{"id":63972,"date":"2024-12-31T00:00:11","date_gmt":"2024-12-30T21:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=63972"},"modified":"2024-12-30T23:52:23","modified_gmt":"2024-12-30T20:52:23","slug":"ozgurlugun-zorunlulugu-iman-ve-iktidar-arasinda-insan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2024\/12\/31\/ozgurlugun-zorunlulugu-iman-ve-iktidar-arasinda-insan","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn zorunlulu\u011fu: iman ve iktidar aras\u0131nda insan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Leman Atalay<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cGe\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en dikkat \u00e7eken d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerinden biri olan Jean-Paul Sartre, yaln\u0131zca felsefi yaz\u0131lar\u0131yla de\u011fil, ya\u015fama bak\u0131\u015f\u0131, duru\u015fu ve al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki hayat\u0131yla da zihinlerde yer etti. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda belirmeye ba\u015flayan varolu\u015f\u00e7ulu\u011fun kuramsal \u00e7er\u00e7evesini \u00e7izen Sartre, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini \u015fekillendirirken, iki d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n tam ortas\u0131nda Paris\u2019in entelekt\u00fcel atmosferinden beslenerek kendi yolunu a\u00e7t\u0131. Sartre, insana yaln\u0131zca \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de\u011fil, kendi se\u00e7imlerinin sorumlulu\u011funu da y\u00fckleyen bir anlay\u0131\u015fla yakla\u015ft\u0131. Ona g\u00f6re, insan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kendi \u00e7abas\u0131yla tan\u0131mlar, kendini var eder; ancak bunun bedeli, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn getirdi\u011fi a\u011f\u0131r sorumlulu\u011fu \u00fcstlenmektir.<\/p>\n

\u201cBu derleme, Sartre\u2019\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ad\u0131m atmak isteyenler i\u00e7in bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 niteli\u011finde. Onun felsefesini anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, asl\u0131nda kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve sorumluluk anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131za da yeni bir perspektiften bakmak demek. Sartre\u2019\u0131n \u00e7izdi\u011fi yol, kendi se\u00e7imlerimizle kim oldu\u011fumuzu belirleme \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n, t\u00fcm a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn tek ger\u00e7ek yolu oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.\u201d<\/p>\n

Jean-Paul Sartre, yaln\u0131zca d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleriyle de\u011fil, ya\u015fam hik\u00e2yesiyle de felsefe d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda iz b\u0131rakan bir isim. Hamza Celaleddin\u2019in \u201cJean-Paul Sartre – \u0130nsan \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe Mahk\u00fbmdur\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131, Sartre\u2019\u0131n hayat\u0131na odaklanarak, onun varolu\u015f\u00e7u felsefesinin k\u00f6kenini, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olaylar ve d\u00f6nemin ko\u015fullar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ele al\u0131yor. Sartre\u2019\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe dair geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi fikirler, yaln\u0131zca soyut d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler olarak de\u011fil, bizzat kendi hayat\u0131n\u0131n her ad\u0131m\u0131nda \u015fekillenmi\u015f ve s\u0131nanm\u0131\u015f. Celaleddin, Sartre\u2019\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131rken, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinin kayna\u011f\u0131na da bir yolculuk yapmam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Sartre\u2019\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorluklar, sava\u015flar\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi y\u0131llar, Paris\u2019in entelekt\u00fcel ortam\u0131nda kendini buldu\u011fu s\u00fcre\u00e7, hepsi onun \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Sartre\u2019\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc s\u00f6zlerinden biri olan \u201c\u0130nsan, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe mahk\u00fbmdur\u201d ifadesi de kitab\u0131n ana fikri etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fcyor. Sartre\u2019a g\u00f6re insan, kendini var ederken yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 her se\u00e7imin sorumlulu\u011funu da \u00fcstlenmek zorunda olan bir varl\u0131k. Ancak bu sorumluluk, yaln\u0131zca bireysel bir y\u00fck de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn zorunlu bir bedeli.<\/p>\n

