{"id":66025,"date":"2025-10-01T00:00:26","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T21:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=66025"},"modified":"2025-09-29T16:45:22","modified_gmt":"2025-09-29T13:45:22","slug":"cok-uzak-fazla-yakin-maymundan-insana-insanlik-tarihi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2025\/10\/01\/cok-uzak-fazla-yakin-maymundan-insana-insanlik-tarihi","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ok uzak, fazla yak\u0131n:  Maymundan \u0130nsana \u0130nsanl\u0131k Tarihi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>I\u015f\u0131l K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Arkada\u015flar de\u011fi\u015fiyor, konular \u00e7e\u015fitleniyor, ama sohbetlerin sonu hep ayn\u0131 d\u00f6ng\u00fcde bir s\u00fcredir. Evet, d\u00fcnyaya bir kere geldik, evet, boz bulan\u0131k bir gelece\u011fin kayg\u0131s\u0131yla ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hissediyoruz. Evet, ne\u015feden pay\u0131n\u0131 almak, yar\u0131na ferahl\u0131kla bakabilmek, bir di\u011ferine e\u015fit oldu\u011funu bilmek her insan\u0131n hakk\u0131 olmal\u0131. Serzeni\u015fler hakl\u0131 olsa da neler ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za dair hat\u0131rlatmalardan bu \u00e7a\u011f ile lanetlenmi\u015f insanl\u0131\u011fa ac\u0131maya do\u011fru ilerleyen sonlar\u0131n y\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na hak vermekte zorlan\u0131yorum. \u015eu \u201cba\u015f\u0131m\u0131za gelenler\u201d parantezinin kapanmak bilmeyi\u015fini anlamland\u0131ram\u0131yorum san\u0131r\u0131m. Sahiden d\u00fcnyan\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc bu \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n insan\u0131 \u00e7ekiyor olabilir mi? 300.000 y\u0131ld\u0131r buraday\u0131z ve di\u011fer t\u00fcrlerin aksine, uzun yolculu\u011fumuzun sonunda \u201ctek\u201diz. Yaln\u0131zca buraya odakland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda dahi, ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131za o zamanlarda da \u00e7ok fazla \u015fey gelmi\u015f oldu\u011fu a\u015fik\u00e2r ama d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye devam edelim elbette.<\/p>\n<p>Hatta bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi ku\u015faklar\u0131 alfabede \u00e7\u0131nlatmay\u0131 pek seven yeti\u015fkinlerin bir yandan benmerkezciliklerini, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortak de\u011ferlerinden uzakla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131yas\u0131ya ele\u015ftirip di\u011fer yandan gelece\u011fe dair t\u00fcm umudu ve o umudu yaratma \u00f6devini omuzlar\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131verdi\u011fi gen\u00e7li\u011fin birikimi, dili, kavray\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ilerletirsek neler g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz acaba? D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi sistematik hale getirmek i\u00e7in Engholm ve Bj\u00f6rnstjerna\u2019ya, <em>Maymundan \u0130nsana \u0130nsanl\u0131k Tarihi<\/em>\u2019nin sayfalar\u0131na d\u00f6nmeyi se\u00e7iyorum ben. Yolculu\u011fun en ba\u015f\u0131na do\u011fru gidelim; ka\u00e7t\u0131k, kovaland\u0131k, yakaland\u0131k, avd\u0131k. Durum sahiden umutsuz gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor, de\u011fil mi? Az\u0131c\u0131k ileri do\u011fru ad\u0131mlayal\u0131m \u00f6yleyse. A\u011fa\u00e7lardan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 inip iki ayak \u00fczerinde dikilince, kafam\u0131z bize hayli a\u011f\u0131r gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131 &#8211; evet, uzun s\u00fcre\u00a0bilgisayar ya da telefon kullan\u0131nca boynumuza saplan\u0131veren a\u011fr\u0131da izini bulabilece\u011fimiz o a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k. Ama kal\u00e7am\u0131z, kafatas\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n aksine, darald\u0131k\u00e7a darald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, anne ve bebekler i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fcm riski de artt\u0131. Bazen de ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131za b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015feyler