{"id":63479,"date":"2024-11-01T00:00:14","date_gmt":"2024-10-31T21:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=63479"},"modified":"2024-10-31T16:01:58","modified_gmt":"2024-10-31T13:01:58","slug":"alisiz-alevilik-olur-mu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2024\/11\/01\/alisiz-alevilik-olur-mu","title":{"rendered":"Alisiz Alevilik olur mu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00fcseyin Karaku\u015f <\/strong><\/p>\n

Son g\u00fcnlerde sosyal medyada \u201cAlisiz Alevilik olur mu\u201d tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u0131s\u0131t\u0131larak yeniden g\u00fcndeme sokuldu. Kendi haline b\u0131rak\u0131lsa belki k\u00fcllenecekti ancak tart\u0131\u015fmalara Ayfer Karakaya gibi geleneksel Anadolu Alevili\u011fi uzman\u0131 bir akademisyenin de kat\u0131lmas\u0131 konuyu alevlendirdi, ama ne yaz\u0131k ki tart\u0131\u015fma seviyesini y\u00fckseltmedi. Say\u0131n Karakaya Alisiz Alevilik iddias\u0131n\u0131n Alevileri b\u00f6lmek ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in g\u00fcndeme getirilen FET\u00d6\u2019c\u00fc takti\u011fi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylerken, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf Karakaya\u2019y\u0131 RTE\u201dnin dile getirdi\u011fi \u201cAlisiz, peygambersiz Alevilik olmaz\u201d s\u00f6ylemine sahip \u00e7\u0131kan Amerikan patentli \u0130slamc\u0131 su\u00e7lamas\u0131 getirdi. Ben bu taraflar\u0131 biri alt katta di\u011feri \u00fcst katta bo\u015flu\u011fa yumruk sallay\u0131p d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc zanneden iki boks\u00f6re benzetiyorum. \u00d6nce zemin tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 yap\u0131p tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 ayn\u0131 d\u00fczleme \u00e7ekmek gerek. Paydalar ortak olacak ki paylarda de\u011ferlendirme yapal\u0131m. Farkl\u0131 d\u00fczlemlerde kolayl\u0131kla \u201cAlisiz, peygambersiz, hatta tanr\u0131s\u0131z Alevilik m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u201d ve \u201cAlisiz Alevilik olamaz\u201d diyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

