{"id":60541,"date":"2023-11-02T00:00:03","date_gmt":"2023-11-01T21:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=60541"},"modified":"2023-11-01T22:55:37","modified_gmt":"2023-11-01T19:55:37","slug":"akkuyu-nukleer-guc-santrali-ongorulen-standartlara-gore-denetleniyor-ve-lisans-aliyor-mu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2023\/11\/02\/akkuyu-nukleer-guc-santrali-ongorulen-standartlara-gore-denetleniyor-ve-lisans-aliyor-mu","title":{"rendered":"Akkuyu n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 santrali, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen standartlara g\u00f6re denetleniyor ve lisans al\u0131yor mu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Y\u00fcksel Atakan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bilindi\u011fi gibi Mersin\/Akkuyu\u2019da finansman\u0131n\u0131 % 100 Rusya\/Rosatom\u2019un \u00fcstlendi\u011fi, her biri 1200 MW g\u00fc\u00e7te 4 adet n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 reakt\u00f6r\u00fc yap\u0131m\u0131 2010 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri s\u00fcrmekte olup, ilk reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn 2024 Ekim ay\u0131nda bitirilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131yor.1<\/sup> Bu reakt\u00f6rleri, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kurulan % 100 Rosatom sermayeli www.akkuyu.com\/tr \u015firketi yapmaktad\u0131r. Reakt\u00f6rlerin ilgili yasa, y\u00f6netmelik, ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 (IAEA) standartlara g\u00f6re denetimini ve bunlar uygunsa izin verilmesini (lisanslanmas\u0131n\u0131) ise N\u00fckleer D\u00fczenleme Kurumu (NDK) y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir. Bkz: www.ndk.gov.tr. \u00a04 reakt\u00f6rden olu\u015fan bu grup i\u00e7in Akkuyu N\u00fckleer G\u00fc\u00e7 Santrali (NGS) denmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bir reakt\u00f6r kurulurken hangi kontroller yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong>2<\/sup> \u0130leride N\u00fckleer G\u00fc\u00e7 Santrali\u2019nde (NGS) ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak radyasyon ve radyoaktivite miktar\u0131n\u0131 en az d\u00fczeyde tutabilmek ve ayr\u0131ca y\u00fcksek kalitede (kaza ve ar\u0131za riski son derece az) bir n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r kurabilmek i\u00e7in, radyasyon g\u00fcvenli\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00f6nemli olana her par\u00e7a i\u00e7in (\u00f6rne\u011fin reakt\u00f6r kab\u0131, ana so\u011futma suyu pompa ve armat\u00fcrlerinden d\u00fcbellere kadar irili ufakl\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli par\u00e7a ya da \u201ccomponents\u201d i\u00e7in) \u00f6nce o par\u00e7an\u0131n teknik \u00f6zelliklerini ilgili t\u00fcm hesap ve \u015fekillerle i\u00e7eren bir dosya haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. Buna o par\u00e7an\u0131n \u201crefakat dosyas\u0131\u201d deniyor. Reakt\u00f6r\u00fc kuran \u015firketin, ilgili par\u00e7ay\u0131 \u00fcreten \u015firkete haz\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu dosya, bilirki\u015filerden ve yetkili kurumlardan \u00f6nce masa ba\u015f\u0131nda, uygun ise \u201cuygundur\u201d onay\u0131 al\u0131yor ve onaylanan dosya, par\u00e7an\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in ilgili \u015firkete yollan\u0131yor (Baz\u0131 par\u00e7alar i\u00e7in refakat dosyalar\u0131, par\u00e7alardan \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck ya da a\u011f\u0131r olmas\u0131 normaldir).<\/p>\n

