{"id":63535,"date":"2024-11-08T10:02:30","date_gmt":"2024-11-08T07:02:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=63535"},"modified":"2024-11-08T10:02:30","modified_gmt":"2024-11-08T07:02:30","slug":"orgutlenmis-topluluk-orgutlu-toplum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2024\/11\/08\/orgutlenmis-topluluk-orgutlu-toplum","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f topluluk – \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc toplum"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ender Helvac\u0131o\u011flu<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcm toplumlar\u0131n uygarl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015fi (yani barbarl\u0131ktan uygarl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015fin tamamlanmas\u0131) yakla\u015f\u0131k 5000 sene ald\u0131 (Kabaca M\u00d6 4000 – MS 1000). Bu uzun s\u00fcre boyunca \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcr barbarlar\u201d zorla uygarla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131lar; uygar d\u00fczene (s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 d\u00fczen) boyun e\u011fdirildiler; boyun e\u011fmeye al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ya\u015fanan halk isyanlar\u0131 asl\u0131nda \u201cuygarla\u015fmaya\u201d kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015flerdi. Ama ya ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015famad\u0131lar ve ehlile\u015ftirildiler veya ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015ft\u0131lar ama uygarl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan so\u011furuldular. Barbarlar ve uygarl\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131, ya yenilip ehlile\u015ftirilerek ya da yenip so\u011furularak (yenilenler taraf\u0131ndan fethedilerek) uygarl\u0131k kervan\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131lar. Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00f6yle bir hegemonyas\u0131 vard\u0131r, girdap gibidir, yenilse bile kazan\u0131r. Hatta yenildi\u011fi zaman daha fazla kazan\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu uygarl\u0131k at\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, barbarlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f uygarlara kar\u015f\u0131 zaferi ile ba\u015flar (Hikmet K\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131ml\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201ctarihsel devrimler\u201d dedi\u011fi s\u00fcre\u00e7ler).<\/p>\n

Ama barbarl\u0131k hi\u00e7bir zaman yok olmad\u0131; halk kitleleri i\u00e7inde devam etti. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc uygarl\u0131k bir dayatmayd\u0131. Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en ufak bir bocalamas\u0131nda barbarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yeniden f\u0131\u015fk\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni budur. Uygarl\u0131k toplumsalla\u015famad\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n toplumsalla\u015fmas\u0131 mevcut uygarl\u0131k sistemiyle (s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131l\u0131k ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc) olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ama egemenler bu toplumsalla\u015famamay\u0131, yani kitleler i\u00e7indeki barbarl\u0131k potansiyelini de kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullanabiliyorlar.<\/p>\n

Uygar egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar, uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n toplumsalla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131, ancak kitlelerin kendilerini izleyebilecek d\u00fczeye kadar olmas\u0131n\u0131 isterler. Yani asl\u0131nda uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n de\u011fil, uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 temsil eden egemenlere boyun e\u011fmenin, r\u0131za g\u00f6stermenin toplumsalla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 hedeflerler. Egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n hedefi, disiplin alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir barbarl\u0131kt\u0131r. Kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir barbarl\u0131k\u2026 Onlar ad\u0131na \u00fcreten, onlar ad\u0131na sava\u015fan bir barbarl\u0131k\u2026 Uygarl\u0131k toplumsalla\u015f\u0131rsa, egemenler s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclecek emek\u00e7i ve sava\u015facak asker bulamazlar.<\/p>\n

Uygarl\u0131k, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f barbarl\u0131kt\u0131r. Uygarl\u0131k, barbarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleyerek ayakta kalabilir; barbarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015farak ve yok ederek de\u011fil. Uygarl\u0131k, barbarl\u0131\u011fa muhta\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Barbarl\u0131k, uygarl\u0131k (s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131l\u0131k) ile a\u015f\u0131lamaz! Uygarl\u0131k barbarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 de\u011fil, egemenler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi ve d\u00fczen alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Barbarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131l\u0131k ile a\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesi, en ufak bir otorite bo\u015flu\u011fu durumunda barbarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kitlesel d\u00fczeyde ve kaotik bir bi\u00e7imde f\u0131\u015fk\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. Barbarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131l\u0131k ile a\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer bir g\u00f6stergesi, egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n, iktidarlar\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131 i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u201cuygarl\u0131k birikimini\u201d (insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele birikiminden s\u00f6z ediyoruz) rahatl\u0131kla g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edebilmeleridir.<\/p>\n

\u201cUygarl\u0131k d\u00f6nemi\u201dni belki de barbarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en \u00fcst a\u015famas\u0131, -umar\u0131m- son a\u015famas\u0131 olarak nitelemek daha do\u011fru olacakt\u0131r. Rosa Luxemburg\u2019un \u201cya sosyalizm ya barbarl\u0131k\u201d \u00f6nermesini kan\u0131mca b\u00f6yle anlamak gerekir.<\/p>\n

Barbarl\u0131k d\u00f6neminin a\u015famalar\u0131 belki \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanabilir: A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 barbarl\u0131k \/ Orta barbarl\u0131k \/ Yukar\u0131 barbarl\u0131k \/ \u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fc barbarl\u0131k (uygarl\u0131k)<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Bu noktada \u00f6rg\u00fct ve \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fck meselesine -geni\u015f kitleler d\u00fczleminden- de\u011finmek gerek.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n toplumsal geli\u015fimini, \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc giderek daha \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde ve yayg\u0131n bi\u00e7imde (\u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeyi toplumsalla\u015ft\u0131rarak) ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi s\u00fcreci olarak da a\u00e7\u0131klayabiliriz. Gerek do\u011faya gerekse birbirine kar\u015f\u0131…<\/p>\n

