uzay\u0131n \u201chologram\u0131\u201d olan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck boyutlu bir s\u0131n\u0131r uzayzaman-daki konformal alan teorilerinde \u201cya\u015fayan par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131\u201d y\u00f6neten dinamikler ile bire bir \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. AdS (Anti de Sitter) taraf\u0131 genel g\u00f6relilik taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilir ve korunum yasalar\u0131 buna g\u00f6re yaz\u0131l\u0131r-ken, CFT (conformal field theory) alan teorisi dinamikleri taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilir ve korunum yasalar\u0131 buna g\u00f6re yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re iki uzaydaki simetrileri kullanarak birbirinin korunum yasas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda fikir sahibi olunabilir mi?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Yedinci B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u2019de Harvey Brown simetriler ve korunum yasalar\u0131 (Noether Teoremleri\u2019nin iki ucu) aras\u0131nda neden simetrilerin \u201cdaha temel konseptler\u201d olarak ele al\u0131n\u0131yor olabilece\u011fini tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Metafizi\u011fin, \u00f6zellikle bilim felsefesinin g\u00fczel bir tart\u0131\u015fma konusu. \u201cDaha temel\u201d ne demek, biliminsanlar\u0131 matemati\u011fi kullanmak konusunda nas\u0131l inisiyatif al\u0131r, matematiksel ve fiziksel (o ne demekse) konseptler aras\u0131nda bir \u201ckullan\u0131m hiyerar\u015fisi\u201d var m\u0131d\u0131r? Brown bu sorular\u0131 ilgilendiren bir tart\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f.<\/p>\n<p>Son olarak da Noether Teoremleri\u2019nin, fizi\u011fin farkl\u0131 alanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ne kadar temel (baz\u0131 lisans fizik \u00f6\u011frencilerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn aksine) matematiksel ili\u015fkiler oldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Genel g\u00f6relilik, klasik mekanik, Par\u00e7ac\u0131k Fizi\u011finin Standard Modeli (quantum elektrodinamik), cebirsel QFT (quantum alan teorisi), elastisite teorisi, termodinamik ve \u0131s\u0131 iletimi gibi konularda Noether Teoremleri\u2019nin yeri ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n<p>Bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f konferans notlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi konusunda Brading\u2019in<sup>1<\/sup> yalanc\u0131s\u0131 olmakla birlikte anlat\u0131lan konularda (ve nas\u0131l anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabileceklerine dair) fikir sahibi oldu\u011fum i\u00e7in Cambridge University Press\u2019in 29 Eyl\u00fcl 2022\u2019de bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve James Read ve Nicholas Teh edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f <em>The Philosophy and Physics of Noether\u2019s Theorems: A Centenary Volume <\/em>adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6nemine kefil olabilirim. Fizikle, fizik ve bilim tarihiyle, matematik ve matematiksel fizikle ya da sadece Emmy Noether\u2019in \u015fahs\u0131yla ilgili merakl\u0131 olan okurlar veya yazarlar i\u00e7in ho\u015f bir kaynak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n<p>Noether, ayn\u0131 zamanda y\u00fcksek derece soyut alanlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f bir biliminsan\u0131. Yahudi bir kad\u0131n olmas\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi de onu yok sayanlar i\u00e7in bahane olmu\u015f olabilir.<sup>6<\/sup> Fakat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 genel okur taraf\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lmasa bile \u00f6vg\u00fcden ve \u015f\u00f6hretten yoksun olmayan bir\u00e7ok biliminsan\u0131 var. Einstein, Hawking, Schr\u00f6dinger, Feynman hatta belki Newton\u2019un <strong>tam olarak<\/strong> ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyorum. Buna ra\u011fmen, g\u00f6r\u00fcnen o ki genel n\u00fcfus bu biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6yle ya da b\u00f6yle \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck bilimadamlar\u0131\u201d oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Buradaki tutars\u0131zl\u0131k rahats\u0131z edici olsa bile bilimcileri birbiriyle d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek yerine Noether\u2019in <strong>kategoriler \u00fcst\u00fc<\/strong> bir matematik\u00e7i oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek ve belki de bu y\u00fczden gizli kalm\u0131\u015f bir fig\u00fcr oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek daha yap\u0131c\u0131 bir ele\u015ftiri getirebiliriz. Kategoriler \u00fcst\u00fc kavram\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in kendi s\u00f6zlerini kullanarak onu savunmak gerekirse: \u201cGeli\u015ftirdi\u011fim metotlar asl\u0131nda geni\u015f bir ba\u011flamda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme metotlar\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r; bu y\u00fczden de dahil olduklar\u0131 t\u00fcm alanlara anonim bir \u015fekilde s\u0131zm\u0131\u015flar.