{"id":61482,"date":"2024-02-26T14:18:11","date_gmt":"2024-02-26T11:18:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=61482"},"modified":"2024-02-26T14:18:11","modified_gmt":"2024-02-26T11:18:11","slug":"ornek-bir-calisma-hatayin-afetlere-dayanikli-bir-sehir-olarak-yeniden-planlanmasi-ile-ilgili-tespitler-ve-oneriler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2024\/02\/26\/ornek-bir-calisma-hatayin-afetlere-dayanikli-bir-sehir-olarak-yeniden-planlanmasi-ile-ilgili-tespitler-ve-oneriler","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6rnek bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma: Hatay\u2019\u0131n afetlere dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fehir olarak yeniden planlanmas\u0131 ile ilgili tespitler ve \u00f6neriler"},"content":{"rendered":"

Haluk Eyido\u011fan<\/strong><\/p>\n

6 \u015eubat 2023 Kahramanmara\u015f depremlerinin neden oldu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plar\u0131n ve ac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fczerinden bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. Bu deprem, 26 Aral\u0131k 1939 tarihinde olan 7.9 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki depremden 85 y\u0131l sonra\u00a0 en b\u00fcy\u00fck depremdi. 11 ilde hayatta kalabilen ancak evsiz ve a\u00e7\u0131kta kalan halk\u0131n \u00e7ad\u0131r ve baraka gibi ge\u00e7ici bar\u0131nma ortamlar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131ndan sonra, kal\u0131c\u0131 konutlara ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in deprem b\u00f6lgesindeki illerde yo\u011fun in\u015faat faaliyetleri s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Resmi raporlara g\u00f6re depremden etkilenen b\u00f6lgede 680 bin konut ve 170 bin i\u015fyeri olmak \u00fczere toplamda 850 b in ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z birim kullan\u0131lamaz ve y\u0131k\u0131k durumdad\u0131r. Kesin olarak bilinmemekle birlikte yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 milyon ki\u015fi evsiz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Deprem sonras\u0131 su\u0308rec\u0327te merkezi y\u00f6netime ba\u011fl\u0131 Bakanl\u0131klar ve AFAD yan\u0131 s\u0131ra\u00a0 di\u011fer resmi kurum ve kurulu\u015flar 11 ilde ge\u00e7ici ve kal\u0131c\u0131 bar\u0131nma ve g\u0131da, sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri, enkaz kald\u0131rma, teknik analizler, hasar tespitleri, toplumsal yap\u0131n\u0131n onar\u0131lmas\u0131, e\u011fitimin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi vb. konularda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedirler.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Hatay \u0130li \u00f6zelinde deprem sonras\u0131 iyile\u015ftirme ve toparlanma faaliyetleri i\u00e7erisinde sivil toplum kurulus\u0327lar\u0131 da sorumluluk alm\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r ve o\u0308nemli faaliyetler yu\u0308ru\u0308tmektedirler. Hatay \u00f6zelindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda Hatay Barosu, Tu\u0308rk Tabipler Birli\u011fi (TTB) ve T\u00fcrkiye M\u00fchendis ve Mimar Odalar\u0131 Birli\u011fi (TMMOB), Ortak Ak\u0131l Antakya Platformu, Yeniden Antakya Platformu, Hatay Ortak Meselemiz Konseyi, Hatay Deprem Dayan\u0131s\u0327mas\u0131, Samandag\u0306 Dayan\u0131s\u0327mas\u0131 ve Antakya Kentsel Sit Giris\u0327imi depremden etkilenmis\u0327 olanlara her tu\u0308rlu\u0308 yard\u0131m\u0131n sag\u0306lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in u\u0308yelerini seferber etmis\u0327lerdir.<\/p>\n

