{"id":67496,"date":"2026-03-31T00:00:28","date_gmt":"2026-03-30T21:00:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=67496"},"modified":"2026-03-27T16:20:38","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T13:20:38","slug":"aynalar-tlon-ve-catlaklar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2026\/03\/31\/aynalar-tlon-ve-catlaklar","title":{"rendered":"Aynalar, Tl\u00f6n ve \u00e7atlaklar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nihat Ate\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7eklik, \u201cnesne\u201d dedi\u011fimiz ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, kendi kendine duran \u015fey olmaktan \u00e7ok, ili\u015fkilerden do\u011fan bir olgu: bir sistemin ba\u015fka bir sistemle kurdu\u011fu temas\u0131n i\u00e7inde belirginle\u015fen bir fenomen… Borges bunu Tl\u00f6n\u2019de edebiyatla sezdirir; modern fizik ise ayn\u0131 sezgiyi matematikle s\u0131nava sokar. Bu yaz\u0131da, \u201cg\u00f6zlemci\u201d meselesini aynalardan ba\u015flay\u0131p simetri k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na kadar ta\u015f\u0131yarak tek bir iddiay\u0131 anlatmay\u0131 deniyorum; evreni \u201cger\u00e7ek\u201d yapan \u015fey m\u00fckemmellik de\u011fil \u00e7atlaklar.<\/p>\n

Borges\u2019in korkusu
\n<\/strong>Jorge Luis Borges, aynalardan korkard\u0131. \u00c7ocuklu\u011funda yatak odas\u0131ndaki o b\u00fcy\u00fck aynan\u0131n, yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feyleri kendi iradesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirmesinden de\u011fil; tam tersine, onlar\u0131 sonsuz bir sadakatle, canavarca bir simetriyle \u00e7o\u011faltmas\u0131ndan \u00fcrperirdi. \u201cAynalar ve babal\u0131k i\u011fren\u00e7tir\u201d derdi; \u201cTl\u00f6n, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius\u201d \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnde, \u201c\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc evreni \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131p da\u011f\u0131t\u0131rlar.\u201d Borges i\u00e7in simetri, huzur de\u011fil, bir k\u00e2bustu; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kusursuz simetri, \u201cyeni\u201dnin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, her \u015feyin birbirinin sonsuz tekrar\u0131 oldu\u011fu k\u0131s\u0131r bir d\u00f6ng\u00fcyd\u00fc. Peki evren? O da devasa bir ayna m\u0131yd\u0131, yoksa o aynay\u0131 k\u0131ran bir \u201cg\u00f6zlemciye\u201d mi muhta\u00e7t\u0131?<\/p>\n

Bu sorunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 Borges\u2019in en sars\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fclerinden biri olan \u201cTl\u00f6n, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius\u201dta arayal\u0131m. \u00d6yk\u00fcde, gizli bir entelekt\u00fceller toplulu\u011fu, tamamen \u201cidealizm\u201d \u00fczerine kurulu hayali bir gezegen (Tl\u00f6n) tasarlar. Tl\u00f6n d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u201cmadde\u201d diye ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u015fey yoktur; e\u015fyalar sadece zihin onlar\u0131 alg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00fcnyada muazzam bir kavram ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar: Hr\u00f6nir<\/strong>. Bunlar, insanlar\u0131n kaybettikleri bir e\u015fyay\u0131 bulmay\u0131 \u00e7ok \u015fiddetle arzulad\u0131klar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan nesnelerdir. Birisi kaybolan kalemini hayal eder ve kalem var olur. Yaln\u0131z bu \u201cikinci kalem\u201d (hr\u00f6n), ilkinden biraz daha soluk, biraz daha uzundur; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc o art\u0131k maddenin de\u011fil, zihnin, yani beklentinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.2<\/sup> Borges bize \u015funu g\u00f6sterir: Ger\u00e7eklik bir simetri de\u011fil, ona bakan g\u00f6z\u00fcn yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kurgudur.<\/p>\n

