{"id":60046,"date":"2023-09-01T00:00:01","date_gmt":"2023-08-31T21:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=60046"},"modified":"2023-08-31T21:01:47","modified_gmt":"2023-08-31T18:01:47","slug":"once-soz-mu-vardi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2023\/09\/01\/once-soz-mu-vardi","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6nce \u2018s\u00f6z\u2019 m\u00fc vard\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ender Helvac\u0131o\u011flu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yuhanna \u0130ncili<\/em> \u015f\u00f6yle ba\u015flar: \u201cBa\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta S\u00f6z vard\u0131. S\u00f6z Tanr\u0131\u2019yla birlikteydi ve S\u00f6z Tanr\u0131\u2019yd\u0131.\u201d
\nSaf idealizmi \u00e7ok g\u00fczel ifade eden bir \u00f6nerme bu: \u201c\u00d6nce s\u00f6z vard\u0131.\u201d
\nEn kabas\u0131ndan en incesine (diyalektik ve tarihsel olan\u0131na) materyalistlere g\u00f6re ise \u00f6nce madde ve hareket (olgu) gelir. S\u00f6z, onun zemininde y\u00fckselir.<\/p>\n

Pratikte hi\u00e7 de idealist de\u011fil bal gibi materyalist ya\u015fayan halk\u0131m\u0131z da kutsal kitab\u0131n bu her \u015feyin ba\u015f\u0131 \u201cs\u00f6z\u201d\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131, g\u00fczel bir kar\u015f\u0131-s\u00f6zc\u00fck \u00fcretmi\u015ftir: \u201cS\u00f6zde\u201d veya \u201cS\u00f6z\u00fcm ona\u201d. Ger\u00e7ekte \u00f6yle olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamak, hatta a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6nce s\u00f6z olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ger\u00e7e\u011fin edilen s\u00f6z ile anla\u015f\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ne kadar g\u00fczel ifade ediyor \u201cs\u00f6zde\u201d (\u201clafta\u201d da diyebiliriz) s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Zaten atalar\u0131m\u0131z dememi\u015f midir ki: Ayinesi (aynas\u0131) i\u015ftir ki\u015finin lafa bak\u0131lmaz.
\nNeyse, bu kadar pop\u00fclizm yeter; gelelim kendi ger\u00e7e\u011fimize (pardon s\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcze).
\nMateryalizmin neye \u00f6ncelik verdi\u011fini lafta (s\u00f6zde) hepimiz biliriz de, uygulamada saf idealizmden s\u0131yr\u0131lmak kolay de\u011fildir. Asl\u0131nda pek i\u015fimize de gelmez. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc -a\u011fz\u0131m\u0131z biraz laf yap\u0131yorsa- s\u00f6z s\u00f6ylemek kolayd\u0131r. Hele bir de Yuhanna \u0130ncili<\/em>\u2019nde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi tanr\u0131sall\u0131k atfediliyorsa\u2026 Tanr\u0131sall\u0131k derken ille de bildik klasik Tanr\u0131\u2019y\u0131 kastetmiyoruz; \u201clider s\u00f6z\u00fc\u201d, \u201c\u00f6rg\u00fct s\u00f6z\u00fc\u201d de kendi \u00e7ap\u0131nda tanr\u0131sall\u0131k (a\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k) kazanabilir. Sol i\u00e7inde bile\u2026 Bir\u00e7ok sosyalist yap\u0131da bile, s\u00f6z \u00f6nce gelir. Hi\u00e7 de programatik olmayan g\u00fcncel bir olayda bile, bir bakm\u0131\u015fs\u0131n\u0131z liderin o olay hakk\u0131ndaki s\u00f6z\u00fc (yorumu), hi\u00e7 sorgulanmadan t\u00fcm \u00fcyeler taraf\u0131ndan tekrar ediliyor. Kald\u0131 ki, programatik olsa bile, program olguyu de\u011fi\u015ftiremez ama olgu program\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir, de\u011fi\u015ftirmelidir.<\/p>\n

Her d\u00fczeyde bir egemenlik arac\u0131d\u0131r \u201cs\u00f6z\u201d. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131za sitem etmez miyiz, \u201cS\u00f6z dinlemiyor\u201d, \u201cLaftan anlam\u0131yor\u201d diye? Yuhanna \u0130ncili<\/em>\u2019nin ilk c\u00fcmlesinin tekrar\u0131d\u0131r bunlar. \u00c7ocu\u011fun ikna edilmesinin daha bilimsel (materyalist) bir yolu bulunmamal\u0131 m\u0131? Hem belki de \u00e7ocuk hakl\u0131d\u0131r. Bizim g\u00f6remedi\u011fimiz bir \u015feyi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr belki; kral\u0131n \u00e7\u0131plak oldu\u011fu gibi mesela\u2026<\/p>\n