Konuyu daha anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nce Anadolu Alevisi tarih\u00e7esine sonra 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda Fuad K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc ile ba\u015flayan Alevilik yaz\u0131n\u0131ndaki tezlere ve tart\u0131\u015fmalara g\u00f6z atmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Anadolu Alevisi diye ge\u00e7mi\u015fi binlerce y\u0131l eskiye G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019ye kadar uzanan Anadolu insan\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ediyoruz. Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa neden olmas\u0131n diye biz bu insana Alevi demeyelim Anadolu insan\u0131 diyelim. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc as\u0131l Alevi ve Alevilik diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan, \u0130slamiyet\u2019in i\u00e7inde ehli beyt – ehli s\u00fcnnet siyasi ayr\u0131m\u0131ndan sonra olu\u015fmu\u015f ehli beyt taraf\u0131nda yer alan cemaattir. Ayn\u0131 tarafta \u015eiiler ve Fat\u0131miler de yer almaktad\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda Alevilik ve Aleviler denince akla \u00f6ncelikle Suriye Alevileri olan Nusayriler gelir. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Yemen\u2019deki Zeydiyeler, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n do\u011fusunda Pamir Alevileri, L\u00fcbnan\u2019daki M\u00fctevelliler, Irak\u2019taki \u015eabaklar, Sarliyah-Kakaiyahlar, Ali ilahiler, ehli hakklar, \u0130sna E\u015fariye\u2019ler Alevi olarak bilinirler. Haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 gelen isyank\u00e2r Anadolu insan\u0131 (K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f) ile da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan Yeni\u00e7eri ordusunun tarikat\u0131 olan Bekta\u015filer dinsel rit\u00fcel benzerlikleri nedeniyle bir kefeye konularak Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Alevi diye adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi (Osmanl\u0131 memuru Mu\u1e25ammad Emin Gh\u0101lib al-Taw\u012bl taraf\u0131ndan) 1918\u2019den sonra Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan Nusayrileri de Alevi olarak adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde farkl\u0131 dinsel rit\u00fcelleriyle Arap Alevileri, tekrar Nusayriler ad\u0131yla ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f Bekta\u015fi birlikteli\u011fi \u201cAnadolu Alevili\u011fi\u201d adland\u0131rmas\u0131yla devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Burada s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7en yerle\u015fen insan olarak Hitit, Luvi, \u0130on, Lidya, Frig, T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrtlerden olu\u015fan; cemaat \u00f6zelli\u011fiyle K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f ve Bekta\u015fi olan Anadolu Alevisi budur. Bundan sonra Alevi kelimesi ge\u00e7ti\u011finde b\u00fct\u00fcn Aleviler de\u011fil Anadolu Alevileri kastedilecektir.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi varl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in art\u0131k tehlikeli olan Yeni\u00e7eri ordusunu da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Yeni\u00e7erilerin inan\u00e7 \u00f6nderi olan Bekta\u015fi tekkelerini de da\u011f\u0131tmaya karar verdiler (1826). Bekta\u015fi tekkeleri Nak\u015fibendilere teslim edildi. Bu d\u00f6nemde Anadolu\u2019da yayg\u0131n olarak H\u0131ristiyan misyoner faaliyeti olmas\u0131, misyonerlerin Bekta\u015fi ve K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015flar i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 bulmalar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131y\u0131 tela\u015fland\u0131rd\u0131. D\u00fcne kadar \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman de\u011filsiniz\u201d diye \u00f6telediklerine bu kez \u201csiz de bir \u00e7e\u015fit M\u00fcsl\u00fcmans\u0131n\u0131z\u201d diye sahip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar. Yok edemedikleri K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015flar\u0131, yok etmek istedikleri Bekta\u015fileri tek isimle Alevi diye tan\u0131mlad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Anadolu Alevisinin dinsel inan\u00e7 anlam\u0131ndaki tarihi, Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n kurulu\u015fu ile ba\u015flar. Anadolu Alevisinin medeniyet olarak co\u011frafi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, felsefi olarak \u00e7okk\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc ya\u015fam tarihi Hititlere uzan\u0131r. Anadolu medeniyetler aras\u0131 k\u00f6pr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Anadolu insan\u0131 s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6\u00e7ler nedeniyle \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imini benimsemi\u015ftir. Kendinden ba\u015fka dinsel inanca tahamm\u00fcl\u00fc olmayan H\u0131ristiyan Katolikli\u011fi, \u0130slam S\u00fcnnili\u011fi Anadolu insan\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imine terstir. Ehli beyt sufili\u011fi (Bekta\u015filer), ehli s\u00fcnnet sufili\u011fi (Mevleviler) ortak ya\u015fam\u0131 savunan \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 inan\u00e7 \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile Anadolu insan\u0131nda k\u00f6k salabilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi Alevilik tezlerine bakabiliriz.<\/p>\n

Fuad K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u201cAlevilik heterodoks \u0130slam\u2019d\u0131r\u201d paradigmas\u0131 (dinsel-tarihsel yakla\u015f\u0131m)<\/p>\n

Cemal \u015eener\u2019in \u201cK\u00fcrt Alevi yoktur. K\u00fcrtle\u015fmi\u015f T\u00fcrk Aleviler vard\u0131r\u201d tezi. (Etnik-tarihsel yakla\u015f\u0131m).<\/p>\n

Nejat Birdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n \u201cAlevilik \u0130slam d\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r\u201d tezi (tarihsel-felsefi yakla\u015f\u0131m).<\/p>\n

Erdo\u011fan \u00c7\u0131nar\u2019\u0131n \u201cinsanl\u0131k tarihi Alevilerin tarihidir\u201d tezi (tarihsel yakla\u015f\u0131m).<\/p>\n

Faik Bulut\u2019un \u201cAlisiz Alevilik\u201d tezi (etnik tarihsel yakla\u015f\u0131m).<\/p>\n

\u0130smet Zeki Ey\u00fcbo\u011flu ekol\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201cMavi Anadoluculuk\u201d tezi (co\u011frafi yakla\u015f\u0131m).<\/p>\n

R\u0131za Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n \u201cmodern Alevilik geleneksel Alevilik\u201d tezi (tarihsel yakla\u015f\u0131m).<\/p>\n

