{"id":619,"date":"2014-11-01T12:46:59","date_gmt":"2014-11-01T10:46:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=619"},"modified":"2018-04-20T17:03:31","modified_gmt":"2018-04-20T14:03:31","slug":"matematiksel-ispat-karadelikler-yok-diyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2014\/11\/01\/matematiksel-ispat-karadelikler-yok-diyor","title":{"rendered":"Matematiksel ispat, karadelikler yok diyor!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Karadelikler bug\u00fcne kadar say\u0131s\u0131z ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n konusu olmu\u015ftur. Bu konuyla ilgili \u00e7ok fazla belirsizli\u011fin oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen Kuzey Karolina \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Fizik Profes\u00f6r\u00fc Laura Mersini-Houghton, karadeliklerin varolamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor. Mersini-Houghton\u2019\u0131n makalesi ArXiv<\/em>\u2019de yay\u0131mland\u0131, fakat hen\u00fcz meslekta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirmesinden ge\u00e7medi. Physics Letters B <\/em>dergisi, profes\u00f6r\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir makalesini bu y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Astrofizik\u00e7iler on y\u0131ld\u0131r karadelikler \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor. Yayg\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, karadelikler G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in k\u00fctlesinden yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 kat daha fazla k\u00fctleye sahip y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcmleriyle birlikte, kendi i\u00e7lerine \u00e7\u00f6kmeleriyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00f6ken y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n k\u00fctlesi \u201ctekillik\u201d denen \u00f6yle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir alana s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131yor ki, inan\u0131lmaz d\u00fczeyde y\u00fcksek yo\u011funluk de\u011ferlerine eri\u015fiyor. Bu tekillik, \u201colay ufku\u201d denilen k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel kuvvetlerin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n dahi ka\u00e7amayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczeyde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu bir b\u00f6lgeyle \u00e7evrilidir. Bu b\u00f6lge esasen d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmayan yerdir.<\/p>\n

Karadelikler olay ufkundaki kuantum etkile\u015fmelerinden dolay\u0131 radyasyon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 yaparlar. \u0130lk kez 1974\u2019de Stephen Hawking taraf\u0131ndan teorile\u015ftirilen bu fenomen, Hawking \u0131\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 (radyasyonu) ismini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu radyasyon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131, zamanla k\u00fctle at\u0131m\u0131na neden olur ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 \u201cbuharla\u015fma\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mersini-Houghton\u2019un senaryosuna g\u00f6re, y\u0131ld\u0131z \u00e7\u00f6kerken \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda radyasyon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 yapar ve radyasyon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli miktarda k\u00fctle at\u0131m\u0131 da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bu durumda y\u0131ld\u0131z, karadelik olu\u015fturacak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde b\u00fcy\u00fck yo\u011funluk de\u011ferlerine asla ula\u015famaz ve karadelik olu\u015famadan \u00e7\u00f6ken y\u0131ld\u0131z son bir kez kabararak patlar. Ne tekillik ne de olay ufku meydana gelemez. Mersini-Houghton\u2019a g\u00f6re bu durumda bir karadeli\u011fin olu\u015fmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n yoktur.<\/p>\n

Mersini-Houghton bu teziyle, Einstein\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6relilik kuram\u0131n\u0131 kuantum mekani\u011fi ile titizce ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131nda. Geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekte bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, g\u00f6relilik kuram\u0131 ve kuantum mekani\u011fi birbirleriyle iyi ge\u00e7inmelerine kar\u015f\u0131n, fizik\u00e7iler bu teorileri birle\u015ftirmekte uzun zamand\u0131r ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oluyorlard\u0131. G\u00f6relili\u011fe g\u00f6re, karadeliklerin olu\u015fumu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Fakat kuantum mekani\u011fine g\u00f6re, belirsizlik ilkesi bir \u015feyin kesin olarak nerede bulunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bilinemeyece\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Konum bilgisine olas\u0131l\u0131ksal olarak olduk\u00e7a yakla\u015f\u0131labilir, fakat kesin olarak bilinmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu z\u0131tl\u0131k, konu karadelikler oldu\u011funda, kuantum ve Einstein\u2019\u0131n klasik alan teorisinin uyu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok meseleden yaln\u0131zca biridir. Mersini-Houghton a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda, \u201cFizik\u00e7iler on y\u0131llard\u0131r bu iki teoriyi kesi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yordu, fakat benim senaryom onlar\u0131 bir uyum i\u00e7erisinde birle\u015ftiriyor\u201d diyor ve bunun \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu ekliyor.<\/p>\n

Fakat herkes Mersini-Houghton ile ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc payla\u015fm\u0131yor. British Columbia \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden teorik fizik\u00e7i William Unruh yay\u0131mlanan makaledeki kritik hatalara dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Unruh, \u201cKaradeliklerin var olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlama giri\u015fimleri uzun bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahip ve bu yaln\u0131zca en g\u00fcncel olan\u0131. Onlar Hawking \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f anlayarak, maddenin inan\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsay\u0131yorlar\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n

Unruh\u2019a g\u00f6re, karadelikler kendilerini Mersini-Houghton\u2019\u0131n iddia etti\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclterek buharla\u015ft\u0131racak miktarda Hawking \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 yapm\u0131yorlar. Unruh, \u201cBunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in evrenin ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 1053<\/sup> kat\u0131 kadar zaman gerekli\u201d diye a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor ve devam ediyor: \u201cHawking \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tam olarak anlamam\u0131\u015f insanlar\u0131n klasik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u015fudur: D\u0131\u015far\u0131 giden enerji, yo\u011funlu\u011funu giderek artt\u0131rarak olay ufkuna daha ve daha fazla yakla\u015f\u0131r. Ne yaz\u0131k ki olay ufku yak\u0131nlar\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131k hesaplar g\u00f6steriyor ki, enerji yo\u011funlu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck olaca\u011f\u0131na \u00e7ok ama \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu hesaplar 1970\u2019lerde zaten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u201d Unruh, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u201cmatematiksel olarak kan\u0131tland\u0131\u201d olarak sunulmas\u0131n\u0131 ise, \u201ck\u00f6t\u00fc bir spek\u00fclasyon ve abart\u0131\u201d olarak yorumluyor.<\/p>\n

Ek okuma:<\/p>\n

– http:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2014-09-black-holes.html<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Karadelikler bug\u00fcne kadar say\u0131s\u0131z ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n konusu olmu\u015ftur. Bu konuyla ilgili \u00e7ok fazla belirsizli\u011fin oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen Kuzey Karolina \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Fizik Profes\u00f6r\u00fc Laura Mersini-Houghton, karadeliklerin varolamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor. Mersini-Houghton\u2019\u0131n makalesi ArXiv\u2019de yay\u0131mland\u0131, fakat hen\u00fcz meslekta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirmesinden ge\u00e7medi. Physics Letters B dergisi, profes\u00f6r\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir makalesini bu y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Astrofizik\u00e7iler on y\u0131ld\u0131r karadelikler […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":677,"featured_media":13308,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[166,30,19,25],"tags":[247,248,766,208],"class_list":["post-619","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-129-sayi","category-astronomi","category-bilim-gundemi","category-matematik","tag-astrofizik","tag-astronomi","tag-kara-delik","tag-matematik"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t