{"id":60587,"date":"2023-11-10T10:07:23","date_gmt":"2023-11-10T07:07:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=60587"},"modified":"2023-11-10T10:07:23","modified_gmt":"2023-11-10T07:07:23","slug":"uygarligin-iki-cizgisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2023\/11\/10\/uygarligin-iki-cizgisi","title":{"rendered":"Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n iki \u00e7izgisi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Ender Helvac\u0131o\u011flu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rusya-Ukrayna ve Filistin-\u0130srail sava\u015flar\u0131, \u201cAvrupa-merkezcilik\u201d ve \u201cOryantalizm\u201d tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden g\u00fcndeme getirdi. Hatta \u201cuygar-barbar\u201d ikili\u011fini bile\u2026 \u00a0Elbette sava\u015flar\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde s\u00fcr\u00fcyle politik ve jeopolitik tart\u0131\u015fma varken b\u00f6yle ideolojik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir mesele geri planda kalacakt\u0131r, ama ya\u015fanan s\u00fcrecin temelinde son birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131ld\u0131r oldu\u011fu gibi bu tart\u0131\u015fma yatmaktad\u0131r, tabii kapitalist-emperyalist sistem \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ve yeni boyutlar\u0131yla\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Avrupa kapitalizmi neredeyse 500 y\u0131ld\u0131r d\u00fcnyaya \u201cBat\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d denilen bir uygarl\u0131k tarz\u0131n\u0131 dayat\u0131yor, ama -\u00e7ok yol almas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n- \u201cgeri toplumlara\u201d bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc tam olarak kabul ettiremiyor. Oysa 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da yanan uygarl\u0131k ate\u015fi (modernite), b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kaplayabilse ne iyi olurdu, nas\u0131l da her \u015fey \u00e7ok g\u00fczel olurdu, de\u011fil mi? Ama \u201cgeriler\u201d direniyor.<\/p>\n<p>Peki, neden direniyorlar? \u201cGeri\u201d ve \u201cbarbar\u201d olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in mi? E\u015fitlik, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, karde\u015flik, demokrasi, laiklik, insan haklar\u0131, kad\u0131n haklar\u0131, e\u015fit yurtta\u015fl\u0131k, hukuk, adalet gibi kavramlar\u0131 benimseyemedikleri, bunu benimseyebilecek potansiyellerden yoksun olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in mi? Avrupa-merkezciler ve oryantalistler b\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor ve temsil ettikleri \u201cilerili\u011fi\u201d bu \u201cgerilere\u201d zorla da olsa kabul ettirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar uygarl\u0131k misyonerleridir, tarihin k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p>Tarih boyunca emek\u00e7i kitleler ve ezilen topluluklar her zaman kendilerine yukardan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya dayat\u0131lan uygarl\u0131k zorlamalar\u0131na direnmi\u015flerdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu uygarl\u0131k onlara s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc, bask\u0131, zul\u00fcm getirmi\u015ftir. Egemenlerin iddias\u0131 ise uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik, huzur, do\u011faya h\u00e2kimiyet, bilim, teknoloji getirdi\u011fidir. Bir yan\u0131yla do\u011frudur da. Ama bu g\u00fcvenlik, huzur ve bilim, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc pahas\u0131nad\u0131r; esas olarak s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ve egemenlerin huzurunun g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. Olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn kurumlar (devlet, ordu, din vb.) bu g\u00fcvenli\u011fin ara\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cGeri\u201d denilen toplumlar ve t\u00fcm emek\u00e7iler binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r bu \u201cuygarl\u0131\u011fa\u201d kar\u015f\u0131 isyan etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu noktada uygarl\u0131k denilen s\u00fcrecin daha ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren \u00e7atalland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Egemenlerin uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ezilenlerin -her zaman tam bilince \u00e7\u0131karamasalar da- arzulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygarl\u0131k farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ki farkl\u0131 uygarl\u0131k tarz\u0131\/\u00e7izgisi olu\u015fmu\u015f ve bug\u00fcne kadar gelmi\u015ftir. Bir yanda yukardan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya dayat\u0131lan bir uygarl\u0131k vard\u0131r, di\u011fer yanda bu dayatmaya kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele i\u00e7inde geli\u015fen bir uygarl\u0131k. Egemenler, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan yukar\u0131ya geli\u015fen bu ikinci tarz uygarl\u0131k ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 her zaman \u201cbarbar tepkisi\u201d, \u201cilerleme kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d, \u201chuzur bozuculuk\u201d vb. olarak karalam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Oysa bug\u00fcn uygarl\u0131k ad\u0131na ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen b\u00fct\u00fcn kavram ve kurumlar (e\u015fitlik, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, karde\u015flik, demokrasi, laiklik, insan haklar\u0131, kad\u0131n haklar\u0131, e\u015fit yurtta\u015fl\u0131k, hukuk, adalet, sosyalizm vb.) egemenlere kar\u015f\u0131 yukarda vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z isyanlar\u0131n ve sosyal devrimlerin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n<p>Uygarl\u0131k \u00e7atallanmas\u0131n\u0131 (ilerlemecilik &#8211; kurtulu\u015f\u00e7uluk) bilince \u00e7\u0131karmak ve g\u00fcncel politik geli\u015fmelere uygulamak -\u00f6zellikle ezilen insanl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan- son derece \u00f6nemlidir. Yoksa egemenlerin manip\u00fclasyonuna direnilemez; bin bir ac\u0131yla ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f uygarl\u0131k kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n egemen uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcnleri oldu\u011fu yan\u0131lsamas\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015fte bug\u00fcn t\u00fcm emperyalistleri arkas\u0131na alm\u0131\u015f \u0130srail devleti Gazze\u2019yi ve Filistin\u2019i uygarla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor; bebek, \u00e7ocuk, kad\u0131n demeden \u00f6ld\u00fcrerek, bir soyk\u0131r\u0131m uygulayarak. T\u0131pk\u0131 Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n Amerikan k\u0131tas\u0131 yerlilerini ve Afrikal\u0131 toplumlar\u0131 uygarla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi; t\u0131pk\u0131 \u00f6nce \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilerinin sonra ABD\u2019li emperyalistlerin Asyal\u0131 toplumlar\u0131 uygarla\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi. Onlar\u0131n uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015fairin dedi\u011fi gibi \u201ctek di\u015fi kalm\u0131\u015f canavar\u201dd\u0131r. Ba\u015fta Filistin halk\u0131 olmak \u00fczere d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn halklar\u0131 ise, \u0130srail halk\u0131 dahil, bu \u201cuygarla\u015ft\u0131rmaya\u201d kar\u015f\u0131 direniyor. B\u00f6yle kritik ve s\u0131cak konularda iki uygarl\u0131k \u00e7izgisi aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m da belirginle\u015fiyor.<\/p>\n<p>Tarih boyunca barbar halklar, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f uygarl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015farak ve onlar\u0131 y\u0131karak uygarla\u015ft\u0131lar; Hikmet K\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131ml\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201ctarihsel devrimler\u201d dedi\u011fi olgudur bu. Modern d\u00f6nemde ise, uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n motoru, emek\u00e7ilerin ve ezilenlerin m\u00fccadelesi, sosyal devrimler ve anti-emperyalist direni\u015fler olmu\u015ftur. Halklar\u0131n uygarl\u0131k \u00e7izgisi budur. Halklar egemenlerin uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na direnerek uygarla\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p>Bunu en iyi bilen halklardan biriyiz. 100 y\u0131ll\u0131k cumhuriyet tarihimiz, iki uygarl\u0131k \u00e7izgisi aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadelenin tarihidir. Emperyalizme direnerek mi uygarla\u015ft\u0131k, emperyalizme teslim olarak m\u0131? Ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z noktayla geldi\u011fimiz noktay\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda yan\u0131t\u0131 da buluruz.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ender Helvac\u0131o\u011flu Rusya-Ukrayna ve Filistin-\u0130srail sava\u015flar\u0131, \u201cAvrupa-merkezcilik\u201d ve \u201cOryantalizm\u201d tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden g\u00fcndeme getirdi. Hatta \u201cuygar-barbar\u201d ikili\u011fini bile\u2026 \u00a0Elbette sava\u015flar\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde s\u00fcr\u00fcyle politik ve jeopolitik tart\u0131\u015fma varken b\u00f6yle ideolojik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir mesele geri planda kalacakt\u0131r, ama ya\u015fanan s\u00fcrecin temelinde son birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131ld\u0131r oldu\u011fu gibi bu tart\u0131\u015fma yatmaktad\u0131r, tabii kapitalist-emperyalist sistem \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ve yeni boyutlar\u0131yla\u2026 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":493,"featured_media":60588,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,2313,235,8999,218,222],"tags":[580,637,7584,196,970,9397,433,9417,9418],"class_list":["post-60587","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","category-degirmen","category-guncel","category-siyasetbilim","category-sosyoloji","category-tarih","tag-emperyalizm","tag-filistin","tag-gazze","tag-hikmet-kivilcimli","tag-israil","tag-israil-filistin-savasi","tag-kapitalizm","tag-uygarlasma","tag-uygarlik-tarzi"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60587","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/493"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60587"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60587\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/60588"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60587"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60587"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60587"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}