Fuad K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn Alevilik heterodoks \u0130slam\u2019d\u0131r tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 tezden \u00f6te paradigmaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Paradigma \u0130rene Melikof ve Ahmet Ya\u015far Ocak gibi otoritelerce onaylan\u0131nca peki\u015fti. \u0130lk d\u00f6nem \u201cAlevili\u011fi yazan Aleviler\u201d Cemal \u015eener, R\u0131za Zelyut, Baki \u00d6z, Reha \u00c7amuro\u011flu ekol\u00fc bu paradigmay\u0131 kabullendiler.<\/p>\n

Cemal \u015eener buna \u201cK\u00fcrt Alevi yoktur, K\u00fcrtle\u015fmi\u015f T\u00fcrk Aleviler vard\u0131r\u201d eklentisi yapt\u0131. Radyo programlar\u0131 ve kitaplar\u0131yla tezini yaymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu eklenti PKK K\u00fcrt ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131ndan uzak durmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir grup Alevi taraf\u0131ndan hemen benimsendi ve s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131-turanc\u0131 \u00e7izgiye bile \u00e7ekildi. Y\u0131llarca s\u00fcren bu tart\u0131\u015fmalara Ayfer Karakaya Stump \u201cVefailik, Bekta\u015filik, K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015fl\u0131k Alevi Kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131, Tarihini, Tarih Yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 Yeniden D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde belgelere dayal\u0131 \u015fekilde Anadolu Alevili\u011fi \u00fczerine bir kara bulut gibi \u00e7\u00f6ken heterodoks \u0130slam paradigmas\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcn Anadolu Alevileri T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcr tezini alt\u00fcst etti.<\/p>\n

Nejat Birdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti\u011fi \u201cAnadolu Alevili\u011fi \u0130slam d\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r\u201d tezinde biraz Alevili\u011fi \u0130slami ba\u011fnazl\u0131k ve dogmalardan kurtarma gayreti vard\u0131. Bu gayret, yazar\u0131 \u0130slam \u00f6ncesi pagan rit\u00fcellerinde benzerlik aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na itmi\u015fti. Sonradan bu tez Alevili\u011fe \u0130slam d\u0131\u015f\u0131 felsefi \u00f6z aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na evrilerek \u201cAlevilik bir felsefe, d\u00fcnyaya bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131\u201dd\u0131r tan\u0131mlamas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u0130\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u201cAlevilik d\u00fcnyaya bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r\u201d ekol\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015fmesinde Esat Korkmaz, Nejat Birdo\u011fan, Erdo\u011fan Ayd\u0131n\u2019\u0131n eserlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131s\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n