Hatay Planlama Merkezi (HPM) kuruldu
\n<\/strong>Yas\u0327anan afetin ard\u0131ndan bu\u0308yu\u0308k y\u0131k\u0131ma ug\u0306rayan 11 ilin iyile\u015fmesi ve yeniden ayag\u0306a kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir yol haritas\u0131na, c\u0327ok boyutlu du\u0308s\u0327u\u0308nu\u0308lmu\u0308s\u0327 stratejik ve meka\u0302nsal bir yaklas\u0327\u0131ma ve deprem b\u00f6lgesindeki halklar\u0131n bu su\u0308rec\u0327te so\u0308z sahibi olmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131yacak arac\u0327lar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi ihtiyac\u0131 do\u011fmu\u015ftur. \u00c7ok boyutlu ve \u00e7ok akt\u00f6rl\u00fc bir sorunla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle gelecekte deprem dahil, do\u011fa ve insan kaynakl\u0131 tehlikelerin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, kay\u0131plar\u0131 azaltan mek\u00e2nsal planlaman\u0131n belirlenmesi, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, yap\u0131 sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve afet risklerini azaltma hedefli bir yeni y\u00f6netim ve y\u00f6neti\u015fim d\u00fczeni kurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu ama\u00e7la, I\u0307stanbul Bu\u0308yu\u0308ks\u0327ehir Belediyesi (\u0130BB) ve Hatay Bu\u0308yu\u0308ks\u0327ehir Belediyesi (HBB) aras\u0131nda 28.08.2023 tarihinde imzalanan i\u015fbirli\u011fi protokol\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda Hatay pilot b\u00f6lge se\u00e7ilmi\u015f ve afet sonras\u0131 iyile\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin planlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Hatay Planlama Merkezi (HPA) kurulmu\u015ftur. HPA, HBB, \u0130BB \u0130mar ve \u015eehircilik Dairesi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, B\u0130MTA\u015e ve \u0130stanbul Planlama Ajans\u0131 (\u0130PA) i\u015fbirli\u011fi ile \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, Hatay\u2019da deprem o\u0308ncesi ve sonras\u0131 durumun tespiti amac\u0131yla o\u0308ncelikle kapsaml\u0131 bir kaynak tarama ve veri toplama c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327mas\u0131 gerc\u0327ekles\u0327tiiriilmis\u0327tir. Resmi kurumlardan edinilen go\u0308ru\u0308s\u0327ler, sekto\u0308r temsilcileri ve Hatayl\u0131lar le yap\u0131lan anket c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327malar\u0131, literatu\u0308r ve ars\u0327iv aras\u0327t\u0131rmas\u0131, saha c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327malar\u0131, uzmanlarla gerc\u0327ekles\u0327tirilen odak grup toplant\u0131lar\u0131 ve go\u0308ru\u0308s\u0327meler neticesinde elde edilen tu\u0308m veriler deg\u0306erlendirmeye al\u0131narak analiz edilmis\u0327tir.<\/p>\n

