{"id":64506,"date":"2025-03-01T00:00:56","date_gmt":"2025-02-28T21:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=64506"},"modified":"2025-03-10T21:25:23","modified_gmt":"2025-03-10T18:25:23","slug":"yemek-kulturunun-donusumu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2025\/03\/01\/yemek-kulturunun-donusumu","title":{"rendered":"Yemek k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Olcay Ba\u011f\u0131r<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kapitalizm, \u201ck\u00fcreselle\u015fme\u201d ad\u0131yla toplumlar\u0131n yeme i\u00e7me al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015ftirebiliyor. K\u00fcreselle\u015fme denilen \u201ct\u00fcm d\u00fcnyan\u0131n tek bir k\u00f6y olmas\u0131\u201d \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fc asl\u0131nda kapitalizmin, herkesin ayn\u0131 \u015feyleri giyinip, ayn\u0131 parf\u00fcm\u00fc kullanmas\u0131, ayn\u0131 \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 dinlemesi, ayn\u0131 filmleri izlemesi ve ayn\u0131 \u015feyleri yemesinin pratikteki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cMetas\u0131n\u0131\u201d daha kolay satmak i\u00e7in kapitalin istedi\u011fi \u015fey budur. Kastedilen \u015fey asl\u0131nda tek k\u00f6y de\u011fil, \u201ctek ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir pazar\u201dd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kapitalizmin istedi\u011fi \u015feylerden biri \u015fuydu: Ayn\u0131 \u015feyleri yemek\u2026 Hem de h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yemek. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc vakit \u201cnakit\u201dtir. Bir an \u00f6nce herkes yeme\u011fini yiyip \u00e7\u0131ks\u0131n ve bo\u015falan masalara ba\u015fka m\u00fc\u015fteriler otursun!<\/p>\n<p>Asl\u0131nda fastfood yani \u201ch\u0131zl\u0131 yemek\u201d veya \u201chaz\u0131r yemek\u201d T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye yabanc\u0131 bir kavram de\u011fil. 1980 \u00f6ncesinde haz\u0131r yemek olarak, d\u00f6ner, tavuk pilav, kokore\u00e7, kebap d\u00fcr\u00fcm, bal\u0131k ekmek, tantuni, tost gibi yemekler kastediliyordu. Bunlar genelde sokaklarda seyyar yemek\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131l\u0131yordu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ad\u0131 \u00f6yle konmasa da, haz\u0131rlan\u0131\u015f ve t\u00fcketimindeki h\u0131z ve pratiklik, kolay eri\u015filebilirlik, kitlesellik ve t\u00f6rensellikten uzak, basit yemek adab\u0131 birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde kentte uzun zamand\u0131r sat\u0131lan ve t\u00fcketilen bir\u00e7ok yiyece\u011fin \u201chaz\u0131r yemek\u201d t\u00fcrleri aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Birbirinin ayn\u0131s\u0131<br \/>\n<\/strong>1980\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda McDonald\u2019s, Burger King, Pizza Hut gibi uluslararas\u0131 yemek zincirlerinin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u015fubeler a\u00e7maya ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n, haz\u0131r yeme\u011fi \u201cfastfoodla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n<p>80\u2019lerle birlikte T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisinin uluslararas\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 (yani liberalle\u015fmesi) ve yabanc\u0131 yemek \u015firketlerinin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye girmesiyle hamburger, pizza gibi Bat\u0131l\u0131 tarzdaki haz\u0131r yemekler \u00fclkede h\u0131zla yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu yeni tarz haz\u0131r yemeklerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin geleneksel \u201cayak\u00fcst\u00fc\u201d yemeklerinden en b\u00fcy\u00fck farklar\u0131, kurumsalla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 (buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da standartla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131) ve stat\u00fc belirlemeleriydi.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-64553 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/fast-food-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"189\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Kurumsal ve standartla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 \u015fu demekti: Mesela \u00fclkenin neresinde olursan\u0131z olun ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z hamburgerin (tabi ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u201cmen\u00fc\u201dye g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6stermek kayd\u0131yla) gramaj\u0131 ve tad\u0131 ayn\u0131d\u0131r ve hep ayn\u0131 zamanda (mesela 3 veya 5 dakika i\u00e7inde) \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcze gelir. Ayr\u0131ca bu fastfood restoranlar\u0131n\u0131n hepsi ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde dekore edilmi\u015ftir, hepsi birbirinin ayn\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Stat\u00fc belirleyen beslenme<br \/>\n<\/strong>Amerikan toplumunda 1950\u2019li y\u0131llardan itibaren pop\u00fclerle\u015fen McDonald\u2019s, 1980\u2019li y\u0131llara kadar kitlesel bir yiyecek olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini koruyor ve genellikle orta s\u0131n\u0131f ailelere hitap etmeye devam ediyordu. 80\u2019li y\u0131llarda ise ABD\u2019de orta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n daralmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131, yoksullu\u011fun artmas\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131\/dengeli beslenme e\u011filimlerinin artmas\u0131yla birlikte, fastfood \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde stat\u00fc kaybetti. Fastfoodun y\u00fcksek kalorili ve ya\u011fl\u0131 bir yiyecek olmas\u0131, daha \u00e7ok \u015fi\u015fmanl\u0131k ve yoksullukla bir arada d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesini de beraberinde getirdi. Yani McDonald\u2019s\u2019\u0131n (genel olarak da fastfoodun) ABD\u2019de en az\u0131ndan orta s\u0131n\u0131flar nezdinde g\u00f6zden d\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llarda, ayn\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye y\u00fcksek stat\u00fcl\u00fc bir yiyecek olarak girmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Art\u0131k T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bu mek\u00e2nlara gitmek bir y\u00fcksek stat\u00fc belirtisi haline geldi. Fastfood bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede oldu\u011fu gibi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de Amerikan ya\u015fam tarz\u0131yla, modernlikle, Bat\u0131l\u0131l\u0131kla ve gen\u00e7likle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin McDonald\u2019s, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de gen\u00e7lerin g\u00f6zde bulu\u015fma, toplanma ve vakit ge\u00e7irme mek\u00e2nlar\u0131ndan biri oldu. \u00d6nceleri \u00f6zellikle zengin semtlerde kurulan fastfood restoranlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a, yani zaman ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e, giderek s\u0131radanla\u015facak, yayg\u0131n olarak t\u00fcketilecek ve orta s\u0131n\u0131f ailelerin de tercih ettikleri yerler haline gelecekti.