Sonraki d\u00f6nemde iki tart\u0131\u015fmaya daha \u015fahit olduk. \u0130lki bir \u00e7e\u015fit yeni Turanc\u0131l\u0131k olan Erdo\u011fan \u00c7\u0131nar\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti\u011fi, Luvilerle zemin yakalay\u0131p insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tarihi ile Alevili\u011fin tarihini e\u015fle\u015ftiren \u00c7\u0131narizm (I\u015f\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k) tezleriydi. T\u00fcrklerin \u201cG\u00fcne\u015f Dil Teorisi\u201d olur da \u201cAlevilik insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tarihidir teorisi\u201d olmaz m\u0131. Alevilik sahipsiz de\u011fildi. Alevi yazarlar\u0131 \u201cAlevi Tarih Yaz\u0131m\u0131nda Skandal – Erdo\u011fan \u00c7\u0131nar \u00d6rne\u011fi\u201d adl\u0131 kitapta tahrifatlar\u0131 belgeleyerek yan\u0131t verdiler.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Faik Bulut\u2019un \u201cAlisiz Alevilik\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131yla \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti\u011fi Alisiz Alevilik tezinde daha \u00e7ok Alevi inanc\u0131n\u0131 \u0130slamiyet \u00f6ncesi K\u00fcrt kaynakl\u0131 inan\u00e7larla ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131rma gayreti vard\u0131. Faik Bulut\u2019a y\u00f6nelen yo\u011fun tepki daha \u00e7ok K\u00fcrtl\u00fckle ba\u011flant\u0131lara oldu. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Alisiz Alevilik tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ise \u0130slami ak\u0131mlara h\u00e2kim olan gericilik ve ba\u011fnazl\u0131\u011fa tepki vard\u0131r. Yeni tart\u0131\u015fmalarda \u201cteslimiyet\u00e7i, gaddar, \u00e7ocuk ya\u015ftaki k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 dedesi ya\u015f\u0131ndaki halife \u00d6mer\u2019e veren, Fatma sonras\u0131 bir s\u00fcr\u00fc evlilik yapm\u0131\u015f Ali\u201d ve benzeri gerici unsurlar\u0131 Alevilikten ar\u0131nd\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bilgisiz ama modern Aleviler taraf oldular. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Alevi inan\u00e7 rit\u00fcellerinin olgu de\u011fil k\u00fcltler \u00fczerine kurulu oldu\u011fu unutulmu\u015ftur. K\u00fcltleri bilgiyle \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak nafiledir.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcne kadarki en \u00f6nemli ve ne yaz\u0131k ki tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f tez R\u0131za Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n \u201cgeleneksel Alevilik modern Alevilik\u201d tezidir. 1950 sonras\u0131 kentlere i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7, 1960 sonras\u0131 d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7 kapal\u0131 toplum Alevili\u011fini alt \u00fcst etmi\u015f i\u00e7inden modern Alevilik do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Kentle\u015fen Aleviler geleneksel Alevili\u011fin k\u00fcltlerine ve rit\u00fcellerine tutunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, kentlile\u015fen Aleviler sufilikten Spinozac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzanan dinden ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f yeni bir evrensel Alevili\u011fi d\u00fc\u015flemektedir. Her iki Alevili\u011fin de\u011ferleri birbirine ters de\u011fildir. Alevilik hi\u00e7birinin tekelinde de\u011fildir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Anadolu Alevili\u011fi i\u00e7inde modern Alevilik ve geleneksel Alevilik kol kola ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc i\u00e7inde ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi geleneksel Alevilik tarihe \u00e7ekilirken modern Alevilik geli\u015fip serpilecektir.<\/p>\n

Ayfer Karakaya hocam\u0131z yaz\u0131l\u0131 Alevi tarihini gizlenmi\u015f, yok olmaya mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015f deliklerden bulup \u00e7\u0131kararak \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6rev \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir. Karakaya \u201ctarih gridir\u201d diye hayk\u0131r\u0131rken tarihi siyah ve beyaz g\u00f6sterenlerin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na elbette u\u011frayacakt\u0131r. Onun hatas\u0131 FB \u00fczerinden sa\u011fa sola laf atarak sinekleri \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7ekmesidir. Modern Alevilik savunucular\u0131 Karakaya\u2019y\u0131 \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131kla de\u011fil yaz\u0131l\u0131 Alevi tarih\u00e7ili\u011fi ile de\u011ferlendirmelidir. Alevi Alevili\u011fini nas\u0131l ya\u015famak istiyorsa \u00f6yle ya\u015fayacakt\u0131r. Onu dinler inan\u00e7lar yarg\u0131layamaz, ancak evrensel ahlaki de\u011ferler yarg\u0131layabilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u00fcseyin Karaku\u015f Son g\u00fcnlerde sosyal medyada \u201cAlisiz Alevilik olur mu\u201d tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u0131s\u0131t\u0131larak yeniden g\u00fcndeme sokuldu. Kendi haline b\u0131rak\u0131lsa belki k\u00fcllenecekti ancak tart\u0131\u015fmalara Ayfer Karakaya gibi geleneksel Anadolu Alevili\u011fi uzman\u0131 bir akademisyenin de kat\u0131lmas\u0131 konuyu alevlendirdi, ama ne yaz\u0131k ki tart\u0131\u015fma seviyesini y\u00fckseltmedi. Say\u0131n Karakaya Alisiz Alevilik iddias\u0131n\u0131n Alevileri b\u00f6lmek ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in g\u00fcndeme getirilen FET\u00d6\u2019c\u00fc takti\u011fi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2301,"featured_media":63480,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9916,38,535,510],"tags":[9936,8291],"class_list":["post-63479","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-247-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-forum","category-surekli-bolumler","tag-alisiz-alevilik","tag-huseyin-karakus"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63479","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2301"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=63479"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63479\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63480"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63479"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=63479"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=63479"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}