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>KAYNAKLAR VE D\u0130PNOTLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1) Katherine Brading, <em>Celebrating Emmy Noether, <\/em>Physics Today, 1 A\u011fustos 2023<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/physicstoday\/article\/76\/8\/48\/2903566\/Celebrating-Emmy-NoetherThe-Philosophy-and-Physics\">https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/physicstoday\/article\/76\/8\/48\/2903566\/Celebrating-Emmy-NoetherThe-Philosophy-and-Physics<\/a> (Son eri\u015fim: 18 A\u011fustos 2023, 23:59)<\/p>\n<p>2) Konferans sayfas\u0131: <a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.nd.edu\/news\/events\/noether\/\">https:\/\/philosophy.nd.edu\/news\/events\/noether\/<\/a> (Son eri\u015fim: 18 A\u011fustos 2023, 23:59)<\/p>\n<p>3) \u0130layda \u0130nan, Emre Artan, <em>Emmy Noether: Ya\u015fam\u0131 ve teoremleri<\/em>, Bilim ve Gelecek Eyl\u00fcl 2021<\/p>\n<p>4) Matematiksel fizik d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki alanlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan biri i\u00e7in <strong>ideal teorisi<\/strong> hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olman\u0131n muhtemelen do\u011frudan bir getirisi yok.<\/p>\n<p>5) Asl\u0131nda Noether 1918 makalesini zaten Hilbert\u2019in te\u015fviki \u00fczerine, var olan Genel G\u00f6relilik\u2019te enerji korunumu problemini \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken yazar.<\/p>\n<p>6) Katod \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve \u00f6zellikle fotoelektrik etki hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00f6zlemleriyle bilinen Philipp Lenard adl\u0131 fizik\u00e7inin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki \u00fcn\u00fc, ne yaz\u0131k ki kendi kararlar\u0131 sonucu, <strong>Deutsche Physik<\/strong> yani Alman fizi\u011fi hareketinden geliyor. Lenard, Einstein\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6relilik teorileri ve daha sonra kuantum mekanik i\u00e7in getirilen matematiksel yakla\u015f\u0131mlar i\u00e7in \u201cYahudi fizi\u011fi\u201d tabirini kullanm\u0131\u015f ve Yahudi fizi\u011fini \u00f6zhakiki, yerli ve milli fizik olan \u201cAlman fizi\u011finin\u201d antitezi olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu hususta Noether\u2019in hakiki bir \u201cYahudi matematik\u00e7i\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Emre Artan \u201cModern cebirin yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131\u201d da olarak bilinen Emmy Noether\u2019in fizik\u00e7ilerin hayat\u0131ndaki yeri en az matematik\u00e7iler kadar \u00f6zeldir. K\u00fctle\u00e7ekim yasas\u0131n\u0131n en detayl\u0131 ve kapsaml\u0131 teorisi olarak genelle\u015ftirilen g\u00f6relilik teorisinin olu\u015fturulma s\u00fcrecinde simetri arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131yla hareket ederek Einstein ve Hilbert\u2019in i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131kamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cenerji korunum probleminin\u201d \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f ve ard\u0131ndan yeti\u015fecek say\u0131s\u0131z fizik\u00e7inin, en az\u0131ndan e\u011fitim hayat\u0131nda, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":872,"featured_media":59884,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,1475,26,25],"tags":[4928,277,9270,9271,9275,288,9274,9276,9277,9269,9273,346,9272,9278,375,674],"class_list":["post-59883","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","category-bilim-ve-tarih","category-fizik","category-matematik","tag-cebir","tag-einstein","tag-enerjinin-korunumu","tag-enerjinin-korunumu-yasasi","tag-feynmann","tag-fizik","tag-hawking","tag-kopernik-prensibi","tag-kuantum-alan-teorisi","tag-matematiksel-fizik","tag-modern-cebirin-yaraticisi","tag-newton","tag-noether","tag-noether-teoremleri","tag-schrodinger","tag-simetri"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59883","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/872"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59883"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59883\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/59884"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59883"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59883"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59883"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}