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de fastfoodla\u015fma<br \/>\n<\/strong>B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlardan sonra yerli yiyece\u011fin de fastfoodla\u015fma s\u00fcrecine kar\u015f\u0131 baz\u0131 direnme stratejileri geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir. Kendini fastfood olarak niteleyen, fastfood olmaya \u00f6yk\u00fcnen yerli yiyeceklerin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde d\u00f6nerciler, kokore\u00e7\u00e7iler, d\u00fcr\u00fcmc\u00fcler, lahmacuncular ve hatta simit\u00e7iler yava\u015f yava\u015f markala\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken kimi zaman gelenekselli\u011fe kimi zaman da Bat\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ve modernli\u011fe vurgu yapan imgelerle \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini paketlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Art\u0131k yerli haz\u0131r yemekler de kurumsalla\u015f\u0131yor. Bu kurumsalla\u015fman\u0131n gere\u011fi olarak reklamlar veriliyor ve belli oranda standartla\u015fma sa\u011flan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-64554 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/fast-food-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" \/>Mesela kurumsalla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7i\u011fk\u00f6fteci, \u00fclkenin bir\u00e7ok yerinde \u00e7i\u011fk\u00f6fte d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131yor ve o birbirinin kopyas\u0131 d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131n hepsinde \u00e7i\u011fk\u00f6ftelerin tad\u0131 ve servis s\u00fcreleri ayn\u0131! Ya da eskiden sokaklarda sat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n kafalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde tahta tepsilerle ta\u015f\u0131narak sat\u0131lan simit, po\u011fa\u00e7a gibi yiyecekler, art\u0131k bir restoran zinciri halinde kurulan i\u015fletmelerde neredeyse her \u015fehirde sat\u0131l\u0131yor. Hatta bu i\u015fletmeler \u201ck\u00fcreselle\u015fmenin nimetlerinden faydalanarak\u201d Amerika\u2019da bile \u015fube a\u00e7abiliyor.<\/p>\n<p>Bir tarafta sipari\u015f etti\u011fi pizzan\u0131n zaman\u0131nda gelip gelmedi\u011fini anlamak i\u00e7in saat tutan insanlar\u0131n \u00fclkesi T\u00fcrkiye varken, di\u011fer tarafta ince belli bardaklarda \u00e7ay i\u00e7ip simidin susam\u0131n\u0131n kokusuyla mest olan Amerika var. Ya da \u00fczerinde sipari\u015fi veren ki\u015finin ad\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir karton bardakta pahal\u0131 kahve i\u00e7mek i\u00e7in s\u0131rada beklenen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131n di\u011fer yanda, ofislerinden \u00f6\u011flen aras\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p d\u00f6ner mi yoksa pizza m\u0131 yiyecekleri konusunda konu\u015fan \u0130ngilizlerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Fransa var.<\/p>\n<p>Kapitalizmin tasavvur etti\u011fi k\u00fcresel k\u00f6y de tam olarak b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey. K\u00fcreselle\u015fmeyle s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n \u00f6nemini yitirdi\u011fi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin daha \u00e7ok kayna\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 hayallerinin romantik savunucular\u0131 bir yana, kapitalizmin s\u0131n\u0131r ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr dinlemez pazar anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini g\u00f6renler de var h\u00e2l\u00e2 bu d\u00fcnyada.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Olcay Ba\u011f\u0131r Kapitalizm, \u201ck\u00fcreselle\u015fme\u201d ad\u0131yla toplumlar\u0131n yeme i\u00e7me al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015ftirebiliyor. K\u00fcreselle\u015fme denilen \u201ct\u00fcm d\u00fcnyan\u0131n tek bir k\u00f6y olmas\u0131\u201d \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fc asl\u0131nda kapitalizmin, herkesin ayn\u0131 \u015feyleri giyinip, ayn\u0131 parf\u00fcm\u00fc kullanmas\u0131, ayn\u0131 \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 dinlemesi, ayn\u0131 filmleri izlemesi ve ayn\u0131 \u015feyleri yemesinin pratikteki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cMetas\u0131n\u0131\u201d daha kolay satmak i\u00e7in kapitalin istedi\u011fi \u015fey budur. Kastedilen \u015fey asl\u0131nda tek k\u00f6y [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2178,"featured_media":64551,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10057,38,535,510],"tags":[8859,10077],"class_list":["post-64506","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-251-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-forum","category-surekli-bolumler","tag-olcay-bagir","tag-yemek-kulturunun-donusumu"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64506","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2178"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64506"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64506\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64551"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64506"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64506"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64506"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}