{"id":66733,"date":"2025-12-30T20:50:34","date_gmt":"2025-12-30T17:50:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=66733"},"modified":"2025-12-30T20:51:10","modified_gmt":"2025-12-30T17:51:10","slug":"biri-hicbiri-binlercesi-toplumun-aynasinda-kayip-benlik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2025\/12\/30\/biri-hicbiri-binlercesi-toplumun-aynasinda-kayip-benlik","title":{"rendered":"Biri, Hi\u00e7biri, Binlercesi: \u2018Toplumun aynas\u0131nda kay\u0131p benlik\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

Leman Atalay<\/strong><\/p>\n

Luigi Pirandello (1867-1936), modern insan\u0131n kimlik ve ger\u00e7eklik alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sorgulayan \u00f6nemli bir yazard\u0131r. Sicilya\u2019da ba\u015flayan ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca, insan\u0131n kendi benli\u011fini nas\u0131l olu\u015fturdu\u011funu ve toplumun bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla bunun nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015febilece\u011fini ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kitap, insan\u0131n tek bir \u201cben\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc benli\u011finin asl\u0131nda ne kadar k\u0131r\u0131lgan ve par\u00e7al\u0131 olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. 1934 y\u0131l\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Nobel Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc, bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131nda b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkinin bir g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n

Biri, Hi\u00e7biri, Binlercesi<\/em>, Pirandello\u2019nun kimlik konusundaki b\u00fct\u00fcn aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n kristalize oldu\u011fu bir romand\u0131r. Yaln\u0131zca bir adam\u0131n kendi y\u00fcz\u00fcyle ve toplumun ona bi\u00e7ti\u011fi y\u00fczlerle hesapla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 anlatmaz; ayn\u0131 zamanda insan\u0131n kendine dair en temel kabullerinin nas\u0131l bir anda alt\u00fcst olabilece\u011fine dair g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir metindir. Pirandello, bu romanda kimli\u011fi sabit bir \u00f6z olarak de\u011fil, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n zihninde \u00e7o\u011falan say\u0131s\u0131z yans\u0131madan olu\u015fan de\u011fi\u015fken bir yap\u0131 olarak sunar. B\u00f6ylece okura, kendi benli\u011fine dair sorgulamay\u0131 yeniden ba\u015flatan sars\u0131c\u0131 bir kap\u0131 a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

Bu yazar\u0131 ilk kez bu eserle tan\u0131d\u0131m. Bir kitab\u0131n yazar\u0131na dair bilgileri genellikle en sona b\u0131rak\u0131r\u0131m; sat\u0131rlar aras\u0131nda yazar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131na ve ki\u015fili\u011fine dair ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 aramak, okurken zihnimde sessiz bir merak uyand\u0131r\u0131r. Yarat\u0131\u011f\u0131 karakterler ve \u00f6zellikle Moscarda, yazar\u0131n s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyordu.<\/p>\n

Vitangelo Moscarda\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcm hayat\u0131, kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00fcn ona y\u00f6neltti\u011fi ve burnundaki e\u011frili\u011fe de\u011findi\u011fi basit bir soru sayesinde alt\u00fcst olur. \u00d6nemsiz gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bu s\u00f6z, karakterin kendi kimli\u011fini sorgulamas\u0131na yol a\u00e7acak bir k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n

Luigi Pirandello\u2019nun Biri, Hi\u00e7biri, Binlercesi<\/em> roman\u0131, insan\u0131n kendisine ait sand\u0131\u011f\u0131 en temel duygular\u0131 yerinden oynatan bir yap\u0131ya sahip. Kitab\u0131 okurken, bir insan\u0131n kendine dair en s\u0131radan kabul\u00fc bile ne kadar kolay \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebiliyorsa, toplumun kurdu\u011fu benlik b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn de ayn\u0131 derecede kaygan bir zemine basmakta oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmek ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz h\u00e2le geliyor. Moscarda\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fey, asl\u0131nda hepimizin i\u00e7inde bir yerlerde sessizce duran bir ku\u015fkunun ete kemi\u011fe b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f h\u00e2li: Ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n zihninde dola\u015fan h\u00e2limiz, kendimize anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z hik\u00e2yeden ne kadar farkl\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n

Roman\u0131 okurken en \u00e7ok \u015fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi takip ettim: \u0130nsan kendisini tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fck\u00e7e, toplumun ona b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 izleri daha da g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez k\u0131l\u0131yor. Oysa kim oldu\u011fumuz, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman kendi i\u00e7 sesimizden de\u011fil, \u00e7evremizde dola\u015fan sessiz onaylardan, bak\u0131\u015flardan, beklentilerden \u015fekilleniyor. Bir insan\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fcne s\u00f6ylenen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck bir kelime, y\u0131llard\u0131r kurdu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131y\u0131 yerinden oynatabiliyor. Pirandello\u2019nun hik\u00e2yesi, kimli\u011fin i\u00e7erden de\u011fil, s\u00fcrekli d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan dokunan bir doku oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Moscarda\u2019n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 durum ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir trajedi de\u011fil. Tam tersine, g\u00fcndelik hayat\u0131n en s\u0131radan anlar\u0131nda rastlanabilecek t\u00fcrden bir kopu\u015f. Bir insan\u0131n, hi\u00e7 beklemedi\u011fi bir anda, kendisine bi\u00e7ilen rollerle kendi i\u00e7indeki sessiz ben aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 fark etmesi kadar s\u0131radan ve bir o kadar rahats\u0131z edici. \u00c7o\u011fumuz, bu fark\u0131 sezsek bile g\u00f6rmezden gelmeyi se\u00e7iyoruz. Pirandello ise o g\u00f6rmezden gelinen yar\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcyor; \u00f6yle ki, okur art\u0131k geri ad\u0131m atamayacak kadar i\u00e7eri \u00e7ekiliyor.<\/p>\n