Par\u00e7a yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bilirki\u015filerce \u00f6nce fabrikada kontrol\u00fc yap\u0131l\u0131yor ve uygun ise fabrika teslim onay\u0131 veriliyor. Daha sonra n\u00fckleer santralde par\u00e7a yerine kondu\u011funda, i\u015flevi neyse ona g\u00f6re yerle\u015ftirilip \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak test yap\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin radyoaktif maddeli hava ya da su konacak bir tank (depo) i\u00e7in bas\u0131n\u00e7 testi yap\u0131l\u0131yor ve test ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131ysa bilirki\u015filerce onay veriliyor. Sonra da par\u00e7an\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu sistem i\u00e7inde, genel sistem testinde de ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7 al\u0131nd\u0131ysa, o par\u00e7an\u0131n o sistem i\u00e7inde sorunsuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131 nihai onay\u0131 veriliyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Reakt\u00f6r yak\u0131t elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine kondu\u011fu \u00e7elik Reakt\u00f6r Bas\u0131n\u00e7 Kab\u0131 \/Reactor Pressure Vessel (burada par\u00e7a \u00f6rne\u011fi). Reakt\u00f6r bas\u0131n\u00e7 kab\u0131 ve i\u00e7 organlar\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli standartlara g\u00f6re g\u00fcvenli ve kaliteli oldu\u011fu testlerini s\u0131rayla, ba\u015far\u0131yla ge\u00e7meli. Solda: Yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya Reakt\u00f6r kontrol \u00e7ubuklar\u0131 ayar mekanizmas\u0131, \u00fcst kapak, ana flan\u015f, ana pompa giri\u015fi, Reakt\u00f6r kab\u0131, yak\u0131t elemanlar\u0131, reakt\u00f6r kalbi. Sa\u011fda: \u00c7ift yal\u0131tma ve O-Ring.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Hangi testler yap\u0131l\u0131yor? <\/strong>Bunlar reakt\u00f6rdeki her \u00f6nemli par\u00e7aya g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin reakt\u00f6r bas\u0131n\u00e7 kab\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan testler: 1) G\u00f6zle par\u00e7an\u0131n her yerini iyice kontrol, 2) Ultrasonik kontrol, 3) Radyografik kontrol, 4) Magnetik ak\u0131m kontrol\u00fc, 5) Boya ile kontrol (Bunlar\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz.3<\/sup>).<\/p>\n

N\u00fckleer D\u00fczenleme Kurumu\u2019nun (NDK) Akkuyu NGS\u2019\u0131nda \u00fcstlendi\u011fi g\u00f6revler neler? <\/strong>NDK\u2019n\u0131n kendi internet sayfalar\u0131ndan aynen al\u0131nan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki listede, NDK\u2019n\u0131n Akkuyu NGS ile ilgili \u00fcstlendi\u011fi g\u00f6revler \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

AKKUYU N\u00dcKLEER SANTRAL\u0130N\u0130N L\u0130SANSLANMASINDA ESAS ALINACAK MEVZUAT, KILAVUZ VE STANDARTLAR L\u0130STES\u0130 (S\u00dcR\u00dcM 2) (List of Licensing Basis for Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant) (Revision 2)<\/p>\n

Contents<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Requirements<\/li>\n
  2. Turkish National Regulations<\/li>\n
  3. TAEK Regulations<\/li>\n
  4. Other Turkish Regulations<\/li>\n
  5. IAEA Fundamentals and Requirements<\/li>\n
  6. Russian Federation Regulations<\/li>\n
  7. Third Party Regulations<\/li>\n
  8. Standards<\/li>\n
  9. Turkish National Standards<\/li>\n
  10. APC Proposed Standards<\/li>\n
  11. Third Party Standards<\/li>\n
  12. Guides<\/li>\n
  13. Turkish National Guides<\/li>\n
  14. IAEA Guides<\/li>\n
  15. Russian Federation Guides<\/li>\n
  16. Third Party Guides<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Buradan NDK\u2019nun, yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kontrolleri\/testleri, Akkuyu\u2019da kullan\u0131lacak her \u00f6nemli par\u00e7a i\u00e7in bilirki\u015filerle birlikte yapmakta oldu\u011fu ve uygunsa onay verdi\u011fi varsay\u0131labilir. Ancak bunlar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ilgili NDK sayfalar\u0131nda da akkuyu.com\/tr sayfalar\u0131nda da, hi\u00e7bir bilgi ve belge kopyalar\u0131 bulunam\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