Burada edebiyat, fizikle ahenkli bir dansa ba\u015flar. Tl\u00f6n\u2019\u00fcn hr\u00f6nir\u2019leri, ilk bak\u0131\u015fta kuantum mekani\u011findeki \u201cg\u00f6zlemci etkisi\u201dni and\u0131r\u0131r; ancak \u00e7ok kritik bir ayr\u0131m var; o me\u015fhur \u201cg\u00f6zlemci\u201d kimdir? Borges\u2019in \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcndeki gibi bir insan zihni mi, yoksa evrenin kendi i\u00e7indeki bir temas m\u0131?<\/p>\n

(Fizik\u00e7ilerin bu soruyu nas\u0131l tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rece\u011fiz; ama biraz daha Borges…) Edebi a\u00e7\u0131dan b\u00f6yle de; ger\u00e7ekte neler ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Borges\u2019in ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u00f6zel g\u00f6relilik, ard\u0131ndan kuantum fizi\u011finin nitelikli do\u011fu\u015fu, sonra da genel g\u00f6relilikle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan fizikten nas\u0131l etkilendiklerini, neler tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in bilim tarih\u00e7isi James Gleick\u2019in Zaman Yolculu\u011fu<\/em> adl\u0131 harika kitab\u0131 okunabilir. Borges\u2019in tutumu i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle s.87\u2019de \u201cBir Nehir, Bir Patika, Bir Labirent\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ufuk a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; \u201cBorges\u2019in zaman reddiyesi \u00f6z\u00fcnde inanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ama \u2018bir anl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019 ya da \u2018\u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019 bir arg\u00fcmand\u0131r\u201d ya da \u015fu; \u201c\u2018Ben hep zaman\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme e\u011filimindeyim, uzay\u0131 de\u011fil\u2019\u201d diye yazar Borges. \u201c\u2018Zaman\u2019 ve \u2018uzay\u2019 s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinin birlikte kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duydu\u011fumda, Goethe ve Schiller hakk\u0131nda konu\u015fan insanlar\u0131 duydu\u011funda Nietzsche nas\u0131l hissettiyse, ben de \u00f6yle hissediyorum; bu bir k\u00fcf\u00fcr.\u2019 (bkz: Ek Not.) T\u0131pk\u0131 Einstein gibi o da e\u015fzamanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 reddeder, ama Borges sinyal h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 (\u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131) umursamaz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc do\u011fal halde yaln\u0131z ve \u00f6zerksizdir, sinyallerimiz fizik\u00e7ilerinki kadar \u00e7ok ve g\u00fcvenilir de\u011fildir. (…) E\u015fzamanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 saf d\u0131\u015f\u0131 eden Borges, ard\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da reddeder.\u201d (s.94-95)<\/p>\n

Daha do\u011frusu; Borges i\u00e7in zaman ve uzay, fiziksel olarak bir \u201cs\u00fcreklilik\u201d olu\u015ftursa da, zihinsel ve metafiziksel d\u00fczeyde birbirinden tamamen farkl\u0131 do\u011faya sahip kavramlard\u0131r. Borges, zaman\u0131 insan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc, ruhun ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir trajedi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcrken uzay\u0131 daha d\u0131\u015fsal, hatta bazen dekoratif bir unsur olarak alg\u0131lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu iki kavram\u0131 \u201cmek\u00e2n-zaman\u201d diyerek birbirine eklemek, Borges\u2019in g\u00f6z\u00fcnde zaman\u0131n o derin ve gizemli a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, uzay\u0131n geometrik d\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle e\u015fitlemek demektir.<\/p>\n

Fizik d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaysa bu soruya verilen yan\u0131t i\u00e7in yol(lar) \u00e7atallan\u0131yor ve ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131yor. Bir yanda Hugh Everett\u2019\u0131n kuantum yorumu var. Her olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi devasa bir \u201c\u00e7oklu d\u00fcnyalar\u201d; di\u011fer yanda Carlo Rovelli\u2019nin savundu\u011fu, ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin sadece ili\u015fkilerde var oldu\u011fu zarif bir a\u011f. Benim akl\u0131m Rovelli\u2019nin taraf\u0131nda duruyor, ama \u00f6nce Hugh Everett…1<\/sup><\/p>\n

