{"id":6497,"date":"2016-11-11T12:47:51","date_gmt":"2016-11-11T10:47:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=6497"},"modified":"2016-11-11T12:47:51","modified_gmt":"2016-11-11T10:47:51","slug":"sempanzeler-ve-bonobolar-tur-olarak-ayrildiktan-sonra-da-ciftlesmeye-devam-etmis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2016\/11\/11\/sempanzeler-ve-bonobolar-tur-olarak-ayrildiktan-sonra-da-ciftlesmeye-devam-etmis","title":{"rendered":"\u015eempanzeler ve bonobolar, t\u00fcr olarak ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra da \u00e7iftle\u015fmeye devam etmi\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>G\u00f6rsel a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131:<\/strong> Bonobolar. \u00a9 Uryadnikov Sergey \/ Fotolia<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Biliminsanlar\u0131 insan atas\u0131yla <em>Neanderthaller<\/em>in kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na paralel bir duruma, \u00a0insan\u0131n en yak\u0131n akrabalar\u0131 olan \u015fempanzelerde de rastlad\u0131. \u0130lk defa, \u015fempanzeler ve bonobolar aras\u0131ndaki antik gen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ortaya kondu. Wellcome Trust Sanger Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ve di\u011fer uluslararas\u0131 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n <em>Science<\/em> dergisinde yay\u0131mlad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, \u015fempanze genomlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 1\u2019inin bonobolardan geldi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ayr\u0131ca, genomi\u011fin, tek tek \u015fempanzelerin co\u011frafi k\u00f6kenlerini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaya yard\u0131m edebilece\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi; ki bunun da \u015fempanzelerin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc etkileri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eempanzeler ve bonobolar sadece tropik Afrika\u2019da bulunan b\u00fcy\u00fck maymunlard\u0131r. Nesli t\u00fckenmekte olan t\u00fcrlerdir ve g\u00fcya yasalarca tamamen g\u00fcvence alt\u0131ndad\u0131rlar, ancak pek \u00e7ok \u015fempanze ve bonobo halen yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak yakalanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Koruma \u00e7abalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar 10 Afrika \u00fclkesinden al\u0131nan 75 \u015fempanze ve bonobonun ve daha da \u00f6nemlisi bilinen co\u011frafi konumlardan al\u0131nan 40 yeni do\u011fmu\u015f vah\u015fi \u015fempanze yavrusunun t\u00fcm genom dizilerini analiz ettiler. Bir \u015fempanzenin genetik dizilimi ile co\u011frafi k\u00f6keni aras\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ba\u011flant\u0131 oldu\u011funu ke\u015ffettiler.<\/p>\n<p>Wellcome Trust Sanger Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden Dr. Chris Tyler Smith \u201cBu \u015fempanze genomunu tarihlemek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan en b\u00fcy\u00fck analizdir ve geneti\u011fin kesin bir \u015fekilde \u015fempanzenin hangi vah\u015fi ortamdan geldi\u011fini belirlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak yakalanan \u015fempanzelerin vah\u015fi do\u011fada ait olduklar\u0131 yere geri d\u00f6nebilmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir ve al\u0131konulmaya kar\u015f\u0131 eylemler i\u00e7in anahtar bir kan\u0131t sa\u011flayabilir\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eempanzeler ve bonobolar insan\u0131n ya\u015fayan en yak\u0131n akrabalar\u0131d\u0131r. 1,5 milyon ila 2 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce ortak bir atadan ayr\u0131ld\u0131lar ve tropikal Afrika\u2019n\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde ya\u015fad\u0131lar. \u015eimdiye kadar, t\u00fcrler aras\u0131ndaki gen ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 Kongo Nehri\u2019nin co\u011frafyay\u0131 fiziksel olarak ikiye ay\u0131rmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131z olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nceki \u015fempanze ve bonobo aras\u0131ndaki ana ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerdeki d\u00f6rt \u015fempanze alt t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulad\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ayr\u0131ca \u015fempanze ve bonobo pop\u00fclasyonlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki iki ek gen ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olay\u0131n\u0131 buldular; en az\u0131ndan baz\u0131 \u015fempanze ya da bonobolar nehirde kendi yolunu bulmu\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n<p>Sanger Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden Dr Yali Xue \u015fu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 yapt\u0131: \u201cMerkezdeki ve do\u011fudaki \u015fempanzelerin di\u011fer \u015fempanze alt t\u00fcrlerine oranla bonobolarla \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha fazla genetik materyal payla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffettik. Bu \u015fempanzeler genlerinin en az y\u00fczde 1\u2019ini bonobolardan alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu, a\u00e7\u0131k bir ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; ilk ayr\u0131\u015fman\u0131n, t\u00fcrler aras\u0131ndaki kar\u0131\u015fman\u0131n rastlant\u0131sal b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeleri taraf\u0131ndan takip edildi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada \u0130spanya, Kopenhag Hayvanat Bah\u00e7esi ve Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar da yer al\u0131yor. Yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar 550- 200 biny\u0131l \u00f6nce ve yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 150 biny\u0131l \u00f6nce iki kez, bir temas\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi en az iki faz\u0131n oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n<p>Barselona\u2019daki Pompeu Fabra \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 Biyolojik Evrim Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olan ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n y\u00f6neticisi Dr. Tom\u00e0s Marqu\u00e8s-Bonet \u015fu a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 yapt\u0131: \u201cBu, insana en yak\u0131n ya\u015fayan t\u00fcrler olan \u015fempanzelerin ve bonobolar aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan antik gen ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olay\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karan ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131r. Bu, yak\u0131n t\u00fcrler aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7iftle\u015fmenin asl\u0131nda insanlar\u0131n ve ya\u015fayan maymunlar\u0131n atalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131n oldu\u011funu da do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00c7eviren:<\/strong> <strong>B\u00fcnyamin Tan<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Mimar Sinan G\u00fczel Sanatlar \u00dcniv. Klasik T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131 YL<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaynak:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2016\/10\/161027142434.htm\">https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2016\/10\/161027142434.htm<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>G\u00f6rsel a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131: Bonobolar. \u00a9 Uryadnikov Sergey \/ Fotolia &nbsp; Biliminsanlar\u0131 insan atas\u0131yla Neanderthallerin kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na paralel bir duruma, \u00a0insan\u0131n en yak\u0131n akrabalar\u0131 olan \u015fempanzelerde de rastlad\u0131. \u0130lk defa, \u015fempanzeler ve bonobolar aras\u0131ndaki antik gen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ortaya kondu. Wellcome Trust Sanger Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ve di\u011fer uluslararas\u0131 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n Science dergisinde yay\u0131mlad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, \u015fempanze genomlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 1\u2019inin bonobolardan geldi\u011fini [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6499,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6497","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","category-biyoloji"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6497","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6497"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6497\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6497"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6497"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6497"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}