    Bir n\u00fckleer santral kurulurken o santraldeki her \u00f6nemli par\u00e7an\u0131n kalitesinin kontrol\u00fc i\u00e7in uygulanmas\u0131 gereken Uluslararas\u0131 Atom Enerjisi Ajans\u0131 (IAEA) standartlar\u0131 neler? Bununla ilgili ba\u015fta Specific Safety Guide SSG 38 olmak \u00fczere daha bir dizi IAEA standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re par\u00e7alar\u0131n uygunlu\u011fu bilirki\u015filerden onay almal\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin reakt\u00f6r bas\u0131n\u00e7 kab\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Sonu\u00e7
    \n<\/strong>Akkuyu NGS reakt\u00f6rlerinde kullan\u0131lacak t\u00fcm \u00f6nemli par\u00e7alar\u0131n uygunlu\u011funun lisanslar\u0131n\u0131n, NDK taraf\u0131ndan verilip verilmedi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Lisanslar verildiyse bunlar NDK internet sayfalar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda halk bilgi edinecek, reakt\u00f6rlerin ve i\u00e7lerindeki par\u00e7alar\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 standartlarda kalitelerinin bulundu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f ve ilerideki kaza ve ar\u0131za olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 iyice azalm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r. NDK sayfalar\u0131nda lisanslamaya esas al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131lan, yukar\u0131da kopyalad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z standartlar listesine g\u00f6re testler yap\u0131lmadan ve lisanslar verilmeden t\u00fcm \u00f6nemli par\u00e7alar reakt\u00f6rlere konuluyorsa, ileride olabilecek ar\u0131za ve kazalar nedeniyle hem reakt\u00f6rler s\u0131k s\u0131k durdurularak elektrik s\u00fcrekli \u00fcretilemeyecek, hem de \u00e7evredeki halk, yay\u0131labilecek (az\/\u00e7ok?) radyoaktiviteden olumsuz etkilenebilecektir. Bu nedenle NDK yetkililerinin durumu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 g\u00fcvenilir en \u00fcst kalitede bir santral yap\u0131lmakta oldu\u011funun da kan\u0131t\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    D\u0130PNOTLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

    1) Enerji Bakan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 (Medyadan).<\/p>\n

    2) Yazar Almanya ve ABD\u2019de 25 y\u0131l n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r yap\u0131m\u0131nda ve n\u00fckleer yak\u0131t maddesi \u00fcretiminde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olup, kendisinin dergimizde de \u00e7e\u015fitli yaz\u0131lar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bkz: https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?s=y%C3%BCksel+atakan+nukleer+reakt%C3%B6rler<\/p>\n

    3) https:\/\/www.flyability.com\/pressure-vessel<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Y\u00fcksel Atakan Bilindi\u011fi gibi Mersin\/Akkuyu\u2019da finansman\u0131n\u0131 % 100 Rusya\/Rosatom\u2019un \u00fcstlendi\u011fi, her biri 1200 MW g\u00fc\u00e7te 4 adet n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 reakt\u00f6r\u00fc yap\u0131m\u0131 2010 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri s\u00fcrmekte olup, ilk reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn 2024 Ekim ay\u0131nda bitirilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131yor.1 Bu reakt\u00f6rleri, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kurulan % 100 Rosatom sermayeli www.akkuyu.com\/tr \u015firketi yapmaktad\u0131r. Reakt\u00f6rlerin ilgili yasa, y\u00f6netmelik, ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 (IAEA) standartlara g\u00f6re denetimini […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":560,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9383,38,535,510],"tags":[8432,8297],"class_list":["post-60541","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-235-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-forum","category-surekli-bolumler","tag-akkuyu-nukleer-santrali","tag-yuksel-atakan"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t