{"id":67377,"date":"2026-03-27T09:01:52","date_gmt":"2026-03-27T06:01:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=67377"},"modified":"2026-03-27T09:01:52","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T06:01:52","slug":"savasin-kulturel-ve-tarihsel-boyutu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2026\/03\/27\/savasin-kulturel-ve-tarihsel-boyutu","title":{"rendered":"Sava\u015f\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve tarihsel boyutu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ender Helvac\u0131o\u011flu<\/strong><\/p>\n

ABD-\u0130srail\u2019in \u0130ran\u2019a sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015flayan sava\u015f, s\u0131radan bir sava\u015f gibi g\u00f6z\u00fckm\u00fcyor. D\u00fcnya tarihinde belki de y\u0131llar sonra d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olarak nitelendirilebilecek bir sava\u015f\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. ABD-\u0130srail\u2019in t\u00fcm g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle \u00e7ullanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n sa\u011flam direni\u015fi sava\u015fa b\u00f6yle bir nitelik kazand\u0131r\u0131yor. Tarih belki bu sava\u015f\u0131 (Rusya-Ukrayna cephesi ile birlikte) \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak yazacak. Belki de kendi stratejik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ze alan s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n ve devletlerinin bu giri\u015fimine dur demenin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak. Yani \u0130ran t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya halklar\u0131 ad\u0131na da direnmektedir bug\u00fcn ve bu direni\u015f d\u00fcnya politika sahnesinin gelece\u011fini belirleme potansiyeline sahip.<\/p>\n

Sadece politika da de\u011fil. Sava\u015f, uzad\u0131k\u00e7a, ilgin\u00e7 bi\u00e7imde bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr sava\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor; en az\u0131ndan b\u00f6yle bir boyut ve derinlik kazan\u0131yor. Bir tarafta, Bat\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn en k\u00f6ks\u00fcz devletleri (ABD ve \u0130srail) en pespaye temsilcileriyle (Trump ve Netanyahu) bulunuyor. Bunlar\u0131n Bat\u0131\u2019y\u0131 (ve Bat\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc) temsil edemeyecekleri bi\u00e7iminde bir itiraz gelebilir, ama bug\u00fcn ediyorlar ve \u00e7o\u011fu Bat\u0131 devletini de pe\u015flerine takm\u0131\u015f durumdalar. Kar\u015f\u0131 tarafta ise Do\u011fu k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn en kadim ve se\u00e7kin temsilcileri (Fars ve \u00c7in).<\/p>\n

Yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n, bu sava\u015f\u0131n bir medeniyetler \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 veya bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr sava\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia etmiyorum. Elbette ekonomik (s\u0131n\u0131fsal) \u00e7\u0131karlar, b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel hegemonya talepleri sava\u015f\u0131n esas nedenidir. Ama geni\u015f s\u00fcrece bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda i\u015fin bir de k\u00fclt\u00fcrel boyutu oldu\u011fu, farkl\u0131 uygarl\u0131k ve modernite anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 fark edilebilir. Bu vurgunun \u00f6nemi, gelecekte nas\u0131l bir d\u00fcnya istedi\u011fimizi (veya istemedi\u011fimizi) daha somutla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. Sava\u015flar, \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015flar, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne bu soruyu getirir ve yeni yan\u0131tlar \u00fcretilmesinin yolunu a\u00e7ar. Toz duman da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra toplumlar (hatta art\u0131k t\u00fcm insanl\u0131k) bu a\u011f\u0131r tahribat\u0131 neden ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sorgulamaya ba\u015flarlar ve dersler \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rlar. Sava\u015f, silah, asker biraz geri \u00e7ekilir; tarih, toplumbilim, sanat, edebiyat vb. yeniden hat\u0131rlan\u0131r. Haz\u0131r hen\u00fcz tepemize bombalar ve f\u00fczeler ya\u011fm\u0131yorken bunu yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 ve Do\u011fu\u2019ya ili\u015fkin uygarl\u0131k tarz\u0131 farklar\u0131 \u00e7ok kapsaml\u0131 bir konu; tarihsel derinlik gerektiren bu konuyu \u015fimdilik bir kenara b\u0131rakal\u0131m. Ama iki taraf\u0131n modernite birikimleri aras\u0131ndaki farklara k\u0131saca de\u011finebiliriz.<\/p>\n