gelmesine gerek yoktu, ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yeterince b\u00fcy\u00fck bir dertti&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Pandemi, ekonomik krizler, pop\u00fclist sa\u011f siyasetin t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve di\u011ferleri kadar y\u00fcksek sesli yank\u0131 bulamayan soyk\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131, i\u015fgaller&#8230; Saya saya bir elin parma\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6teye gidilemeyen ve a\u00e7\u0131k ki hepsi birbiriyle ili\u015fkili bu \u201cba\u015f\u0131m\u0131za gelenler\u201d listelerinin gelece\u011fini bir ayna gibi berrak g\u00f6rmek isteyen insan\u0131n umutsuzlu\u011fa s\u00fcr\u00fcklemesinde \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olan bir \u015fey yok ama devam edelim sormaya, kitap rehberli\u011finde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye. A\u00e7t\u0131k, de\u011fi\u015fen bedenimizin gereksinimlerine ayak uydurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorduk, ya\u015fam kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmek kolay de\u011fildi. Say\u0131m\u0131z da \u00e7ok de\u011fildi, Engholm\u2019\u00fcn \u00f6zetiyle, 150.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki say\u0131m\u0131z, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Stockholm\u2019\u00fcn n\u00fcfusu kadard\u0131. Durum h\u00e2l\u00e2 pek umutlu de\u011fil gibi&#8230; Ama anlam\u0131 o g\u00fcn bilinmese de i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve dayan\u0131\u015fma hayat kurtard\u0131, hayat kurdu &#8211; hep \u00f6yle olur. Yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k da kayna\u011f\u0131 at\u00f6lyelerde aranan, \u201ckendine \u00f6zg\u00fc\u201dl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kutsanan bir \u015fey de\u011filken hen\u00fcz, korunma, bak\u0131m, yemek ihtiyac\u0131na birlikte yan\u0131t \u00fcretmenin; aletler yapman\u0131n, kendini ifade yollar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmenin, ke\u015ffetmesiyle, uygarl\u0131klar kurman\u0131n; ya\u015fam\u0131 ye\u015fertmenin arac\u0131yd\u0131. Yaln\u0131zca \u00f6yk\u00fclerimizin sabit mek\u00e2n\u0131 olmakla kalmay\u0131p bize bir gelecek fikri, tarih kurgusu da arma\u011fan eden yerle\u015fik k\u00fclt\u00fcre ge\u00e7mek, umutlu bir durak gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de oraya ad\u0131mlayana dek ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131za gelmeyen kalmad\u0131 asl\u0131nda. Ho\u015f, sonras\u0131nda da dikensiz g\u00fcl bah\u00e7elerinde gezinmedi insanl\u0131k. Ya\u015f\u0131m engel olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsa da \u201cboomer\u201d yaftam bana az \u00f6teden g\u00f6z k\u0131rparken, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir ucundaki kasaban\u0131n haritas\u0131na birka\u00e7 tu\u015fla eri\u015febilen insan\u0131n -hakl\u0131 ama abart\u0131l\u0131- umutsuzlu\u011funu, tarihin bir yerlerinde, zihninde nehrin ve nehir k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki aslan yataklar\u0131n\u0131n haritas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7abalayan insan\u0131n -o zaman ad\u0131n\u0131 koyamam\u0131\u015f olsa da- b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorunun \u00fcstesinden gelmi\u015fli\u011finin gururuyla birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye devam ediyorum. San\u0131r\u0131m durum art\u0131k biraz daha umutlu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor, beyni iyice geli\u015fen, dili ve haf\u0131zas\u0131 zenginle\u015fmeye ba\u015flayan insan i\u00e7in de bizler i\u00e7in de&#8230; Sonras\u0131nda \u015fimdi ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bir dolu \u015feyi de \u201cke\u015ffettik\u201d, anlat\u0131 yaratma yetene\u011fimizi\u00a0toplumsal hayat\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen kurallara kudret atamak i\u00e7in kullanmasak daha ho\u015f olabilirdi tabii ama ne gelir elden? Ektik, diktik, didindik ama ekini \u00e7itleyince b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fti i\u015fler; devrinin muktedirine pay verdik, sonra yeri geldi vergi, yeri geldi can. O