{"id":62147,"date":"2024-05-24T09:31:05","date_gmt":"2024-05-24T06:31:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=62147"},"modified":"2024-05-24T09:31:05","modified_gmt":"2024-05-24T06:31:05","slug":"devlet-ne-kadar-guclu-ya-toplum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2024\/05\/24\/devlet-ne-kadar-guclu-ya-toplum","title":{"rendered":"Devlet ne kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc? Ya toplum?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ender Helvac\u0131o\u011flu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Devletler san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc m\u00fcd\u00fcr? G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmad\u0131klar\u0131 herkesin malumu olan ufak tefek devletlerden s\u00f6z etmiyorum. \u00d6rne\u011fin, muazzam mekanizmalara komuta eden ve sonsuz g\u00fc\u00e7 sahibi olduklar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen Amerikan, Rus, Alman, \u0130ngiliz, \u0130srail, \u0130ran, T\u00fcrk vb. devletleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim. San\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve y\u0131k\u0131lmaz m\u0131d\u0131rlar?<\/p>\n

Bir a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcrler. Son teknoloji \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc -n\u00fckleer silahlar dahil- silahlar\u0131 vard\u0131r, ordular\u0131 vard\u0131r, milyonlar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlemi\u015f kolluk kuvvetleri vard\u0131r, mali olanaklar\u0131 vard\u0131r vs. Hangi \u00f6rg\u00fct (e\u011fer ba\u015fka bir g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devletin aparat\u0131 de\u011filse) bu mekanizmay\u0131 alt edebilir?<\/p>\n

Ama bu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 do\u011fru de\u011fil, en az\u0131ndan eksik. Tarihe bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda da bunu anlar\u0131z. Nice y\u0131k\u0131lmaz denilen devletlerin \u00e7at\u0131r \u00e7at\u0131r devrildiklerini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Sava\u015f sonucu ba\u015fka devletler taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131lanlar\u0131 dikkate almayal\u0131m; onlar\u0131n bahaneleri var. \u00d6rne\u011fin Bat\u0131 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Bizans, Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti, Fransa Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, Rus \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, \u00c7in \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2026 bunlar\u0131n hepsi esas olarak d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r, i\u00e7ten \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015flerdir. Tarihin g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devletlerden biri olan Sovyet Devleti de iskambil k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131ndan in\u015fa edilmi\u015f gibi y\u0131k\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n

Bunun basit bir nedeni var: Her devlet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc halktan al\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 yoktur. Halk\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kendi \u00e7evresinde \u00f6rg\u00fctleyebilmi\u015fse devlet vard\u0131r; halk\u0131 yitirdiyse o devletin sonu yak\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Biz sosyalistler, tarihimiz boyu devletten zul\u00fcm g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz i\u00e7in -enseyi karartmamak, daha do\u011frusu kuyru\u011fu dik tutmak i\u00e7in pek ifade etmesek de- devletin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc abart\u0131r\u0131z. Devletin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in Machiavelli okumak gerekir. H\u00fck\u00fcmdara (asl\u0131nda halka) verdi\u011fi \u00f6\u011f\u00fctlerle bilinen bu b\u00fcy\u00fck R\u00f6nesans d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fc, \u00fcnl\u00fc eseri H\u00fck\u00fcmdar<\/em>\u2019\u0131n tamam\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fil, asl\u0131nda halk\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc vurgular. H\u00fck\u00fcmdara verdi\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6\u011f\u00fctler, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn uyar\u0131lar, \u201caman ha!\u201d tad\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Devletin (asl\u0131nda t\u00fcm uygarl\u0131k projesinin) handikab\u0131 \u015furada: Devletin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kayna\u011f\u0131 (yani halk) kendi \u00f6z-g\u00fcc\u00fc de\u011fildir. Devletin do\u011fas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan bir \u00f6z-g\u00fcc\u00fc yoktur; g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc korumak i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli ve s\u00fcrekli halk\u0131 ikna etmek zorundad\u0131r. Ne kadar gerilimli ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir ili\u015fki de\u011fil mi? Din, tanr\u0131, felsefe, siyaset, bilim, teknoloji, hatta demokrasi\u2026 hepsi bu s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya \u00e7are bulman\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcnleridir.<\/p>\n

