{"id":63041,"date":"2024-08-30T00:00:02","date_gmt":"2024-08-29T21:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=63041"},"modified":"2024-08-29T23:18:02","modified_gmt":"2024-08-29T20:18:02","slug":"korler-ulkesi-ve-turkiye-gerceklikten-kopusun-alegorisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2024\/08\/30\/korler-ulkesi-ve-turkiye-gerceklikten-kopusun-alegorisi","title":{"rendered":"K\u00f6rler \u00dclkesi ve T\u00fcrkiye: Ger\u00e7eklikten kopu\u015fun alegorisi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Leman Atalay<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130ngiliz yazar Herbert George Wells (1866-1946), kitaplar\u0131nda ad\u0131n\u0131 \u201cH. G. Wells\u201d olarak kullanmay\u0131 tercih eder. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u0130ngiltere\u2019sinde yeti\u015fmi\u015f, s\u0131n\u0131f \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve toplumsal e\u015fitsizlikleri derinlemesine g\u00f6zlemlemi\u015f bir yazard\u0131r. Bilimkurgu t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc olarak tan\u0131nsa da, eserleri yaln\u0131zca hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir; ayn\u0131 zamanda toplumsal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ele\u015ftiri niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131r. Sosyalist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle yo\u011frulmu\u015f bir yazar olarak Wells, modern toplumun birey \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l daraltt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ustal\u0131kla i\u015fler.<\/p>\n

Wells\u2019in kaleminden \u00e7\u0131kan K\u00f6rler \u00dclkesi<\/em>, yaln\u0131zca bir hik\u00e2ye de\u011fil, insan do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n ve toplumun zihinsel s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 derin bir alegoridir. Hik\u00e2ye, And Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n zirvelerinde, d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyayla tamamen ba\u011f\u0131 kopmu\u015f bir vadide ge\u00e7er. Bir zamanlar \u0130spanyol zulm\u00fcnden ka\u00e7an insanlar\u0131n s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu yer, zamanla d\u00fcnyayla t\u00fcm ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f, unutulmu\u015f bir diyar haline gelmi\u015ftir. Vadinin halk\u0131, do\u011fu\u015ftan k\u00f6rd\u00fcr ve bu k\u00f6rl\u00fck, nesiller boyunca s\u00fcregelmektedir. Onlar\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda, g\u00f6rme yetisi diye bir \u015fey yoktur; g\u00f6zler, yaln\u0131zca y\u00fczlerinde bir deformasyondan ibarettir. Bu vadi, tamamen k\u00f6rlerin alg\u0131s\u0131yla \u015fekillenmi\u015f, kendi kurallar\u0131, normlar\u0131 ve de\u011ferleri olan kapal\u0131 bir toplumdur.<\/p>\n

Hik\u00e2yenin ana karakteri Nunez, And Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019nda \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ke\u015fif s\u0131ras\u0131nda u\u00e7urumdan d\u00fc\u015ferek bu vadide mahsur kal\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131ndan izole olmu\u015f bu vadide, g\u00f6ren bir insan olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir avantaja sahip oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. Ancak k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede vadinin normlar\u0131n\u0131n, d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyadaki ger\u00e7eklikten tamamen farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu fark eder. Vadinin insanlar\u0131, g\u00f6rme yetisini bir hastal\u0131k, bir sapk\u0131nl\u0131k olarak kabul ederler. Nunez\u2019in g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fcnyay\u0131 anlatma \u00e7abalar\u0131, vadinin sakinleri taraf\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lmaz ve sa\u00e7ma olarak de\u011ferlendirilir. Onlar i\u00e7in, Nunez\u2019in g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc iddia etti\u011fi \u015feyler birer hayalden, bir t\u00fcr ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Vadinin sakinleri, Nunez\u2019in \u201chastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan\u201d kurtulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6zlerini k\u00f6r etmeyi \u00f6nerirler. Bu \u00f6neriyi ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta reddeden Nunez, zamanla bu toplumun normlar\u0131na uyum sa\u011flaman\u0131n zorunlulu\u011funu hissetmeye ba\u015flar. A\u015fk\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kad\u0131n i\u00e7in g\u00f6zlerinden vazge\u00e7meyi bile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr; fakat sonunda vadinin ger\u00e7ek do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 ve kendisinin bu yerle uyum i\u00e7inde olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark eder. Nihayetinde, g\u00f6zlerini kaybetmek yerine, vadiden ka\u00e7may\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden kazanmay\u0131 se\u00e7er.<\/p>\n