Everett\u2019in savundu\u011fu \u00e7oklu d\u00fcnyalar yorumu<\/strong> Spinozac\u0131 bir manzara sunar sanki. Burada dalga fonksiyonu asla \u00e7\u00f6kmez, asla \u201ck\u0131r\u0131lmaz\u201d. Bunun yerine, her kuantum etkile\u015fiminde evren ayr\u0131 dallara b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. Simetri, k\u00fcresel \u201c\u00e7oklu evren\u201d (multiverse) \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde bozulmadan kal\u0131r; ancak biz g\u00f6zlemciler olarak tek bir dala hapsoldu\u011fumuz i\u00e7in, yerel bir se\u00e7im ve rastlant\u0131sall\u0131k yan\u0131lsamas\u0131 ya\u015far\u0131z. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, olas\u0131 t\u00fcm tarihler devasa, deterministik bir s\u00fcperpozisyon i\u00e7inde ayn\u0131 anda var olur.<\/p>\n

Bu bilimsel model, Borges\u2019in \u201cYollar\u0131 \u00c7atallanan Bah\u00e7e\u201d \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcndeki Ts\u2019ui P\u00ean\u2019in imk\u00e2ns\u0131z labirentinin tam yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00f6yk\u00fcde yazar; bir olay \u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc se\u00e7ip di\u011ferlerini atmaz, \u201chepsini\u201d yazar. \u201cZaman say\u0131s\u0131z gelece\u011fe do\u011fru hi\u00e7 durmamacas\u0131na \u00e7atallan\u0131yor. Bunlardan birinde ben sizin d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n\u0131z\u0131m.\u201d2<\/sup> \u00d6yleyse evren, par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f bir ayna de\u011fil, her potansiyelin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi sonsuz bir kristal. Bizim trajedimiz de, di\u011fer yollar\u0131n kaybolmas\u0131 de\u011fil, o yollarda y\u00fcr\u00fcyen di\u011fer benliklerimizden sonsuza dek s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmemiz. Bizler, sonsuz hik\u00e2yelerden olu\u015fan bir k\u00fct\u00fcphanede, tek bir anlat\u0131n\u0131n mahk\u00fbmlar\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Rovelli ve modern kuantum teorisinde yayg\u0131n kabul g\u00f6ren mekanizmaya g\u00f6reyse, o \u201caynan\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d i\u00e7in bir insan zihnine gerek yoktur. E\u015fevresizlik (decoherence), sistemin \u00e7evreyle etkile\u015fime girip, olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n bulan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kurtulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yani evren, milyarlarca k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n birbirine \u201cdokunarak\u201d birbirini var etti\u011fi devasa bir etkile\u015fim a\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.3<\/sup><\/p>\n

Biraz daha netle\u015fmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

– Dalga fonksiyonu<\/strong>; Everett yorumuna g\u00f6re; \u00e7\u00f6kme yok, her olas\u0131l\u0131k ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir, evren dallara ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Rovelli\u2019ye g\u00f6re; dalga fonksiyonu mutlak de\u011fildir, sistemler aras\u0131 etkile\u015fimle ili\u015fkiseldir<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

– Ger\u00e7eklik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong>; Everett yorumuna g\u00f6re t\u00fcm dallar ger\u00e7ektir, biz sadece bir dal\u0131 deneyimleriz. Rovelli\u2019nin ili\u015fkisellik yorumuna g\u00f6reyse ger\u00e7eklik mutlak de\u011fil, g\u00f6zlemci-sistem ili\u015fkisine g\u00f6re belirir.<\/p>\n

– Everett\u2019\u0131n e\u015fevresizlik<\/strong> yorumunda dallar aras\u0131ndaki faz uyumu kaybolur, ama hepsi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Rovelli\u2019deyse; ortamla etkile\u015fim, belirli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ili\u015fki olarak \u201csabitler\u201d.<\/p>\n