Celaleddin, Sartre\u2019\u0131n hayat\u0131ndaki d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131rken, onun \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckle olan ki\u015fisel m\u00fccadelesini de g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor. Sartre\u2019\u0131n yaln\u0131zca bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr olarak de\u011fil, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olaylar\u0131 kendi felsefi bak\u0131\u015f\u0131yla de\u011ferlendiren bir insan olarak \u00e7izdi\u011fi bu portre, okuyucuya \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ne denli b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u00fck oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Sartre, se\u00e7imleriyle kendini in\u015fa ederken, ayn\u0131 zamanda her se\u00e7imin bir bedel gerektirdi\u011finin bilincindeydi. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaos ortam\u0131nda, kendisini t\u00fcm bu olaylar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda bulan Sartre, bireyin kendi de\u011ferlerini yaratmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine inan\u0131yordu. Hamza Celaleddin, Sartre\u2019\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131na odaklanarak, onun \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hayat\u0131n\u0131n merkezine koyma cesaretini, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz okuyucusuna da ilham verecek \u015fekilde anlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Sartre\u2019\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, bug\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00fcnya ko\u015fullar\u0131yla da do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131. Modern \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n h\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015fen ve karma\u015f\u0131kla\u015fan yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7inde, bireyin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumas\u0131 ve kendi de\u011ferlerini yaratmas\u0131 art\u0131k daha zorlay\u0131c\u0131 bir hal ald\u0131. Sartre\u2019\u0131n \u201c\u0130nsan, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe mahkumdur\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc, asl\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz insan\u0131na da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir mesaj veriyor: Ne kadar karma\u015f\u0131k ve zorlay\u0131c\u0131 olursa olsun, se\u00e7im yapmak ve bu se\u00e7imlerin sorumlulu\u011funu \u00fcstlenmekten ka\u00e7amay\u0131z. Sartre\u2019\u0131n hayat hik\u00e2yesi, her bireyin kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yaratma ve sorumlulu\u011funu \u00fcstlenme m\u00fccadelesinde yaln\u0131z olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor. Celaleddin\u2019in kitab\u0131, Sartre\u2019\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bireysel bir hak olmaktan \u00f6te, kolektif bir sorumlulu\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bug\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda, kendimize \u00f6zg\u00fcrce bir yol a\u00e7ma cesaretini bulmam\u0131z gerekti\u011fini vurguluyor. Sartre\u2019\u0131n hayat\u0131, t\u00fcm zorluklara ra\u011fmen kendi de\u011ferlerini yaratma ve ya\u015fama cesareti g\u00f6steren bir insan\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc olarak bizlere ilham veriyor.<\/p>\n

Jean-Paul Sartre – \u0130nsan \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe Mahkumdur, Hamza Celaleddin, Destek Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 72 s., 2021.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Leman Atalay \u201cGe\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en dikkat \u00e7eken d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerinden biri olan Jean-Paul Sartre, yaln\u0131zca felsefi yaz\u0131lar\u0131yla de\u011fil, ya\u015fama bak\u0131\u015f\u0131, duru\u015fu ve al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki hayat\u0131yla da zihinlerde yer etti. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda belirmeye ba\u015flayan varolu\u015f\u00e7ulu\u011fun kuramsal \u00e7er\u00e7evesini \u00e7izen Sartre, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini \u015fekillendirirken, iki d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n tam ortas\u0131nda Paris\u2019in entelekt\u00fcel atmosferinden beslenerek kendi yolunu a\u00e7t\u0131. Sartre, insana yaln\u0131zca \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4405,"featured_media":63973,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9983,38,513,510],"tags":[10004,10005,9851],"class_list":["post-63972","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-249-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-kitapcil","category-surekli-bolumler","tag-insan-ozgurluge-mahkumdur","tag-jean-paul-sartre","tag-leman-atalay"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t