Daha \u00f6nce defalarca yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k: Burjuvazi \u00f6nderli\u011finde (el koymas\u0131yla da diyebiliriz) ba\u015flayan ve kapitalist \u00fcretim tarz\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u015fekillenmi\u015f Bat\u0131 modernitesinin temelinde, 1) B\u00fct\u00fcn Amerikal\u0131 yerli topluluklar\u0131n ve uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n soyk\u0131r\u0131ma u\u011frat\u0131larak yok edilmesi ve t\u00fcm zenginliklerinin talan edilerek Avrupa\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131; 2) 1500 y\u0131l \u00f6ncede kalm\u0131\u015f k\u00f6lecili\u011fin hortlat\u0131larak y\u00fczbinlerce Afrikal\u0131n\u0131n \u201chayvanlar gibi\u201d gemilere istif edilerek Amerika\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131; 3) Asyal\u0131 toplumlar\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirilmesi ve zenginliklerine el konulmas\u0131 ve 4) bizzat Avrupa\u2019da \u00e7ocuklar dahil emek\u00e7ilerin yo\u011fun s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc vard\u0131r. Kapitalizm (Bat\u0131 modernitesi), bu g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f vah\u015fetin temelinde y\u00fckselmi\u015f, ilk birikimini b\u00f6yle elde etmi\u015ftir. Kapitalistlere g\u00f6re Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki toplumlar insan olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015flerdir; Avrupal\u0131 emek\u00e7i de kapitalistin k\u00e2r\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak bir s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc nesnesidir.<\/p>\n

Avrupal\u0131 \u00f6n-burjuvazinin hem kendi aristokrasisi hem de Asyal\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck hara\u00e7l\u0131 imparatorluklar\u0131n ticaret yollar\u0131ndaki egemenli\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan bask\u0131lanmas\u0131, farkl\u0131 ve ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yollar aramalar\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131; ba\u015fka \u00e7areleri yoktu. Bu zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve gerili\u011fi a\u015fma h\u0131rs\u0131, Avrupa burjuvazisinin sald\u0131rgan niteli\u011fini de belirledi. Burjuvazi h\u0131rsl\u0131, doyumsuz, kendisi i\u00e7in liberal (\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc), bireyci ve sald\u0131rgan bir s\u0131n\u0131ft\u0131r; karakteri budur. Avrupa\u2019da iktidar\u0131 ele ald\u0131k\u00e7a ve d\u00fcnya hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131 ufkuna ald\u0131k\u00e7a, bu kez birincinin t\u00fcrevi olan ikinci bir niteli\u011fi geli\u015fti: \u201cBen uygar\u0131m, \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fcm, herkes beni takip etmelidir.\u201d Avrupa-merkezcilik ideolojisi b\u00f6yle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve yukarda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z t\u00fcm vah\u015fetin k\u0131l\u0131f\u0131 oldu. \u201cTarihin k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131\u201d Avrupal\u0131lar!<\/p>\n

