Leman Atalay<\/strong><\/p>\n Stefan Zweig, hem kurgusal hem de tarih\u00ee ki\u015filer \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yorumlarla tan\u0131nan, karakter \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemelerinde derinli\u011fi ve sezgisiyle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan bir yazard\u0131r. Psikolojiye duydu\u011fu yo\u011fun ilgi, onun ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fclerini ve tarih\u00ee portreleri en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ele almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Eserlerinde \u00f6zellikle Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n adaletsizliklerini, ac\u0131mas\u0131z yanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7eli\u015fkilerini ustal\u0131kla dile getirir; okuru yaln\u0131zca olaylar\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131yla de\u011fil, insan ruhunun karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla da kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rak\u0131r.<\/p>\n Zweig, Amerigo<\/em> adl\u0131 eserinde, bug\u00fcn \u201cAmerika\u201d ad\u0131yla and\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z k\u0131tan\u0131n bu isme nas\u0131l kavu\u015ftu\u011funu, inanmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 rastlant\u0131larla \u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc bir \u201cyanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar zinciri\u201d \u00fczerinden aktar\u0131r. Vespucci\u2019nin ya\u015fam\u0131, yazar\u0131n sezgisel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve insan ruhuna duydu\u011fu merak\u0131n en olgun \u00f6rneklerinden biridir. Zweig, Amerigo\u2019yu yaln\u0131zca bir tarih\u00ee fig\u00fcr olarak anlatmakla kalmaz; onun g\u00f6zlemlerini, merak\u0131n\u0131 ve d\u00f6nemin karma\u015fas\u0131nda yolunu bulma \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131 okura ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kristof Kolomb\u2019un k\u0131taya bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve Vespucci\u2019nin sezgisi, tarih\u00ee ironiye en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rnektir: Kolomb, Amerika\u2019ya ayak basm\u0131\u015f ama onu ger\u00e7ekten tan\u0131yamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131; oysa Vespucci, bizzat ke\u015ffetmemi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen buran\u0131n yepyeni bir k\u0131ta oldu\u011funu kavram\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Tarih, bazen en beklenmedik oyuncular\u0131n elinde \u015fekillenir; ger\u00e7ek ke\u015fif, yaln\u0131zca aya basmak de\u011fil, olan\u0131 anlamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Vespucci, 1499\u2019daki seyahat raporunu temel alarak, biri 1497\u2019ye, di\u011feri 1499\u2019a aitmi\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen iki ayr\u0131 yolculuk hik\u00e2yesi kurgular. Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fczenlemenin, onu y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca \u201cyalanc\u0131\u201d ve \u201csahtek\u00e2r\u201d olarak an\u0131lacak biri h\u00e2line getirece\u011fini hi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmez. Dahas\u0131, ba\u015fka denizcilere ait mektuplardan ve yaz\u0131lardan ho\u015funa giden ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 da kendi anlat\u0131s\u0131na ekler. Sonunda, ger\u00e7e\u011fin ve uydurman\u0131n birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, tarih\u00e7ilerin uzun y\u0131llar kafa yordu\u011fu ve Amerika\u2019ya ad\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131ran karma\u015f\u0131k kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m, yani \u201ckar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u201d tamamlanm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n Amerigo Vespucci, o yolculu\u011fa yaln\u0131zca bir t\u00fcccar olarak kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa bile, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fte art\u0131k bamba\u015fka bir insand\u0131r. Aylar s\u00fcren deniz yolculu\u011fu, onu denizcili\u011fin inceliklerine h\u00e2kim, deneyimli bir g\u00f6zlemciye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Keskin zek\u00e2s\u0131, dikkatli bak\u0131\u015f\u0131, hesap konusundaki becerisi ve ke\u015ffetme merak\u0131 sayesinde k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede kendini geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Art\u0131k yaln\u0131zca ticaret yapan biri de\u011fil, haritalar \u00e7izebilen, denizleri okuyabilen ve s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7en bir deniz insan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Vespucci asl\u0131nda s\u0131radan bir insand\u0131. Ne Amerika\u2019n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek k\u00e2\u015fifi ne de \u201cD\u00fcnyay\u0131 geni\u015fleten adam\u201dd\u0131. Ama y\u0131llar boyunca \u00fczerine yap\u0131\u015fan \u201cyalanc\u0131\u201d ya da \u201csahtek\u00e2r\u201d su\u00e7lamalar\u0131n\u0131 hak etmiyordu. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, usta bir yazar ya da derin bilgeli\u011fe sahip bir bilgin de\u011fildi; yaln\u0131zca \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n heyecan\u0131na kap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, merakl\u0131 bir insand\u0131. Belki kalemi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc de\u011fildi, ama ad\u0131 tarihin tuhaf oyunlar\u0131 sayesinde, hi\u00e7 ummad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczle\u015fti.<\/p>\n Stefan Zweig\u2019in Amerigo<\/em>\u2019su, Vespucci\u2019nin bu yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lmalarla \u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc hayat hik\u00e2yesini incelikle ele al\u0131r. Yazar, do\u011frudan ke\u015fiflere ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n 1000\u2019li y\u0131llardan itibaren ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc resmeder. Ard\u0131ndan 1400\u2019lere gelindi\u011finde, Kolomb\u2019un fark edemedi\u011fi bir ger\u00e7e\u011fi Vespucci\u2019nin sezmesiyle ba\u015flayan \u00e7eli\u015fkiler zincirini anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n Zweig\u2019in \u00e7izdi\u011fi tabloda, Vespucci ne kahramand\u0131r ne de hain. O, sadece kendi d\u00f6neminin karma\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7e\u011fi arayan bir g\u00f6zlemcidir. Tarih onu bir \u201cke\u015fif\u00e7inin\u201d yerine koymu\u015f, sonra ayn\u0131 h\u0131zla \u201cyalanc\u0131\u201d ilan etmi\u015ftir. Oysa o, yaln\u0131zca kendi g\u00f6zlemlerini ve duyduklar\u0131n\u0131 kaleme alan bir insand\u0131.<\/p>\n Zweig, bu karma\u015f\u0131k hik\u00e2ye \u00fczerinden tarihin k\u0131r\u0131lgan do\u011fas\u0131na i\u015faret eder. Kaynaklar\u0131n g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi, belgelerin de\u011fi\u015febilirli\u011fi ve \u201chakikat\u201d denilen \u015feyin \u00e7o\u011fu zaman g\u00fc\u00e7 sahipleri taraf\u0131ndan \u015fekillendirildi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Napoleon\u2019un \u201cTarih, kazananlar\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feydir\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc de bu ba\u011flamda anlam kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n Sonu\u00e7 olarak Amerigo<\/em>, yaln\u0131zca bir biyografi de\u011fildir; tarihin yan\u0131lg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, insan\u0131n h\u0131rs ve tesad\u00fcflerle \u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc yazg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 anlatan, okuru hem d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye hem de olaylar\u0131n ard\u0131ndaki insan\u0131 anlamaya davet eden bir ba\u015fyap\u0131tt\u0131r. Vespucci\u2019nin ya\u015fam\u0131 ve Zweig\u2019in kalemi, ge\u00e7mi\u015fi yaln\u0131zca anlatmakla kalmaz; insan ruhunun karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve tarihin tuhaf oyunlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serer.<\/p>\n -Amerigo Tarihsel Bir Yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Hik\u00e2yesi, Stefan Zweig, Can Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 104 s.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Leman Atalay Stefan Zweig, hem kurgusal hem de tarih\u00ee ki\u015filer \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yorumlarla tan\u0131nan, karakter \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemelerinde derinli\u011fi ve sezgisiyle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan bir yazard\u0131r. Psikolojiye duydu\u011fu yo\u011fun ilgi, onun ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fclerini ve tarih\u00ee portreleri en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ele almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Eserlerinde \u00f6zellikle Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n adaletsizliklerini, ac\u0131mas\u0131z yanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7eli\u015fkilerini ustal\u0131kla dile getirir; okuru yaln\u0131zca olaylar\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131yla de\u011fil, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4405,"featured_media":66258,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10325,38,513,510,511],"tags":[10340,9851,10095],"class_list":["post-66257","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-259-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-kitapcil","category-surekli-bolumler","category-yayin-dunyasi","tag-amerigo-tarihsel-bir-yanlisligin-hikayesi","tag-leman-atalay","tag-stefan-zweig"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66257","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4405"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66257"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66257\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/66258"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66257"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66257"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66257"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}