Hatay ilinde afet sonras\u0131 iyiles\u0327me ve yeniden yap\u0131lanma su\u0308rec\u0327leri gu\u0308ndemdeki gelis\u0327melerle takip edilmis\u0327, sahip oldug\u0306u deg\u0306erler le sahada yas\u0327anan sorunlar tespit edilmis\u0327 ve bu dog\u0306rultuda; Planlama u\u0308st bas\u0327l\u0131g\u0306\u0131 alt\u0131nda, Kamu Yo\u0308netimi ve Hukuk, Mu\u0308hendislik, Mimarl\u0131k ve Tasar\u0131m, Ku\u0308ltu\u0308rel Miras ve Koruma, Ulas\u0327\u0131m ve Lojistik, Yerbilim, Toplumsal Yap\u0131 ve Ekonomi olmak u\u0308zere 9 konuda aras\u0327t\u0131rmalar gerc\u0327ekles\u0327tirilmis\u0327tir. C\u0327al\u0131s\u0327malardan elde edilen bulgular ve paydas\u0327larla yap\u0131lan go\u0308ru\u0308s\u0327meler c\u0327erc\u0327evesinde, 9 bas\u0327l\u0131g\u0306a ilis\u0327kin o\u0308ncelikli sorun ve ihtiyac\u0327lar tespit edilmis\u0327 ve bu dog\u0306rultuda 41 sorun ortaya konmus\u0327tur.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede yap\u0131lacak eylemler k\u0131sa, orta ve uzun vadeler s\u0327eklinde s\u0131ralanarak Hatay\u2019\u0131n yerles\u0327me su\u0308reci ic\u0327in bir zaman c\u0327izelgesi olus\u0327turulmus\u0327, k\u0131sa vadede o\u0308ncelikli olarak at\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken ad\u0131mlar belirlenmi\u015ftir. Tu\u0308m su\u0308rec\u0327 ve yap\u0131lan c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327malar anketler, saha go\u0308ru\u0308s\u0327meleri ve uzman toplant\u0131lar\u0131 gibi kat\u0131l\u0131m arac\u0327lar\u0131 ile desteklenmi\u015f, Hatay Ac\u0327\u0131k Veri Kaynag\u0306\u0131 ile yap\u0131lan veri toplama ve izleme i\u015fleri tu\u0308m kamuoyu ile paylas\u0327\u0131lm\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r. Deprem b\u00f6lgesindeki di\u011fer illere \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6rnek olacak nitelikte olan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n kapsam\u0131, uygulamalar ve geli\u015fmeler 10 adet ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 raporla topluma a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak olarak sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Ocak 2024 tarihinde \u201cAfet Sonras\u0131 \u0130yiles\u0327me Rehberi\u201dni yay\u0131nlam\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r. Bu rehber, k\u0131sa ve orta uzun vadede Hatay\u2019\u0131n iyles\u0327mesi ic\u0327in gerekli mek\u00e2nsal, ekonomik, ekolojik, toplumsal iyiles\u0327me ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 tarif eden ve afetlere haz\u0131r yo\u0308netim ic\u0327in gerekli eylemleri belirlemi\u015ftir ve \u00f6nermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Hatay\u2019da hasar ve yerle\u015fim durumu
\n<\/strong>Hatay Valilig\u0306i taraf\u0131ndan 2 Ocak 2024\u2019te Hatay \u015fehri bu\u0308tu\u0308nu\u0308nde y\u0131k\u0131lan ya da ag\u0306\u0131r hasar alan yaklas\u0327\u0131k 83 bin bina oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatay il genelinde y\u0131k\u0131k+acil y\u0131k\u0131lacak+ag\u0306\u0131r hasarl\u0131 bag\u0306\u0131ms\u0131z birim say\u0131s\u0131 (konut+i\u015fyeri): 258.974, orta hasarl\u0131 birim say\u0131s\u0131: 49.464, i\u0307l geneli enkaz kald\u0131rma oran\u0131: %95 (orta hasarl\u0131lar haric\u0327), enkaz do\u0308ku\u0308m noktas\u0131: 40\u2019d\u0131r (saha tespiti planlanan). Hatay\u2019da in\u015fa edilmesi gereken kal\u0131c\u0131 konut birim say\u0131s\u0131: 254.195 (konut: 220.066 adet \/ 23 bo\u0308lge; ko\u0308y evi: 34.129 adet \/ 16 bo\u0308lge), i\u0307hale edildig\u0306i tespit edilen bag\u0306\u0131ms\u0131z birim say\u0131s\u0131: 39.446 adet ve sahada tespit edilen kal\u0131c\u0131 konut birim say\u0131s\u0131: 34.083 adet (konut: 32.627 adet; ko\u0308y evi: 1.456 adet).<\/p>\n

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Resmi a\u00e7\u0131klamalara g\u00f6re bir y\u0131l daha Hatay Havaliman\u0131\u2019na inis\u0327ler yap\u0131lamayacakt\u0131r. Bu durum h\u0131zl\u0131 lojistik destek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir eksiklik olacakt\u0131r. Hatay\u2019da 3.000 ku\u0308c\u0327u\u0308k sanayi is\u0327letmesinden 2.000\u2019e yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n orta hasarl\u0131 ya da y\u0131k\u0131k oldug\u0306u ac\u0327\u0131klanm\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r. ATSO verilerine go\u0308re depremden en c\u0327ok ulas\u0327\u0131m, lojistik ve toptan ve perakende sekt\u00f6r\u00fc etkilenmi\u015ftir. Depremden bir y\u0131l sonra 6 S\u0327ubat 2024 tarihinde gu\u0308ncel kaynak taramalar\u0131ndan elde edilen bilgiye go\u0308re, 55.677 ticaret biriminin hasar almas\u0131yla en c\u0327ok ticaret alan\u0131 hasar go\u0308ren ilin Hatay oldug\u0306u anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