T\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz olan Homo sapiens\u2019in on binlerce y\u0131l s\u00fcren ilkel kom\u00fcnal d\u00f6neminin a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131 pek fazla bilmiyoruz. Fakat ilkel topluluktan uygar topluma ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecini (neolitik ve uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131) bu a\u00e7\u0131dan izleyebilece\u011fimiz arkeolojik verilere sahibiz.<\/p>\n

Fakat \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc olmay\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir \u201cilericilik k\u0131stas\u0131\u201d olarak belirlemek yanl\u0131\u015f (daha do\u011frusu eksik) olur. Burada kritik nokta \u015fudur: \u201c\u00d6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f topluluk\u201dtan de\u011fil, \u201c\u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc toplum\u201ddan s\u00f6z ediyoruz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc koyun s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc de \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f bir topluluktur. \u201c\u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fc toplum\u201d \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00fczeylerde kendisi i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f, kendi kaderini eline alm\u0131\u015f kitleler demektir.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ve gerici s\u0131n\u0131flar \u201c\u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f topluluk\u201dtan (yukar\u0131da \u201c\u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f barbarl\u0131k\u201d diye s\u00f6z etti\u011fimiz olgu) yanad\u0131rlar. \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme edimini tekellerinde tutmak isterler. Kitleler topluluk olarak, g\u00fcruh olarak, s\u00fcr\u00fc olarak kalmal\u0131d\u0131r ki, onlar bu g\u00fcruhu\/s\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc rahatl\u0131kla kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda \u00f6rg\u00fctleyebilsinler.<\/p>\n

\u00c7orum, Mara\u015f, Sivas katliamlar\u0131n\u0131 ve daha nice k\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f bir \u00fclkeyiz. On binlerce insan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, binlerce gencimizi, y\u00fczlerce ayd\u0131n\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 katlettiler. \u201c\u00d6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f g\u00fcruhlar\u0131\u201d da kulland\u0131lar bunu yaparken.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00d6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f topluluk\u201d ile \u201c\u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc toplum\u201d aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fki, tarih boyunca s\u00f6m\u00fcren-s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen, ezen-ezilen aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin en yak\u0131c\u0131 alanlar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p>\n

Emek\u00e7i kitlelerin kendi m\u00fccadele deneyimleriyle ve kendi i\u00e7lerinden \u00e7\u0131kan \u00f6nc\u00fcleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla olu\u015facak \u201c\u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc toplum\u201d d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z yok.<\/p>\n

Egemenlerin kitleleri aptalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p y\u00f6nlendirecek \u00e7ok geli\u015fmi\u015f ara\u00e7lar\u0131 var g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde. Asl\u0131nda her zaman vard\u0131. En geli\u015fmi\u015f bili\u015fim teknolojileri dahi, egemenlerin arac\u0131 olarak dinin ve tanr\u0131n\u0131n manip\u00fclasyon g\u00fcc\u00fcne ula\u015fabilmi\u015f de\u011fildir hen\u00fcz.<\/p>\n

Fakat bizim de \u201calg\u0131sal\u201d olmasa da \u201colgusal\u201d bir g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz var. Ezilen kitlelerin k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bilin\u00e7lenmeleri, ayd\u0131nlanmalar\u0131, bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi i\u00e7selle\u015ftirmeleri zordur, zaman al\u0131r. Ama kendi \u00f6z \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir h\u0131zla devrimcile\u015febilirler. Tipik bir barbar \u00f6zelli\u011fi! Emek\u00e7i kitleler -ayd\u0131nlar gibi- bilin\u00e7lenerek devrimcile\u015fmezler; devrimcile\u015ferek bilin\u00e7lenirler.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte emek\u00e7i kitlelerin bu devrimcile\u015fme potansiyeli, \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc toplumun zeminini olu\u015fturur. \u00d6nc\u00fc \u00f6rg\u00fct sadece bilin\u00e7li olmakla yetinemez; devrimci olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc kitlelerin devrimcile\u015fme potansiyeli ile birle\u015femez ve egemenlerin manip\u00fclasyon g\u00fcc\u00fcyle ba\u015f edemez.<\/p>\n

Egemenlerin manip\u00fclasyon ara\u00e7lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kitlelerin \u00f6z-devrimci potansiyeli\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ender Helvac\u0131o\u011flu T\u00fcm toplumlar\u0131n uygarl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015fi (yani barbarl\u0131ktan uygarl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015fin tamamlanmas\u0131) yakla\u015f\u0131k 5000 sene ald\u0131 (Kabaca M\u00d6 4000 – MS 1000). Bu uzun s\u00fcre boyunca \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcr barbarlar\u201d zorla uygarla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131lar; uygar d\u00fczene (s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 d\u00fczen) boyun e\u011fdirildiler; boyun e\u011fmeye al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131lar. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ya\u015fanan halk isyanlar\u0131 asl\u0131nda \u201cuygarla\u015fmaya\u201d kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015flerdi. Ama ya ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015famad\u0131lar ve ehlile\u015ftirildiler veya ba\u015far\u0131ya […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":493,"featured_media":63536,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,2313],"tags":[9531,5247,9945],"class_list":["post-63535","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","category-degirmen","tag-degirmen","tag-ender-helvacioglu","tag-orgutlu-toplum"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63535","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/493"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=63535"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63535\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63536"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63535"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=63535"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=63535"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}