Gerilikten kaynaklanan h\u0131rs ve sald\u0131rganl\u0131k, \u201cilerilik\u201d iddias\u0131ndan kaynaklanan h\u0131rs ve sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u201cGeri\u201d, \u201cileri\u201dye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc; ama sald\u0131rganl\u0131k baki kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Elbette Bat\u0131 modernitesini sadece bu burjuva sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve vah\u015fetiyle tan\u0131mlayamay\u0131z. B\u00f6yle tan\u0131mlarsak Bat\u0131l\u0131 toplumlara, emek\u00e7ilere haks\u0131zl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f oluruz. Bilimsel Devrimler, R\u00f6nesans, Reform, Ayd\u0131nlanma, materyalist felsefe, demokrasi, insan haklar\u0131, kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, demokratik devrimler, emek\u00e7i haklar\u0131, kad\u0131n haklar\u0131, sosyalizm vb. Bat\u0131 modernitesinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck insanl\u0131k kazan\u0131mlar\u0131d\u0131r. Ama burada kritik nokta \u015fu: Bu olumlu birikim, burjuvazinin de\u011fil, Bat\u0131l\u0131 toplumlar\u0131n, ezilenlerin, k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin, emek\u00e7ilerin \u00f6nce Avrupa aristokrasisine sonra Avrupa burjuvazisine kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fi m\u00fccadelenin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bat\u0131 modernitesinin insanl\u0131\u011fa yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 katk\u0131lar, Bat\u0131l\u0131 egemenlere (\u00f6nce aristokrasi sonra burjuvazi) kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyle olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Bu m\u00fccadele zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda burjuvazinin nas\u0131l as\u0131l \u00f6z\u00fcne d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bug\u00fcn net olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu modernitesi ise -ister istemez- \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 bir yol izledi. Sadece kendi hara\u00e7l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na (feodalizmine) de\u011fil, Avrupa burjuvazisinin s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fine ve emperyalizmine kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele ile olu\u015ftu bu modernite. Asyal\u0131 toplumlar\u0131n moderniteye ge\u00e7i\u015fleri, anti-emperyalizm ve baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde daha da derinle\u015ferek anti-kapitalizm niteli\u011fi kazand\u0131. Bunun en belirgin ve d\u00fcnyaya halklar\u0131na model olan \u00f6rnekleri Sovyetler Birli\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ve \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019dir. Rus \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ve \u00c7in \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, sadece bir i\u00e7 m\u00fccadeleyle de\u011fil, Avrupal\u0131 ve ABD\u2019li s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilere ve emperyalistlere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele i\u00e7inde y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Do\u011fu modernitesi, Bat\u0131 modernitesinden farkl\u0131 olarak, anti-emperyalist ve baz\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde anti-kapitalist bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015finde -\u00c7in imparatorlu\u011fu, Osmanl\u0131 imparatorlu\u011fu gibi- g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc merkezi-feodal devletlerin bulunmas\u0131, Do\u011fu modernitesinin farkl\u0131 nitelikler kazanmas\u0131nda bir di\u011fer etken. Do\u011fu\u2019da, Bat\u0131\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi h\u0131rsl\u0131 ve sald\u0131rgan bir burjuva s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 olu\u015fmam\u0131\u015f; palazlan\u0131r gibi oldu\u011funda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc feodaller taraf\u0131ndan engellenmi\u015f ve t\u00f6rp\u00fclenmi\u015f. Do\u011fu modernitesi, en az\u0131ndan ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 itibar\u0131yla, aristokrasi ile burjuvazi aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadelenin de\u011fil, aristokrasi ile ezilenler ve emek\u00e7iler aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadelenin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc. Bu da \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ve belirleyici bir farkt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren modernitenin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck merkezi Bat\u0131\u2019dan Do\u011fu\u2019ya, Avrupa\u2019dan Asya\u2019ya kayd\u0131. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin ve Do\u011fu Blokunun da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte, bunun bir zikzak oldu\u011fu Bat\u0131 kapitalizminin yine \u00f6nderli\u011fi ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilan edildi. Fakat b\u00f6yle olmad\u0131. Sosyalizmin geri \u00e7ekilmesi, en \u00e7ok Bat\u0131 \u00fclkelerinde olmak \u00fczere, modernitenin de gerilemesi sonucunu verdi. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n demokratik kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 anlam\u0131nda modernite sahipsiz kald\u0131. Bu sava\u015f, ilgin\u00e7 bir bi\u00e7imde, kimin modernite de\u011ferlerine daha fazla sahip \u00e7\u0131kma potansiyeli oldu\u011funa da yan\u0131t verebilir. Mollalar\u0131n y\u00f6netti\u011fi \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n ABD-\u0130srail sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fi, genel kan\u0131n\u0131n aksine, bir modernite unsuruna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. B\u00fcy\u00fck tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7ler b\u00f6yle beklenmedik yollardan ge\u00e7erek ilerleyebilir; tarihte \u00f6rne\u011fi \u00e7oktur. Mollalar -bu kez bizim taraftan- tarihin k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilirler; rollerini oynay\u0131p sahneden \u00e7ekilebilirler.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcncel ne kadar yak\u0131c\u0131 olursa olsun geni\u015f s\u00fcreci unutmamak gerek. Bu arada ekleyelim: geni\u015f s\u00fcreci her zaman analizin temeline oturtmak Do\u011fu (\u00f6zellikle \u00c7in) k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nde gelen bir niteli\u011fi. Aceleci olmamak, d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131p yenmek yerine, ustal\u0131kla onun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn yollar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6\u015femek bir \u00c7in stratejisi.<\/p>\n

K\u0131sacas\u0131 bu sava\u015fta, \u00f6zetlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve tarihsel arg\u00fcmanlar da alttan alta rol oynamaktad\u0131r. Ya\u015fay\u0131p g\u00f6rece\u011fiz\u2026<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir kamuoyu yoklamas\u0131 yap\u0131lsa ve bu sava\u015fta kimin hakl\u0131 kimin haks\u0131z oldu\u011fu sorulsa acaba nas\u0131l bir sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131kar? Do\u011fu toplumlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sonu\u00e7 \u00e7ok belli, ama tahminim, Bat\u0131l\u0131 toplumlarda da b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda ABD-\u0130srail\u2019in haks\u0131z oldu\u011fu sonucu \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r. Neden? Herkes mollalardan yana m\u0131 oldu? Elbette de\u011fil. Ama herkes ABD ve \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 oldu. Bu kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n gelece\u011fe uzanmak i\u00e7in bug\u00fcn tutunaca\u011f\u0131 dald\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ender Helvac\u0131o\u011flu ABD-\u0130srail\u2019in \u0130ran\u2019a sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015flayan sava\u015f, s\u0131radan bir sava\u015f gibi g\u00f6z\u00fckm\u00fcyor. D\u00fcnya tarihinde belki de y\u0131llar sonra d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olarak nitelendirilebilecek bir sava\u015f\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. ABD-\u0130srail\u2019in t\u00fcm g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle \u00e7ullanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n sa\u011flam direni\u015fi sava\u015fa b\u00f6yle bir nitelik kazand\u0131r\u0131yor. Tarih belki bu sava\u015f\u0131 (Rusya-Ukrayna cephesi ile birlikte) \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak yazacak. Belki de kendi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":493,"featured_media":67378,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,2313],"tags":[9531,5247,10478,10477],"class_list":["post-67377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","category-degirmen","tag-degirmen","tag-ender-helvacioglu","tag-iran-israil-savasi","tag-savasin-kulturel-ve-tarihsel-boyutu"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t