HPA ve \u0130PA taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan \u015eekil 1\u2019deki haritada, Hatay\u2019\u0131n 5 il\u00e7esinde derecelerine g\u00f6re hasar da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmektedir. K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve siyah renkli alanlar hasar yo\u011funlu\u011funun fazla oldu\u011fu mek\u00e2nlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 2 a ve 2b\u2019de Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (MTA) yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Diri (Aktif) Fay Haritas\u0131\u2019nda (a) Hatay il s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisindeki diri faylar\u0131n konumlar\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkli \u00e7izgiler ile, (b) M: 7.8 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki Kahramanmara\u015f depremi s\u0131ras\u0131nda yerkabu\u011funu k\u0131rarak olu\u015fan ve Hatay ili i\u00e7erisinden ge\u00e7en fay ise mavi renkli \u00e7izgi ile g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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HPA hasar tespitleri ile ilgili bilgileri toplarken, hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f binalar\u0131n yap\u0131m y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 ve deprem s\u0131ras\u0131nda hareket eden faya uzakl\u0131k verilerini de derlemi\u015ftir. \u00c7izelge 1\u2019de verilen listeye g\u00f6re 2000 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6ncesi yap\u0131lan binalar\u0131n hasar oranlar\u0131 faydan uzakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a belirgin bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6stermemektedir. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle, hasarlar\u0131n faydan 10 km uzakta olan bir binan\u0131n fay\u0131n do\u011frudan etkisinden (zeminde kal\u0131c\u0131 deformasyon) \u00e7ok deprem s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fan yatay sismik ivmeye dayan\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili hasar olu\u015ftu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. 2000 sonras\u0131 \u00fcretilen yap\u0131lar\u0131n hasar oranlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131 yap\u0131 denetimin yararl\u0131 etkisi oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Ancak faya uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hasara etkisi 2000 sonras\u0131 yap\u0131lar i\u00e7in de belirleyici de\u011fil. Nitekim yap\u0131m y\u0131l\u0131 belirlenemeyen yap\u0131lar i\u00e7in de faya uzakl\u0131k etkisi belirgin bir farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermiyor. Bu g\u00f6zlem 2000 \u00f6ncesi yap\u0131lardaki hasarlar\u0131n, yap\u0131 \u00fcretiminde faya farkl\u0131 uzakl\u0131klarda da olsa yap\u0131larda benzer in\u015faat hatalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. 2000 sonras\u0131 hasar oranlar\u0131n\u0131n daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131, her ne kadar halen sorunlar\u0131 olsa da yap\u0131 denetimin olumlu etkisi olarak yorumlanabilir.<\/p>\n

Raporlarda yer alan tespitlere g\u00f6re Hatay\u2019da S\u0327ubat 2024 itibariyle; mevcut baraka (konteyner) kent say\u0131s\u0131 199\u2019dur. I\u0307ns\u0327aat halindeki 6’s\u0131 tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 64.317 baraka yap\u0131lm\u0131s\u0327 olacakt\u0131r. Yaklas\u0327\u0131k 57 bin hanenin oturuma bas\u0327lad\u0131g\u0306\u0131 ve yaklas\u0327\u0131k 170 bin kis\u0327inin baraka kentlerde yas\u0327ad\u0131g\u0306\u0131 belirtilmektedir. Bu alanlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bireysel baraka say\u0131s\u0131 14.664 adettir. Bireysel barakalarda yas\u0327ayan nu\u0308fus 45.459 kis\u0327idir.<\/p>\n

3 S\u0327ubat 2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ac\u0327\u0131klamada ise Hatay\u2019da TOKI\u0307 ve Yap\u0131 \u0130s\u0327leri\u2019yle yap\u0131lan 7 bin 275 konut ve ko\u0308y evleri hak sahiplerine teslim edildig\u0306i belirtilmis\u0327tir. Bir y\u0131l sonunda teslim edilebilen konut say\u0131s\u0131 planlanan 254.195 konutun sadece %2.8’dir ve ayn\u0131 h\u0131zla s\u00fcrerse tu\u0308mu\u0308nu\u0308n teslimi 35 y\u0131l su\u0308recektir.<\/p>\n