\u201cS\u00f6z\u201d\u00fcn d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fck potansiyelini abartmak, tipik bir ayd\u0131n metafizi\u011fidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ayd\u0131n\u0131n elindeki tek silah \u201cs\u00f6z\u201dd\u00fcr. Do\u011fal olarak kendi silah\u0131n\u0131 abartmaktad\u0131r ayd\u0131n. Sanmaktad\u0131r ki, etti\u011fi lafla d\u00fcnyay\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrecek. Oysa s\u00f6zler, b\u0131rak\u0131n ayd\u0131n\u0131, tanr\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fc bile olsalar, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcremez. Laflar d\u00fcnyay\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcremez ama d\u00fcnya (olgular) laflar\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmelidir.<\/p>\n

\u0130deolojik hegemonya nas\u0131l sa\u011flan\u0131r? \u201cS\u00f6z\u201d bu hegemonyan\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda en etkisiz unsurlardan biri. \u00d6nce \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7\u201d ile hegemonya sa\u011flan\u0131r; s\u00f6z bu hegemonyan\u0131n yald\u0131zl\u0131 ambalaj\u0131d\u0131r sadece. S\u00f6z, g\u00fcc\u00fcn arac\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fc\u00e7 ile birle\u015fmeyen bir s\u00f6z, ne kadar parlak olursa olsun etkili olamaz. \u0130deolojik m\u00fccadele ideolojiyle kazan\u0131lmaz. Hatta daha da geni\u015fletelim: Tart\u0131\u015fmalar tart\u0131\u015farak kazan\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n

Ayd\u0131nlar birbirlerini s\u00f6z ile ikna edebilir. O bile zordur ama ihtimal dahilindedir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u00f6z d\u00fczleminde \u00e7at\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Peki, halk nas\u0131l ikna edilecek? Halk\u0131 ne ikna eder? S\u00f6z m\u00fc?<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda bu konularda Machiavelli\u2019den \u00e7ok g\u00fczel \u00f6nermeler aktarabiliriz ama bizim mahallede onunla etkili olam\u0131yoruz. O halde g\u00fcce, pardon Marx\u2019 a ba\u015fvural\u0131m:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130nsanlar\u0131n hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen \u015fey onlar\u0131n bilin\u00e7leri de\u011fildir; tersine, bilin\u00e7lerini belirleyen \u015fey onlar\u0131n toplumsal hayatlar\u0131d\u0131r\u201d demi\u015f Marx, Katk\u0131<\/em>\u2019ya yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcnde.<\/p>\n

Demek ki insanlar\u0131n bilin\u00e7lerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmek istiyorsak onlar\u0131n toplumsal hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeliyiz; en az\u0131ndan toplumsal hayatlar\u0131na girmeliyiz.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 sosyalist \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin sloganlar\u0131na bak\u0131yorum: \u201cUmutsuz Olma\u201d, \u201cDevrimci Ol\u201d, \u201cBoyun E\u011fme\u201d, \u201cTeslim Olma\u201d, \u201cAya\u011fa Kalk\u201d, \u201c\u00d6rg\u00fctlen\u201d\u2026 Bunlar Yuhanna \u0130ncili<\/em>\u2019nin ilk c\u00fcmlesinin versiyonlar\u0131 gibi. Veya Musa\u2019ya vahyedilen \u201cOn Emir\u201d gibi.<\/p>\n

Bu t\u00fcr sloganlarla (s\u00f6zlerle, emirlerle) halk ikna edilemez. Kimse \u201c\u00f6rg\u00fctlen\u201d diyerek \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmez. Kimse \u201cdevrimci ol\u201d diyerek devrimci olmaz. \u00a0Kimse \u201cboyun e\u011fme\u201d, \u201cteslim olma\u201d, \u201caya\u011fa kalk\u201d diyerek m\u00fccadeleye ikna edilemez. Kimseye \u201cumutsuz olma\u201d diyerek umut verilemez. Bunlarla birbirimizi ikna edebiliriz, belki, ancak\u2026<\/p>\n

Ahlak\u0131 siyasetin \u00f6n\u00fcne ko\u015fan sloganlar bunlar. \u201cOlmas\u0131 gereken\u201di \u201colgu\u201dnun \u00f6n\u00fcne ko\u015fan sloganlar. Oysa Machiavelli\u2019den beri biliniyor ki, ahlak ba\u015fka bir aland\u0131r, siyaset ba\u015fka bir alan (Machiavelli ile ikna olmak istemeyenler Lenin\u2019i okuyabilirler).<\/p>\n