– G\u00f6zlemci<\/strong> kim peki? Everett\u2019a g\u00f6re, g\u00f6zlemci, dal i\u00e7inde bir fiziksel sistemdir ve bilin\u00e7 \u00f6zel de\u011fildir. Rovelli\u2019ye g\u00f6reyse; her sistem di\u011ferine g\u00f6zlemci olabilir; bilin\u00e7 gerektirmez.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7ta; Einstein\u2019\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc \u201cBakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131mda da Ay\u2019\u0131n orada oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi tercih ederim\u201d itiraz\u0131na gelirsek; Everett\u2019a g\u00f6re Ay h\u00e2l\u00e2 oradad\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc farkl\u0131 dallarda farkl\u0131 konfig\u00fcrasyonlardad\u0131r. Rovelli\u2019ye g\u00f6re de Ay h\u00e2l\u00e2 oradad\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7evre (evren) Ay\u2019\u0131 s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6zlemektedir<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Spinoza\u2019n\u0131n \u2018konatus\u2019u
\n<\/strong>Peki bu etkile\u015fim a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n zemini nedir? \u015eimdi Spinoza\u2019n\u0131n Etika<\/em>\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131yoruz ve konatus<\/strong> kavram\u0131na geliyoruz. Spinoza\u2019n\u0131n evreni, zar at\u0131lmayan, her hamlenin bir \u00f6ncekine matematiksel bir kesinlikle ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu devasa bir satran\u00e7 tahtas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu deterministik ak\u0131\u015fta insan, \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcr irade\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi bir yan\u0131lsaman\u0131n ard\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nsa da, \u00f6z\u00fcnde konatus\u2019un (var olma \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n) sad\u0131k bir uygulay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Bir bakteriyel biyofilmin olu\u015fumu, tek tek bakterilerin \u201cfedak\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d de\u011fil, enerji verimlili\u011fini optimize eden bir hayatta kalma stratejisidir (bilin\u00e7li bir hesap de\u011fil, zorunlu bir i\u015fleyi\u015f). Bireysel konatus, biyolojik d\u00fczeyde bir \u201c\u00f6zyinelemeli geri besleme\u201d yarat\u0131r ve basit kurallardan karma\u015f\u0131k, ama korunakl\u0131 bir d\u00fczen do\u011furur. Bu neden-sonu\u00e7 zinciri \u00f6ylesine uzun ve karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r ki, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki nedenleri izlemek olanaks\u0131z hale gelir. T\u0131pk\u0131 V \u015feklinde u\u00e7an ku\u015flar gibi; her bir ku\u015f sadece yan\u0131ndakine g\u00f6re konum alarak basit bir aerodinamik kural\u0131 uygular; ama bu binlerce basit bireysel hareketin toplam\u0131, havada dans eden devasa, ak\u0131\u015fkan ve tek bir zihin varm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen karma\u015f\u0131k bir \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc yarat\u0131r.4<\/sup> Burada Spinoza\u2019n\u0131n konatus\u2019u, Rovelli\u2019nin \u201cili\u015fkiselli\u011fiyle\u201d el ele verir ve ya\u015fam bir \u201cbeliri\u015f\u201d olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Spinoza\u2019n\u0131n diliyle s\u00f6ylersek: daha karma\u015f\u0131k bile\u015fimler, daha y\u00fcksek bir etkilenme ve etkileme kapasitesi \u00fcretir; ya\u015fam\u0131 bir mucize de\u011fil, do\u011fan\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bir kipte yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur.\u00a0 \u00d6te yandan, bu beliren ya\u015fam\u0131n var kalabilmesi i\u00e7in soluk almas\u0131 gerekir ve soluk almak demek \u00e7evreyle madde\/enerji al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi demektir. Bu y\u00fczden \u201c\u00e7atlak\u201d, t\u00f6z\u00fcn kendisinde de\u011fil, kiplerin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda d\u0131\u015far\u0131yla temas eden o ge\u00e7irgenlikte belirir.5<\/sup><\/p>\n

