{"id":65818,"date":"2025-09-01T00:00:09","date_gmt":"2025-08-31T21:00:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=65818"},"modified":"2025-08-30T22:46:24","modified_gmt":"2025-08-30T19:46:24","slug":"gezegenimiz-minik-adimlarla-bezeli-karincalarin-dunyasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2025\/09\/01\/gezegenimiz-minik-adimlarla-bezeli-karincalarin-dunyasi","title":{"rendered":"Gezegenimiz minik ad\u0131mlarla bezeli: Kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n D\u00fcnyas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

G\u00fclseli K\u0131rg\u0131l<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00f6cekbilimci (Entomolog) Anne Sverdrup Thygeson\u2019\u0131n, B\u00f6cekler Gezegeni: Tuhaf Yararl\u0131 ve Hayranl\u0131k Uyand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Dostlar\u0131m\u0131z \u00dczerine<\/em> kitab\u0131nda dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi gibi \u201cG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 200 milyondan fazla b\u00f6cek d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Siz yerinize oturmu\u015f bu c\u00fcmleyi okurken, d\u00fcnyada bir ila on trilyon aras\u0131 bir say\u0131da b\u00f6cek ortal\u0131kta gezinir, s\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcr ve p\u0131r p\u0131r eder\u2026 Sevseniz de sevmeseniz de d\u00f6rt yan\u0131n\u0131z b\u00f6ceklerle \u00e7evrili. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc asl\u0131nda d\u00fcnyam\u0131z bir b\u00f6cek gezegeni!\u201d<\/p>\n

Etraf\u0131m\u0131z b\u00f6ceklerle sar\u0131l\u0131 ve fakat \u00e7o\u011funu tan\u0131m\u0131yor, onlara k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan korkular\u0131m\u0131zla yakla\u015f\u0131yor ve hatta yakla\u015fmamay\u0131 tercih ediyoruz. Tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u015feylere kar\u015f\u0131 mesafeli olmaya ve daha kat\u0131 yakla\u015fmaya meyilli bir t\u00fcr olarak, evrimsel ge\u00e7mi\u015fimizde ayn\u0131 alanlar\u0131 payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu minik canl\u0131lar\u0131 kendimize in\u015fa etti\u011fimiz metal kulelerden uzak tutmay\u0131 se\u00e7iyoruz. Fakat ya tan\u0131rsak onlar\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n

Edward O. Wilson, kitab\u0131nda, insanlar taraf\u0131ndan biraz daha tan\u0131nan, sevilen ve sempati duyulan bir b\u00f6cek grubuna, kar\u0131ncalara odaklan\u0131yor ve bize kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitliliklerini, biyolojilerini, ekolojilerini, ilgin\u00e7 buldu\u011fumuz ve fakat kar\u0131ncalar taraf\u0131ndan milyonlarca y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131, \u00f6zetle gezegenimizde b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 minik izleri anlat\u0131yor. T\u00fcm bu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 ve di\u011fer anlat\u0131lar\u0131, olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli birinden, ekoloji alan\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131larla tan\u0131nan bir mirmekolo\u011fun kaleminden okuyoruz.<\/p>\n