Roman\u0131n beni en \u00e7ok tutan yan\u0131, kimli\u011fi tek bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve i\u00e7ine hapseden her yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yerinden s\u00f6kmesi. Moscarda\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme, onun da sand\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bir y\u0131k\u0131m de\u011fil asl\u0131nda; uzun zamand\u0131r biriktirdi\u011fi kabulleri bir kenara b\u0131rakabilme cesaretinin ilk ad\u0131m\u0131. \u0130nsan, kendini ele avuca s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n zihinlerinde beliren g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc \u00e7ok daha par\u00e7al\u0131 ve tutars\u0131z bir h\u00e2l al\u0131yor. Bu par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f h\u00e2ller, zamanla insan\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini belirleyen g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez s\u0131n\u0131rlar gibi i\u015fliyor.<\/p>\n

Toplumun alg\u0131s\u0131, insan\u0131n kendisini kurdu\u011fu en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ayna. Fakat ayn\u0131 zamanda en g\u00fcvenilmez olan\u0131 da. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o aynada g\u00f6r\u00fcnen, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman insan\u0131n de\u011fil, \u00fczerine y\u00fcklenen beklentilerin yans\u0131mas\u0131. Roman ilerledik\u00e7e, okur kendi kimli\u011finin nerelerde ba\u015fkalar\u0131nca \u00e7izildi\u011fini fark etmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor.\u00a0 Yazar burada yaln\u0131zca insan\u0131n toplum i\u00e7indeki yerini incelemiyor; ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n kimli\u011fi nas\u0131l bi\u00e7imlendirdi\u011fini de g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor. Pirandello, insanlar\u0131n birbirine nas\u0131l bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ki\u015fili\u011fi ne denli etkiledi\u011fini \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6steriyor. Sanki \u015funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor: \u201cKendimize ait sand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u015feylerin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131, asl\u0131nda ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n elindedir.\u201d<\/p>\n

Bu noktada roman\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 felsefi k\u0131r\u0131lma belirginle\u015fiyor. Kimli\u011fin sabit bir merkez de\u011fil, ili\u015fkilerin, s\u00f6zlerin, temaslar\u0131n i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mesiyle olu\u015fan bir ak\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu hissettiriyor. Ki\u015fi, bu ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n i\u00e7inde hem bir yere tutunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor hem de her yeni etkile\u015fimde biraz daha d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Kim oldu\u011fumuz sorusu bu nedenle, cevaba yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z anda bizden uzakla\u015fan, kendini s\u00fcrekli yeniden \u00fcreten bir soruya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Pirandello\u2019nun bize d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrtmek istedi\u011fi \u015fey asl\u0131nda bir uyar\u0131 niteli\u011finde: Kendimizle ilgili bildiklerimiz ne kadar sa\u011flam g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrse g\u00f6r\u00fcns\u00fcn, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n zihninde dola\u015fan binlerce versiyonumuzla k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hepsi bir anda bulan\u0131kla\u015fabilir. Bu da yaln\u0131zca bireysel bir sars\u0131nt\u0131 de\u011fil, insan\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen b\u00fct\u00fcn ili\u015fkilerin yeniden okunmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an bir k\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131r. Yazar, kimlik \u00fczerine b\u00fcy\u00fck iddialarda bulunmuyor; aksine, okurun kendi \u00fczerine biraz daha dikkatle bakmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak kadar incelikli bir y\u00fczle\u015fme alan\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Sonunda roman, insan\u0131n kendi aynas\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rmak i\u00e7in de\u011fil, o aynan\u0131n hangi eller taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7izildi\u011fini anlamak i\u00e7in okunmas\u0131 gereken bir metne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Kimlik, tek bir cevaba ba\u011flanamayacak kadar geni\u015f, \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 ve hareketli bir d\u00fcnya. Pirandello\u2019nun sesi, bu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 usulca aralayan bir hat\u0131rlatma gibi: Kendini bilmek, yaln\u0131zca i\u00e7e bakmakla de\u011fil; d\u0131\u015far\u0131da, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zlerinde \u00e7o\u011falan yans\u0131malar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 da fark etmekle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>-Biri, Hi\u00e7biri, Binlercesi, Luigi Pirandello, \u0130thaki Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2021.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Leman Atalay Luigi Pirandello (1867-1936), modern insan\u0131n kimlik ve ger\u00e7eklik alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sorgulayan \u00f6nemli bir yazard\u0131r. Sicilya\u2019da ba\u015flayan ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca, insan\u0131n kendi benli\u011fini nas\u0131l olu\u015fturdu\u011funu ve toplumun bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla bunun nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015febilece\u011fini ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kitap, insan\u0131n tek bir \u201cben\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc benli\u011finin asl\u0131nda ne kadar k\u0131r\u0131lgan ve par\u00e7al\u0131 olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. 1934 y\u0131l\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Nobel Edebiyat […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4405,"featured_media":66734,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10376,38,513,510,511],"tags":[10393,10391,10392,7671,10394],"class_list":["post-66733","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-261-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-kitapcil","category-surekli-bolumler","category-yayin-dunyasi","tag-binlercesi","tag-biri","tag-hicbiri","tag-ithaki-yayinlari","tag-luigi-pirandello"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66733","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4405"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66733"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66733\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66735,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66733\/revisions\/66735"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/66734"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66733"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66733"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66733"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}