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TU\u0308I\u0307K 2023 y\u0131l\u0131 nu\u0308fuslar\u0131 ac\u0327\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 6 \u015eubat 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda yas\u0327anan deprem nedeniyle bir o\u0308nceki y\u0131la go\u0308re Hatay il nu\u0308fusunun 141.403 azalarak 1.686.043’ten 1.544.640’a du\u0308s\u0327tu\u0308g\u0306u\u0308 go\u0308ru\u0308lmu\u0308s\u0327tu\u0308r.<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131lan tespitlere g\u00f6re Antakya\u2019da 17, Defne\u2019de 4 adet olmak \u00fczere toplam yakla\u015f\u0131k 1000 ha\u2019l\u0131k alan kal\u0131c\u0131 konut alan\u0131 olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. Y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n ve hasar\u0131n en yo\u011fun ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu il\u00e7elerde, konutunu kaybeden n\u00fcfus dikkate al\u0131narak hesaplanan kal\u0131c\u0131 konut ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 140 bin adet* oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Depremden sonra okullar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131, a\u011f\u0131r hasar almas\u0131, y\u0131k\u0131lmayanlar\u0131n da idari tesis veya ba\u015fka i\u015flevler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 kentten g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli sebeplerinden biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Enkaz d\u00f6k\u00fcm sahalar\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 incelendig\u0306inde tar\u0131m alan\u0131, zeytinlikler ve k\u0131y\u0131lar ile yerles\u0327im alanlar\u0131na yak\u0131n yerlere enkaz do\u0308ku\u0308mu\u0308 yap\u0131ld\u0131g\u0306\u0131 saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. HPM taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan saha go\u0308zlem c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327malar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda, kentin her bo\u0308lgesinde y\u0131k\u0131lan yap\u0131lardan arta kalan molozlar ve binalar\u0131n yer seviyesindeki temellerin bulundug\u0306u go\u0308ru\u0308lmu\u0308s\u0327tu\u0308r. Merkez ilc\u0327elerdeki baz\u0131 bo\u0308lgelerde binalar\u0131n temelleri kald\u0131r\u0131lmaya bas\u0327lanm\u0131s\u0327 olsa da kalan molozlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p kald\u0131r\u0131lmayacag\u0306\u0131 belirsizdir.<\/p>\n

