{"id":60917,"date":"2023-12-23T00:00:45","date_gmt":"2023-12-22T21:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=60917"},"modified":"2023-12-22T21:21:05","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T18:21:05","slug":"auschwitz-tarihi-bir-facianin-anatomisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2023\/12\/23\/auschwitz-tarihi-bir-facianin-anatomisi","title":{"rendered":"Auschwitz tarihi: bir facian\u0131n anatomisi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0130dil Y\u0131ld\u0131z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Auschwitz, Nazi Almanya\u2019s\u0131 d\u00f6neminde kurulan en b\u00fcy\u00fck toplama, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve imha kamp\u0131d\u0131r. Auschwitz, t\u00fcm Avrupa\u2019dan, 1 milyonu Yahudi olmak \u00fczere toplamda 1,3 milyon insan\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yordu. Bu ki\u015filerden (net bir rakam olmamakla birlikte) yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,1 milyonunun \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tahmin edilmekte; ortalama olarak, kampa gelen 900.000 ki\u015fi gaz odalar\u0131nda veya vurularak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Yakla\u015f\u0131k 200.000 ki\u015fi ise hastal\u0131k, k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015fartlar ve deneyler gibi etkenlerden dolay\u0131 \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ya\u015fam s\u00fcreleri ortalama 6 aya d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, bu zorlu ortamda g\u00fcnde minimum 10 saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra tutsaklar, ceset toplama, yakma ve imha gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu kampta ortalama olarak 6 milyon ki\u015fi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>1979 y\u0131l\u0131nda UNESCO\u2019nun \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n K\u00fclt\u00fcr Miras\u0131 listesine eklenen bu kamp\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Auschwitz Devlet M\u00fczesi\u2019nde sergilenmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Eyl\u00fcl 1941\u2019de Rudolf H\u00f6ss\u2019\u00fcn ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 emirle 100.000 Sovyet sava\u015f esiri i\u00e7in kamp\u0131n yap\u0131m s\u00fcreci ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, k\u00f6y\u00fcn y\u00f6re halk\u0131n\u0131n evleri y\u0131k\u0131larak elde edilen in\u015faat malzemeleriyle yap\u0131lan kamp\u0131n tamam\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 verilmi\u015f dikenli tellerle \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. 1941\u2019in sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru denemeleri yap\u0131lan \u201cZyklon B\u201d ad\u0131 verilen zehirli gazla 1942 yaz\u0131nda gaz odas\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcmler ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fcm \u00f6nceli\u011fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015famayacak durumda olanlardad\u0131r; bunlar ay\u0131klanarak ilk olarak anneler ve \u00e7ocuklar \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kurbanlar\u0131 ay\u0131klama s\u00fcrecinde me\u015fhur kamp doktoru Mengele rol oynam\u0131\u015f, ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda kampa gelen Yahudiler de \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece kamp, bir imha kamp\u0131 i\u015flevi kazanm\u0131\u015f ve ayn\u0131 zamanda toplama ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamp\u0131 olarak da kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kamp s\u00fcresince sentetik benzin ve kau\u00e7uk \u00fcreten bir firma i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderilen kurbanlar i\u00e7in firma SS\u2019e kira \u00f6demesi yapm\u0131\u015f, bu da bir gelir kayna\u011f\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir. \u201cKanada\u201d ismindeki b\u00f6lgede, h\u00fck\u00fcmete g\u00f6nderilmek \u00fczere \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen tutuklular\u0131n e\u015fyalar\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00fcttefikler, May\u0131s 1944\u2019ten itibaren kamp\u0131n ve ceset y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini elde etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Kamptan ka\u00e7an tutuklular Rudolf Vrba ve Alfred Wetzler, kamp\u0131n tam tarifini haz\u0131rlayarak m\u00fcttefiklere ula\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda esir konumunda bulunan Witold Pilecki, kampa giderek m\u00fcttefiklere bir\u00e7ok istihbarat sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 13 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de ABD, kamp\u0131n yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Buna-Werke isimli fabrikaya sald\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenlemi\u015f ve bombalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 17-23 Ocak 1945 tarihlerinde 60.000 ki\u015fi kamptan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak bat\u0131ya do\u011fru g\u00f6\u00e7e zorlanm\u0131\u015f ve bu y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lamayan hasta ve g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz tutuklular kamp ve \u00e7evresinde b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Birlikler Ocak 1945\u2019te kampa girmi\u015f ve 4000\u2019ini kad\u0131n olmak \u00fczere 5800 tutuklu geride b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dezenfekte edilen barakalarda tutuklulara bak\u0131m yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra kamuoyu eylem konusunda bilgilendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130dil Y\u0131ld\u0131z Auschwitz, Nazi Almanya\u2019s\u0131 d\u00f6neminde kurulan en b\u00fcy\u00fck toplama, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve imha kamp\u0131d\u0131r. Auschwitz, t\u00fcm Avrupa\u2019dan, 1 milyonu Yahudi olmak \u00fczere toplamda 1,3 milyon insan\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yordu. Bu ki\u015filerden (net bir rakam olmamakla birlikte) yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,1 milyonunun \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tahmin edilmekte; ortalama olarak, kampa gelen 900.000 ki\u015fi gaz odalar\u0131nda veya vurularak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 200.000 ki\u015fi ise [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4055,"featured_media":60918,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[9485,727,9484,2499],"class_list":["post-60917","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-auschwitz-tarihi","tag-fasizm","tag-idil-yildiz","tag-naziler"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60917","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4055"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60917"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60917\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/60918"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60917"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60917"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60917"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}