kadarla da kalmad\u0131, topraklar, k\u0131talar ke\u015ffettik, derken insan\u0131n insana kullu\u011funu. Fikirler geli\u015fti, sesler \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131, ama her devirde \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 kendi sesinin en y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen biri. \u00dcst\u00fcnde k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n sallan\u0131p durdu\u011fu ba\u015flar\u0131m\u0131za yine pek iyi \u015feyler gelmemi\u015f gibi san\u0131r\u0131m&#8230; Yeni aletler ke\u015ffettik, bilimlerin temelini att\u0131k, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde ad\u0131mlad\u0131k\u00e7a k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri kayna\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131k, halk devrimleri yapt\u0131k. Ke\u015ffetti\u011fimiz co\u011frafyan\u0131n halklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrd\u00fck, egemenlik ad\u0131na toplu katliamlar yapt\u0131k, beyaz adam\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131mc\u0131 tarihini insanl\u0131k tarihi diye pazarlad\u0131k. Umudu ikinci c\u00fcmleye ge\u00e7erken terk etmedik elbet, hepsini biz yapt\u0131k, hepsi bir arada oldu bunlar\u0131n. Dili, anlat\u0131y\u0131, i\u015faretleri yaratt\u0131k, \u00e7o\u011faltt\u0131k; \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fck, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcrettik, hayatta kalmak ve ba\u015faran olmak i\u00e7in \u00e7abalad\u0131k; arad\u0131k, bulduk, \u00f6\u011frendik ve sonunda buraday\u0131z. Ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131za gelenler diye yak\u0131nmay\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncemize y\u00f6n vermeyi de bu yollarda \u00f6\u011frendik. Yaln\u0131zca i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz zaman nedeniyle de\u011fil, i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7tikleri d\u00f6nem nedeniyle de duygu ve fikirlerini derlemede zorluk \u00e7eken gen\u00e7 okurlarla insanl\u0131k \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye e\u015flik edecek bir kitaptan s\u00f6z etmek istedim t\u00fcm bu sebeplerle.<\/p>\n<p><em>Maymundan \u0130nsana \u0130nsanl\u0131k Tarihi<\/em>\u2019nin, biyolojik geli\u015fime odaklanan ilk ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 evrimi, ke\u015fiflerimizin hayatta kal\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131za etkisinden ilk sanat eserlerimizin ard\u0131ndaki kaynaklara do\u011fru ad\u0131mlayarak anlat\u0131rken, t\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcze ad\u0131n\u0131n ne zaman verildi\u011fi gibi temel sorulara da yak\u0131n tarihli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na da de\u011finiyor. Bili\u015fsel devrimin evrime etkisi, beslenme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc, atlastaki rotalar\u0131m\u0131z, \u015fartlara uyum sa\u011flama bi\u00e7imlerimiz, Engholm\u2019\u00fcn ifadesiyle \u201cevrimin ihanet etti\u011fi di\u011fer hayvanlarla\u201d ili\u015fkilerimiz, di\u011fer insanlarla kurdu\u011fumuz diyaloglar, i\u015fbirli\u011fi deneyimlerimiz, anlat\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ke\u015ffimiz, k\u00fclt\u00fcrleraras\u0131 etkile\u015fimlerimiz, yerle\u015fik hayatla d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen bilgimiz, karikat\u00fcrlerle bezenerek, mizahtan bolca faydalanarak anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. Evet, aniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131veren akrabalar ve dedikodu hep vard\u0131, hatta iklim krizi de! En k\u00f6t\u00fcler, yaln\u0131zca bu \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n insan\u0131n\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7alm\u0131yordu yani&#8230; Ancak kitab\u0131n bu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00fcslubun ak\u0131c\u0131 ritmine ra\u011fmen, benzer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan farkl\u0131 okuma deneyimleri sunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm okurken. Bence kitap, biyolojik geli\u015fmeyi anlamland\u0131rma ve a\u015fina oldu\u011fumuz bedensel \u00f6zelliklerimize kavu\u015ftuktan sonra yap\u0131p