Nunez\u2019in bu ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131, yaln\u0131zca fiziksel bir ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda zihinsel bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn simgesidir. Bu hik\u00e2ye, asl\u0131nda modern toplumlar\u0131n i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zihinsel k\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ele\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n

Tam da g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze uygun, \u00fclkemizi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc ve bizleri anlatan bir \u00f6yk\u00fc K\u00f6rler \u00dclkesi<\/em>.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye de bu metaforun g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye, medya ve siyasi s\u00f6ylemlerle \u015fekillendirilen dar bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. T\u0131pk\u0131 K\u00f6rler \u00dclkesi<\/em>\u2019ndeki toplumun ger\u00e7ekleri reddetmesi gibi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve fark\u0131ndal\u0131k, toplumun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kesimi taraf\u0131ndan d\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015f ve marjinalize edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Medya ve siyasi g\u00fc\u00e7ler, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de toplumu adeta bir vadinin i\u00e7ine hapsederek, ger\u00e7eklikten kopuk bir d\u00fcnya yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, toplumun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kesimi i\u00e7in tehlikeli ve kabul edilemez bir \u201chastal\u0131k\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Toplumun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, t\u0131pk\u0131 K\u00f6rler \u00dclkesi<\/em>\u2019ndeki insanlar gibi, kendilerine sunulan bu dar perspektife uyum sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, ancak bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ger\u00e7ekleri g\u00f6rme yetisini kaybetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye sahip bireylerin zihinsel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck aray\u0131\u015f\u0131, Nunez\u2019in vadiden ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 simgeler. Bu bireyler, toplumun dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 dar bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na uyum sa\u011flamak yerine, kendi yollar\u0131n\u0131 aramaktad\u0131r. Ancak bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir cesaret ve kararl\u0131l\u0131k gerektirir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc vadinin karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kurtulmak, toplumsal normlara meydan okumay\u0131 ve kendi yolunu \u00e7izmeyi gerektirir.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, K\u00f6rler \u00dclkesi<\/em> hik\u00e2yesi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin toplumsal ve siyasal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 anlamak ve ele\u015ftirel bir g\u00f6zle de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir alegoridir. Bu hik\u00e2ye, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin karanl\u0131k bir vadiye benzer hale gelen toplumsal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sorgulamak ve toplumu bu k\u00f6rl\u00fckten kurtarmak i\u00e7in bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ger\u00e7ekleri g\u00f6rebilen, sorgulayan ve ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen bireylerin \u00e7abalar\u0131, toplumun g\u00f6zlerini yeniden a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bu m\u00fccadele, toplumsal k\u00f6rl\u00fckten ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015fin yolunu a\u00e7abilir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin vadiden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, ancak bu toplumsal uyan\u0131\u015fla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00f6zlerimizi kapat\u0131p karanl\u0131kta kaybolmak yerine, hep birlikte \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 aramak ve ger\u00e7ekleri g\u00f6rmek zorunday\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Ve s\u00f6z\u00fc H.G. Wells\u2019in Zaman Makinesi<\/em> adl\u0131 eserinde ge\u00e7en ve tam da g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc anlatan bir s\u00f6z\u00fcyle bitireyim:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130nsan hayat\u0131 evrenin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7indeki bir girdap gibi, yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde sakindir; bilimse insan\u0131n karanl\u0131\u011fa yakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kibrittir ve kibritin ate\u015fi karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zdan daha da karanl\u0131k oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.\u201d<\/p>\n

-K\u00f6rler \u00dclkesi, H.G. Wells, \u00c7ev. Evrim \u00d6nc\u00fcl, Kolektif Kitap<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Leman Atalay \u0130ngiliz yazar Herbert George Wells (1866-1946), kitaplar\u0131nda ad\u0131n\u0131 \u201cH. G. Wells\u201d olarak kullanmay\u0131 tercih eder. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u0130ngiltere\u2019sinde yeti\u015fmi\u015f, s\u0131n\u0131f \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve toplumsal e\u015fitsizlikleri derinlemesine g\u00f6zlemlemi\u015f bir yazard\u0131r. Bilimkurgu t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc olarak tan\u0131nsa da, eserleri yaln\u0131zca hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir; ayn\u0131 zamanda toplumsal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ele\u015ftiri niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131r. Sosyalist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle yo\u011frulmu\u015f bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4405,"featured_media":63043,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9827,38,513,510],"tags":[4987,9850,9851],"class_list":["post-63041","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-245-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-kitapcil","category-surekli-bolumler","tag-kolektif-kitap","tag-korler-ulkesi","tag-leman-atalay"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t