\u201cD\u0131\u015fardan bilin\u00e7\u201d meselesi de yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu konuyu ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m i\u00e7in (Uygarl\u0131ktan Kurtulmak<\/em>, Bilim ve Gelecek Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Eyl\u00fcl 2020, s.235-244) burada tekrar etmeyece\u011fim. D\u0131\u015fardan bilinci vurgulayan arkada\u015flar, bunca s\u00f6ze kar\u015f\u0131n neden bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc halk\u0131 bilin\u00e7lendiremediklerini, neden se\u00e7imlerde kitlesel bir oy alamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, hele Haziran 2013\u2019te aya\u011fa kalkm\u0131\u015f, sokaklara d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f halka bile neden politik bilin\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131yamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6znel kayg\u0131lardan s\u0131yr\u0131l\u0131p nesnel bi\u00e7imde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnseler sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in ad\u0131m atabileceklerdir asl\u0131nda.<\/p>\n

Pratikte kan\u0131tlanmayan s\u00f6z, ikna edemez. Yani ancak pratik ikna edebilir. Pratik derken, sadece \u00f6nc\u00fcn\u00fcn prati\u011fini de\u011fil, daha \u00e7ok kitlelerin prati\u011fini kastediyoruz. Kitleleri \u00f6rg\u00fctlemek hedefleniyorsa, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenecekleri kitlesel m\u00fccadele kanallar\u0131 yarat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kitleler bizzat kendi pratikleri i\u00e7inde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenebilirler ancak. Ve bu pratik i\u00e7inde g\u00fc\u00e7lerini kavrad\u0131klar\u0131nda teslim olmamay\u0131 ve boyun e\u011fmemeyi becerebilirler.<\/p>\n

Halk\u0131 -bizzat kendi prati\u011fi i\u00e7inde- \u00f6rg\u00fctlemeye, bunun kanallar\u0131n\u0131 yaratmaya \u00f6ncelik vermeli sosyalistler. S\u00f6zlerinin, yani partilerinin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesini istiyorlarsa\u2026<\/p>\n

\u00d6nce madde, olgu ve pratik gelir. S\u00f6z, bunun arac\u0131d\u0131r ancak.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Yuhanna \u0130ncili<\/em> ile ba\u015flad\u0131k, onunla bitirelim. Asl\u0131nda Yuhanna \u0130ncili<\/em> de materyalist. S\u00f6z\u00fc Tanr\u0131 ile birle\u015ftiriyor. S\u00f6z\u00fc Tanr\u0131 ile (mutlak g\u00fc\u00e7 ile) kabul ettirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor: \u201c\u00d6nce s\u00f6z vard\u0131. S\u00f6z Tanr\u0131\u2019yd\u0131\u201d. S\u00f6z\u00fcn ard\u0131na Tanr\u0131\u2019y\u0131 koydun mu, herkesi ikna edersin tabii. Hele bir koyma\/koyama bakal\u0131m\u2026<\/p>\n

Egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar hepimizden daha \u00e7ok materyalisttir. \u0130dealizm, onlar\u0131n egemenlik arac\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6zde (s\u00f6z\u00fcm ona) idealisttir onlar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ender Helvac\u0131o\u011flu Yuhanna \u0130ncili \u015f\u00f6yle ba\u015flar: \u201cBa\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta S\u00f6z vard\u0131. S\u00f6z Tanr\u0131\u2019yla birlikteydi ve S\u00f6z Tanr\u0131\u2019yd\u0131.\u201d Saf idealizmi \u00e7ok g\u00fczel ifade eden bir \u00f6nerme bu: \u201c\u00d6nce s\u00f6z vard\u0131.\u201d En kabas\u0131ndan en incesine (diyalektik ve tarihsel olan\u0131na) materyalistlere g\u00f6re ise \u00f6nce madde ve hareket (olgu) gelir. S\u00f6z, onun zemininde y\u00fckselir. Pratikte hi\u00e7 de idealist de\u011fil bal gibi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":493,"featured_media":60047,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,2313],"tags":[9313,9309,9312,9306,237,9304,3702,1657,333,9302,9303,947,9314,9305,9307,9310,9311,9308],"class_list":["post-60046","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","category-degirmen","tag-ayaga-kalk","tag-boyun-egme","tag-devrimci-ol","tag-eylem","tag-felsefe","tag-idealist","tag-idealizm","tag-machiavelli","tag-marx","tag-mater","tag-materyalist","tag-materyalizm","tag-orgutlen","tag-soz","tag-soz-mu-eylem-mi","tag-teslim-olma","tag-umutsuz-olma","tag-yuhanna-incili"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60046","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/493"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60046"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60046\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/60047"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60046"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60046"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60046"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}