Yog\u0306un yag\u0306murlarda sit alan\u0131nda su tas\u0327k\u0131nlar\u0131 olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ana ulas\u0327\u0131m akslar\u0131nda yer yer derin c\u0327ukurlar bulunmakta, bu yollar\u0131n halen hasarl\u0131 durumda oldug\u0306u go\u0308zlenmektedir. Depremde hasar alan Tas\u0327 Ko\u0308pru\u0308 onar\u0131lmam\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r ve yaya trafig\u0306ine ac\u0327\u0131k oldug\u0306u halde o\u0308nlem al\u0131nmamas\u0131 tehlike yaratmaktad\u0131r. Ticari faaliyetlerin su\u0308rmekte oldug\u0306u bo\u0308lgelerde y\u0131k\u0131m ve ayr\u0131s\u0327t\u0131rma c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327malar\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 da hem gu\u0308venlik hem sag\u0306l\u0131k ac\u0327\u0131s\u0131ndan tehlike olus\u0327turmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Gelece\u011fe dair Hatay\u2019\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fik afet risk de\u011ferlendirmesi
\n<\/strong>Depremsellik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan son derece etkin bir b\u00f6lgede yer alan Hatay\u2019da tarihsel ve aletsel d\u00f6nemde \u00e7ok say\u0131da hasar yapan depremler olmu\u015ftur. 6 \u015eubat 2023\u2019te 7.8 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki deprem ve sonras\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u00e7\u0131 depremlerde resmi a\u00e7\u0131klamalara g\u00f6re yaln\u0131z Hatay\u2019da 20.000\u2019e yak\u0131n ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f, en az 24 bin ki\u015fi de yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hatay B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi taraf\u0131ndan il\u00e7eler \u00f6zelinde 1\/5.000 ve 1\/2.000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli imar plan\u0131na esas mikro-b\u00f6lgeleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda, jeolojik g\u00f6zlemler yan\u0131 s\u0131ra 2.831 noktada yap\u0131lan jeofizik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerle yeralt\u0131n\u0131n sismik P ve S dalga h\u0131z yap\u0131s\u0131 bulunmu\u015f ve zemin Vs30 zemin s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 duyarl\u0131 belirlenmi\u015f ve haritalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (\u015eekil 3).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Jeolojik, jeofizik, sismolojik ve jeomorfolojik y\u00f6ntemlerle yap\u0131lan zemin mikro-b\u00f6lgelemesi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonucunda, Hatay I\u0307li Asi Nehri Havzas\u0131\u2019nda 554 yerles\u0327im yerinin 353\u2019u\u0308 (%64\u2019\u00fc) zemin yap\u0131s\u0131 ve davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan riskli bulunmus\u0327tur. Bu 353 riskli yerles\u0327imin 9\u2019unun tarihi tas\u0327k\u0131ndan, 104\u2019u\u0308n\u00fcn 3\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc dereceden (Horton-Strahler \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi) nehir kolu dallanmas\u0131ndan, 44\u2019u\u0308n\u00fcn sadece gu\u0308ncel alu\u0308vyon alan\u0131 ic\u0327eren yerles\u0327im \u00f6zelli\u011finden, 2\u2019sinin gu\u0308ncel alu\u0308vyonlu tar\u0131m sahas\u0131 ic\u0327ermesinden ve 194 noktan\u0131n ise bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerin birden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131ndan o\u0308tu\u0308ru\u0308 risk olu\u015fturdu\u011fu saptanm\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r. Bu yerles\u0327im yerlerinden sadece 64 adedi Hatay d\u0131s\u0327\u0131nda olup 289 tanesi Hatay il s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ic\u0327erisinde yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu bilimsel bulgular, Hatay \u0130li\u2019nin jeolojik, jeofizik ve sismolojik ve jeoteknik de\u011ferler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zeminden kaynaklanan tehlikeler i\u00e7in, imar ve sak\u0131n\u0131m planlar\u0131na \u00e7ok daha fazla titizlik g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir (\u015eekil 4).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