ettiklerimizi kavramada derinle\u015ftirdi\u011fi sosyal geli\u015fme b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde, \u00f6zetle evrimi devrimden ay\u0131rmay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda aral\u0131yor yeni meraklar kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131. \u0130lk gen\u00e7lik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 okurlar\u0131 i\u00e7in, yeni seslerin duyuldu\u011fu ba\u015fl\u0131klar buralar. Ekip bi\u00e7meyi \u00f6\u011frenen insan\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131ndan sonras\u0131na bakarken, m\u00fclkiyetin, dinin, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n, iktidar\u0131n anlamlar\u0131na dair -en az\u0131ndan bay\u0131r a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 en gerilere do\u011fru ko\u015fan m\u00fcfredatlara dayal\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fcn e\u011fitim sistemlerine dahil \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in- hayli ele\u015ftirel bak\u0131\u015flar sunuyor. Gen\u00e7 okurlar\u0131n evrimle, bilimle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesi i\u00e7in alanlar a\u00e7mak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ama bilginin, bilimin iktidarla ili\u015fkisini kuramayan anlat\u0131lar\u0131n geni\u015f hacimli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme ve tart\u0131\u015fma pratikleri sunmada yetersiz kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da eklemek gerek. Kitab\u0131n bu ili\u015fkiyi, hayli mizahi bir dille, okurunun g\u00fcndelik deneyimlerine, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birikimlerine seslenerek kurdu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130cat etti, ke\u015ffetti, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc, yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 konu\u015fturdu; kurdu, bozdu, yeniden, yeniden ve yeniden denedi, bazen de kendisine dayat\u0131lan\u0131 reddetti ve bir yenisini in\u015fa etti insan. Neler neler gelmi\u015f ba\u015flar\u0131 ta\u015flara vurmaktan ve gen\u00e7 insanlara geleceklerini ayd\u0131nlatmak i\u00e7in kendi d\u00fcnyalar\u0131na kapan\u0131p \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011f\u00fctleyerek umutsuzluk yaymaktan farkl\u0131 yollar\u0131 da vard\u0131r belki. Olamaz m\u0131? Olabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>-Maymundan \u0130nsana \u0130nsanl\u0131k Tarihi, Bengt-Erik Engholm. Resimleyen: Jonna Bj\u00f6rnstjerna. Dinozor Gen\u00e7. 2025. 176 sayfa.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I\u015f\u0131l K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak Arkada\u015flar de\u011fi\u015fiyor, konular \u00e7e\u015fitleniyor, ama sohbetlerin sonu hep ayn\u0131 d\u00f6ng\u00fcde bir s\u00fcredir. Evet, d\u00fcnyaya bir kere geldik, evet, boz bulan\u0131k bir gelece\u011fin kayg\u0131s\u0131yla ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hissediyoruz. Evet, ne\u015feden pay\u0131n\u0131 almak, yar\u0131na ferahl\u0131kla bakabilmek, bir di\u011ferine e\u015fit oldu\u011funu bilmek her insan\u0131n hakk\u0131 olmal\u0131. Serzeni\u015fler hakl\u0131 olsa da neler ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za dair hat\u0131rlatmalardan bu \u00e7a\u011f ile lanetlenmi\u015f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2739,"featured_media":66026,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10299,38,513,510],"tags":[7217,10312],"class_list":["post-66025","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-258-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-kitapcil","category-surekli-bolumler","tag-isil-kizilirmak","tag-maymundan-insana-insanlik-tarihi"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66025","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2739"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66025"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66025\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/66026"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66025"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66025"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66025"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}