Devletin g\u00fcc\u00fc kendisine ait olmayan el konulmu\u015f bir g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr ve pamuk ipli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Daha en ba\u015f\u0131nda (uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015fafa\u011f\u0131nda) dahi b\u00f6yleydi. Topluluklar bir g\u00fcn uyan\u0131p hadi bir devletimiz olsun dememi\u015flerdir; devlet onlara dayat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (en fazla kabul g\u00f6ren devlet kuram\u0131na g\u00f6re d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan). Devletler g\u00fc\u00e7lerini s\u00fcrekli korumak ve yeniden tesis etmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u0131sacas\u0131, ne kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc san\u0131l\u0131rsa san\u0131ls\u0131n bir devletin g\u00fcc\u00fc, halk\u0131 ikna potansiyeli ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Devletler halk\u0131 kazanarak ve harekete ge\u00e7irerek kurulurlar; halk\u0131 kaybettikleri zaman ise y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131rlar. Yani varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131 ellerindeki mekanizmalara de\u011fil halka ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Peki, halk bu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn fark\u0131nda m\u0131? Emek\u00e7iler, sermaye denen \u015feyin, kendi yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 de\u011ferin, kapitalistin elinde (el konularak) toplanm\u0131\u015f hali oldu\u011funun fark\u0131nda olduklar\u0131 kadar fark\u0131ndad\u0131rlar. Yani halk\u0131n meselesi fark\u0131ndal\u0131k, kendi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn fark\u0131na varmak.<\/p>\n

Halk\u0131n kendi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn fark\u0131nda olmas\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi, harekete ge\u00e7mesi, sadece toplumsal geli\u015fme i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli de\u011fildir; devleti de ancak bu g\u00fc\u00e7 kurtarabilir. Toplumlar devrim yaparak veya gen\u00e7lik a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 yaparak devletlerini de tazelerler. Frans\u0131z Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, Rus \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, \u00c7in \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu devrimlerle y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve toplumlar bu y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131dan yeni devletlerini \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Devrim gecikirse, kendine bir yol bulamazsa, devlet \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi toplum da \u00e7\u00f6ker, da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r ve tarihten silinir. En \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00f6rne\u011fi Bat\u0131 Roma\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcd\u00fcr; Bizans\u2019\u0131n (Do\u011fu Roma\u2019n\u0131n) sonu da benzer bi\u00e7imde gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Mevcut T\u00fcrkiye devleti g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc m\u00fcd\u00fcr? Farkl\u0131 iki a\u00e7\u0131dan bakarak yan\u0131t arayal\u0131m. Birincisi direkt devletin a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan. Pe\u015fi s\u0131ra \u00e7\u0131kan skandallardan da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi i\u00e7inde birbiriyle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan g\u00fc\u00e7 odaklar\u0131n\u0131n, mafya gruplar\u0131n\u0131n, tarikatlar\u0131n cirit att\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir devlet (sadece iktidar de\u011fil, devlet) s\u00f6z konusu. Maliyesi tamtak\u0131r. Toplumun b\u00fct\u00fcn zenginliklerine ve birikimine el koyup yerli-yabanc\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck sermayeye aktaran halk d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 bir mekanizmaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f. Halk\u0131n hi\u00e7bir yak\u0131c\u0131 sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zemeyen, b\u00fcy\u00fck afetlerde bile bir birliktelik yaratamayan, halktan kopmu\u015f, az\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f bir iktidar taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan bir devlet. K\u0131sacas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye devleti \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmektedir ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn e\u015fi\u011findedir.<\/p>\n