G\u00f6zlemler, deprem nedeniyle Antakya merkezde Odabas\u0327\u0131 ve Ekinci gibi mahallelerde beklenmeyen sonuc\u0327lar ve hasarlar olu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, olu\u015fan ana deprem ve iki b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u00e7\u0131 depremin depremin ac\u0327\u0131g\u0306a c\u0327\u0131kard\u0131g\u0306\u0131 sismik enerji ve zeminde olu\u015fturdu\u011fu deformasyonlar, kaya du\u0308s\u0327meleri ve yamac\u0327 duyars\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 go\u0308z o\u0308nu\u0308nde bulunduruldug\u0306unda; 2018\u2019den bug\u00fcne ge\u00e7en zaman\u0131n da etkisiyle yeralt\u0131 su d\u00fczeyleri de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f olabilir. \u00a0Bu nedenle yeni yerle\u015fme kararlar\u0131 \u00f6ncesi test sondajlar\u0131 ve jeofizik (elektrik \u00f6zdiren\u00e7) \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleriyle yeralt\u0131 su d\u00fczeyleri denetlenmeli ve izlenmelidir. Suya doygun, gevs\u0327ek zeminlerden olus\u0327an tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131nda yap\u0131las\u0327ma kararlar\u0131 verilmemelidir. Ayr\u0131ca, 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda onaylanan mikro-bo\u0308lgeleme c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327malar\u0131na ek c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327malar yap\u0131lmas\u0131, c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327ma alan\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n genis\u0327letilmesi ile zemin \u00f6zelliklerinin yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmesi yararl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yerle\u015fime uygunluk haritas\u0131nda (\u015eekil 4) belirtilen \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirme (skor) artt\u0131kc\u0327a yerles\u0327ime uygunluk ac\u0327\u0131s\u0131ndan risk artmakta, du\u0308s\u0327tu\u0308kc\u0327e risk azalmaktad\u0131r. Haritada k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve turuncu olarak go\u0308ru\u0308nen yerler yerles\u0327ime uygunluk ac\u0327\u0131s\u0131ndan yu\u0308ksek tehlike ve risk ic\u0327ermekteyken mavi renklere dog\u0306ru gittikc\u0327e bu risk azalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi ve Hatay Bu\u0308yu\u0308ks\u0327ehir Belediyesi ortak protokol\u00fcyle ba\u015flat\u0131lan ve \u0130stanbul Planlama Ajans\u0131<\/a> (\u0130PA) i\u015fbirli\u011fiyle olu\u015fan Hatay Planlama Merkezi (HPA), Hatay \u0130li \u00f6zelinde deprem ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere gelecekteki do\u011fa kaynakl\u0131 tehlikelerin olu\u015fturabilece\u011fi riskleri azaltmaya ve yerle\u015fimleri daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131 duruma getirme ama\u00e7l\u0131 \u00f6rnek kurumsalla\u015fmad\u0131r. 10 adet raporla<\/a> Hatay \u0130linin son b\u00fcy\u00fck depremde maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kay\u0131plar\u0131n ve hasarlar\u0131n istatistiksel analizleri yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ilin jeolojik, jeofizik, sismolojik ve jeomorfolojik \u00f6zellikleri de\u011ferlendirilerek yap\u0131 hasarlar\u0131 ile fay konumlar\u0131 ve zemin \u00f6zellikleri aras\u0131ndaki etkile\u015fim incelenmi\u015f, yeni yerle\u015fimlerin daha daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yerle\u015fime uygunluk alanlar\u0131 belirlenmi\u015f ve \u00f6nerilerde bulunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Ocak 2024\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan Hatay \u0130li Afet Sonras\u0131 \u0130yile\u015fme Rehberi\u2019nde \u00f6ncelikli eylemler \u015fu ba\u015fl\u0131klar alt\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; mek\u00e2nsal iyile\u015fme, ekonomik iyile\u015fme, toplumsal iyile\u015fme, ekolojik onar\u0131m ve afetlere haz\u0131r y\u00f6netim.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00f6rnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada izlenen yakla\u015f\u0131m ve y\u00f6ntemlerin, 6 \u015eubat 2023 Kahramanmara\u015f depremlerinin a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plar ve hasarlar olu\u015fturdu\u011fu di\u011fer 10 ili kapsayan b\u00f6lgede olas\u0131 afet risklerinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda uygulanmas\u0131yla illerin afetlere duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n saptanmas\u0131, sak\u0131n\u0131m planlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve in\u015fa edece\u011fimiz dayan\u0131kl\u0131 \u015fehirlerin gelece\u011fe miras b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

KAYNAKLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1kxZT104RZ7wRSzKRwo7MN8oe17TmuXqS\/view<\/p>\n

2)https:\/\/hatayplanlamamerkezi.com\/tr-TR\/pages\/yayinlarimiz<\/p>\n

3) https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1i5AIj68fjrncoRJ4KRVa2HTUbTY-lP1T\/view<\/p>\n

4) https:\/\/ipa.istanbul<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Haluk Eyido\u011fan 6 \u015eubat 2023 Kahramanmara\u015f depremlerinin neden oldu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plar\u0131n ve ac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fczerinden bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. Bu deprem, 26 Aral\u0131k 1939 tarihinde olan 7.9 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki depremden 85 y\u0131l sonra\u00a0 en b\u00fcy\u00fck depremdi. 11 ilde hayatta kalabilen ancak evsiz ve a\u00e7\u0131kta kalan halk\u0131n \u00e7ad\u0131r ve baraka gibi ge\u00e7ici bar\u0131nma ortamlar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131ndan sonra, kal\u0131c\u0131 konutlara ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":233,"featured_media":61488,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[9581,9576,5477,5479],"class_list":["post-61482","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-deprem-gercegi","tag-deprem-hatay","tag-depreme-hazirlik","tag-haluk-eyidogan"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61482","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/233"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61482"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61482\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/61488"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61482"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61482"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61482"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}