Mirmekoloji, kar\u0131nca ekolojisi olarak bilinmektedir, bu bilimsel disiplin i\u00e7erisinde pek \u00e7ok alt alan bulunur ve bu alanda d\u00fcnya genelinde \u00e7ok\u00e7a \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir. T\u00fcm bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n d\u00fcnyalar\u0131n\u0131n foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekebilmemize, foto\u011frafa yak\u0131ndan bakabilmemize olanak sa\u011flar. Wilson, kitab\u0131nda Aziz B\u00fcy\u00fck Basil\u2019den \u201cGer\u00e7ekten var olan \u015feylerin bilgisiyle \u00f6v\u00fcnen, \u00f6nce bize kar\u0131ncan\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 anlats\u0131n\u201d al\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 yaparak bu sav\u0131 destekleyen mirmekologlar i\u00e7in \u201cd\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki ola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 ortamlar\u0131 ke\u015ffetmi\u015fler, benzersiz zorluklar\u0131n ve fiziksel maceralar\u0131n tad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Kar\u0131nca ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, yaln\u0131zca uzman meslekta\u015flar\u0131na de\u011fil, do\u011fa tarihinin meydan okumalar\u0131na ilgi duyan herkese anlatacak hik\u00e2yeleri vard\u0131r\u201d demi\u015ftir. Mirmekoloji, kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n bazen tuhaf, \u00e7o\u011fu zamanda \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 olan d\u00fcnyalar\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutuyor, mirmekologlar ise bize \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6sterdiklerini anlat\u0131yor. Edward O. Wilson, alan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli temsilcisi olarak bize, kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n kendisinin ya\u015fam\u0131yla da peki\u015fmi\u015f hik\u00e2yesini aktar\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Thygeson\u2019\u0131n belirtti\u011fi gibi b\u00f6ceklerle bezeli bir d\u00fcnyada ya\u015famaktay\u0131z. E. O. Wilson, kitab\u0131nda bu ifadelere \u00f6nemli bir katk\u0131 yap\u0131yor, 2018 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n bir yaz g\u00fcn\u00fcnde kendisi kalemi k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131 al\u0131p yazmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 o anda 15 bin 438 kar\u0131nca t\u00fcr\u00fc tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f durumda ve ke\u015ffedilmeyi bekleyen t\u00fcrlere y\u00f6nelik tahminler de bu say\u0131ya eklendi\u011finde, kar\u0131nca t\u00fcrleri 25 ila 30 bin aras\u0131nda bir say\u0131da gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bu say\u0131, kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n bollu\u011funu de\u011fil, D\u00fcnya genelinde ka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 kar\u0131nca oldu\u011funu, ka\u00e7 tane kar\u0131nca t\u00fcr\u00fcyle ayn\u0131 gezegeni payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6stermekte. Her bir koloninin y\u00fczlerce bireyden olu\u015ftu\u011fu, her t\u00fcr\u00fcn y\u00fczlerce koloni olu\u015fturabilece\u011fi ve Wilson\u2019\u0131n da \u201ckar\u0131ncalar her yerde (neredeyse)\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u0131nca yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 hesaba kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda gezegenimizin, t\u0131pk\u0131 di\u011fer b\u00f6cekler i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu gibi, kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n minik ad\u0131mlar\u0131yla \u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Anlat\u0131larda \u201c\u00e7al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131yla\u201d kendilerine yer bulan bu minik ad\u0131mlar\u0131n ekolojik \u00f6nemleri ise kendileri gibi \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli. \u00d6rne\u011fin, tohum ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131na ve tozla\u015fmaya yapt\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131lar ile kar\u0131ncalar, bitkilerin alanlardaki varl\u0131klar\u0131na, \u00e7e\u015fitliliklerine ve hatta en \u00e7ok da genetik \u00e7e\u015fitliliklerine etki ediyor. Sadece bir y\u00f6n\u00fcyle, sadece bitki materyalleri ile kurduklar\u0131 etkile\u015fimlerde bile kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n kritik \u00f6nemlerini, izlerini g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n evrimsel tarihteki izlerinden, tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bir kar\u0131nca paraziti olan Cordyseps mantarlar\u0131na, tehlike an\u0131nda kar\u0131nca davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan, kar\u0131ncalarda \u00f6l\u00fcme kadar geni\u015f yelpazedeki bilimsel anlat\u0131lara Wilson\u2019\u0131n yolculu\u011fu da e\u015flik ediyor. Edward O. Wilson, 25 farkl\u0131 kar\u0131nca t\u00fcr\u00fcne dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi ba\u015fl\u0131klarda kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n kendi i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyalar\u0131ndaki \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi de g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor. Kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n evrimsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te biriktirdikleri adaptasyonlar, onlar\u0131n \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 \u00f6zelliklere sahip alanlarda ya\u015fayabilmelerini sa\u011flamakta, buna ek olarak, di\u015fi bireylerin hakimiyetinin g\u00f6zlendi\u011fi koloni ya\u015fam\u0131, kar\u0131ncalara ya\u015famsal baz\u0131 avantajlar da sunmakta. T\u00fcm bunlar, kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n olduk\u00e7a ilgin\u00e7 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, y\u00fcksek \u00e7e\u015fitliliklerinin nas\u0131l meydana geldi\u011fine dair ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Wilson kitab\u0131nda bu konular etraf\u0131nda kendi ya\u015fam\u0131nda rastlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, kendi an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n onun ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki izd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc de okura sunuyor.<\/p>\n

Kar\u0131ncalar nas\u0131l ileti\u015fim kurar, kat\u0131 bir \u015fekilde i\u015fleyen sistemlerinin avantajlar\u0131 neler, kaybolmu\u015f bir kar\u0131nca yuvaya nas\u0131l d\u00f6ner, baz\u0131 ilgin\u00e7 \u00f6zellikleriyle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan kar\u0131nca t\u00fcrleri neler ve hatta hangi kar\u0131nca t\u00fcr\u00fc, hangi davran\u0131\u015f\u0131yla birlikte \u00e7evre tarihine ge\u00e7ti gibi sorular\u0131 merak eden, bu canl\u0131lar\u0131 yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131mak isteyen okurun Kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/em> ile tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok isterim.<\/p>\n

Son s\u00f6z\u2026 B\u00fcy\u00fck ekolog, mirmekolog E. O. Wilson\u2019a sayg\u0131, tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 450\u2019den fazla kar\u0131nca t\u00fcr\u00fc ve ekoloji literat\u00fcr\u00fcne kazand\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in minnet, gezegenimizi saran bu minik ad\u0131mlar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 dert edinmi\u015f bir ba\u015fka mirmekolog aday\u0131 olarak benden kendisine \u00e7ok\u00e7a sevgi ile\u2026<\/p>\n

Edward O. Wilson, Kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n D\u00fcnyas\u0131, \u00c7ev. Alp Ako\u011flu, Ko\u00e7 \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G\u00fclseli K\u0131rg\u0131l B\u00f6cekbilimci (Entomolog) Anne Sverdrup Thygeson\u2019\u0131n, B\u00f6cekler Gezegeni: Tuhaf Yararl\u0131 ve Hayranl\u0131k Uyand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Dostlar\u0131m\u0131z \u00dczerine kitab\u0131nda dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi gibi \u201cG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 200 milyondan fazla b\u00f6cek d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Siz yerinize oturmu\u015f bu c\u00fcmleyi okurken, d\u00fcnyada bir ila on trilyon aras\u0131 bir say\u0131da b\u00f6cek ortal\u0131kta gezinir, s\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcr ve p\u0131r p\u0131r eder\u2026 Sevseniz de sevmeseniz de d\u00f6rt […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1390,"featured_media":65819,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10263,38,513,510,511],"tags":[6041,10175,10249],"class_list":["post-65818","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-257-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-kitapcil","category-surekli-bolumler","category-yayin-dunyasi","tag-gulseli-kirgil","tag-karincalarin-dunyasi","tag-koc-universitesi-yayinlari"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t