Peki, T\u00fcrkiye toplumu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc m\u00fcd\u00fcr? \u00c7ok ciddi bi\u00e7imde g\u00fc\u00e7 kaybetti\u011fini teslim etmeliyiz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcme sadece devlette kalmaz; kar\u015f\u0131 bir m\u00fcdahale yap\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece topluma da yay\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnek verelim: Tarikatlar ve cemaatlerin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehlike sadece devlet i\u00e7inde yuvalanmalar\u0131 de\u011fildir; toplumu da toplum olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karan, insanlar\u0131 yurtta\u015f olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p kullar toplulu\u011fu haline \u00e7eviren bir rolleri vard\u0131r. Gen\u00e7lerimiz ya \u00fclkeden umudu kesip yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na kapa\u011f\u0131 atmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta ya da -hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirebilmek i\u00e7in- su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin ve tarikatlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. K\u00fcrt sorununa \u015fiddet ve bask\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulunamamas\u0131 (son \u00f6rne\u011fi Kobani davas\u0131 kararlar\u0131) toplumsal b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeyi derinle\u015ftirmekte, \u201cT\u00fcrkiyeli\u201d bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 iyice zay\u0131flatmaktad\u0131r. \u00dcst\u00fcne \u00fcstl\u00fck T\u00fcrkiye toplumuna, ge\u00e7mi\u015fi, talepleri, duygular\u0131 tamamen farkl\u0131 olan 10-12 milyonluk bir kitle k\u0131sa bir zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131 olarak kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha pek \u00e7ok toplumsal zaaf unsuru say\u0131labilir. K\u0131sacas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye toplumu da \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmekte, bir\u00e7ok bi\u00e7imde kutupla\u015fmakta, da\u011f\u0131lmakta ve toplum olma niteli\u011fini yitirmektedir.<\/p>\n

As\u0131l tehlike de budur. \u0130ktidar \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcrse de\u011fi\u015ftirirsin. Devlet \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcrse y\u0131kar ve tazelersin. Ya b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 yapacak g\u00fc\u00e7 olan toplum \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmeye ve da\u011f\u0131lmaya ba\u015flarsa?<\/p>\n

Mevcut iktidardan ve devletten bir umut kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyorum (\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcme -ivmesi son 20 y\u0131lda iyice artsa da- sadece 20 y\u0131ll\u0131k de\u011fil, en az 60 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcme). Her \u015feye ra\u011fmen tek umudumuz toplumumuzdur, halk\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc toplumlar\u0131n kendilerini koruma, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmeye tepki verme mekanizmalar\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemleri devletlere oranla \u00e7ok daha k\u00f6kl\u00fc ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn fark\u0131na varal\u0131m. Bu fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011fa \u00f6nderlik etme iddias\u0131nda olanlar da tehlikenin boyutunun ve ba\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n nerede oldu\u011funun fark\u0131na varmal\u0131lar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ender Helvac\u0131o\u011flu Devletler san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc m\u00fcd\u00fcr? G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmad\u0131klar\u0131 herkesin malumu olan ufak tefek devletlerden s\u00f6z etmiyorum. \u00d6rne\u011fin, muazzam mekanizmalara komuta eden ve sonsuz g\u00fc\u00e7 sahibi olduklar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen Amerikan, Rus, Alman, \u0130ngiliz, \u0130srail, \u0130ran, T\u00fcrk vb. devletleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim. San\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve y\u0131k\u0131lmaz m\u0131d\u0131rlar? Bir a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcrler. Son teknoloji \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc -n\u00fckleer silahlar dahil- […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":493,"featured_media":62148,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,2313],"tags":[9531,839,9706,9704,5247,9705,536],"class_list":["post-62147","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","category-degirmen","tag-degirmen","tag-devlet","tag-devlet-guclu-mudur","tag-devlet-siyaset","tag-ender-helvacioglu","tag-guc","tag-siyaset"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62147","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/493"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62147"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62147\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/62148"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62147"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}