Evrenin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndaki o m\u00fckemmel denge bozulmasayd\u0131, bug\u00fcn bildi\u011fimiz anlamda kal\u0131c\u0131 madde, tarih, ya\u015fam ve o \u00e7ok korkulan \u201colu\u015f\u201d ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmayabilirdi. \u0130rade, arzu, ya\u015fam Spinoza\u2019n\u0131n kavram\u0131yla konatus, ancak ve ancak simetri k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015flar. Bizler, t\u00f6z\u00fcn kendisinde de\u011fil kiplerin birbirine de\u011fdi\u011fi yerde beliren \u00e7atla\u011f\u0131z<\/strong>…<\/p>\n

Su, yaprak ve iz
\n<\/strong>Durgun bir suyun \u00fczerinde y\u00fczen yapra\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. Su, Spinoza\u2019n\u0131n t\u00f6z\u00fc gibi durgun ve simetrik olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor; g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc kusursuzca yans\u0131tmak istiyor; ama o tek, kurumu\u015f, y\u0131pranm\u0131\u015f yaprak… O, Tl\u00f6n\u2019den gelen bir hr\u00f6n (arzunun kopyas\u0131) gibi, kuantumun g\u00f6zlemcisi gibi, o durgunlu\u011fun ortas\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Suyun y\u00fczeyi dalgalan\u0131yor, yans\u0131ma b\u00fck\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte bizim varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu. Par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir toz taneci\u011fine \u00e7arparak da\u011f\u0131lan m\u00fckemmel dalgas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evreye yay\u0131lan bilgisinde, bir ku\u015f s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan tek tek ku\u015flar\u0131n bireysel konatuslar\u0131nda ve t\u00f6z\u00fcn simetrisinde meydana gelen bir \u201c\u00e7atlakta.\u201d B\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fczelli\u011fimiz, b\u00fct\u00fcn hik\u00e2yemiz, aynay\u0131 k\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z o noktada gizli. Kusursuz de\u011filiz, neyse ki de\u011filiz; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201cvar\u0131z.\u201d<\/p>\n

NOTLAR VE KAYNAKLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Hugh Everett\u2019\u0131n \u00e7oklu d\u00fcnyalar yorumu i\u00e7in bkz: Kenneth W. Ford, 101 Soruda Kuantum, <\/em>s.313-314; John Gribbin, Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019in Kedisinin Pe\u015finde<\/em>, \u00c7ev: Nedim \u00c7atl\u0131, s.237-238; Vural Ar\u0131, R\u00f6lativite\u2019den Kuantum\u2019a Evrenin Ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi<\/em>, s.432; John Gribbin, Kuantum Ansiklopedik S\u00f6zl\u00fck<\/em>, \u00c7ev: R. \u00d6m\u00fcr Aky\u00fcz, s.99<\/p>\n

2) Stephen Albert, Yu Tsun\u2019a \u201cYollar\u0131 \u00c7atallanan Bah\u00e7e\u201dnin asl\u0131nda bir mek\u00e2n de\u011fil, bir zaman labirenti oldu\u011funu anlat\u0131rken tam olarak bu \u00f6rne\u011fi verir. (Jorge Luis Borges, Yollar\u0131 \u00c7atallanan Bah\u00e7e, T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi: Fatih \u00d6zg\u00fcven, Can Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1985, s.35. Tl\u00f6n, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius al\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131: s.109, kalem benzetmesi s.121\u2019de.)<\/p>\n

3) Carlo Rovelli i\u00e7in; Ger\u00e7eklik G\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Gibi De\u011fildir, Zaman\u0131n D\u00fczeni, Ya Zaman Var Olmasayd\u0131 <\/em>vd. kitaplar\u0131… Asl\u0131nda bir par\u00e7ac\u0131k, kapal\u0131 bir sistemdeyse, d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyadan yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa dolan\u0131k bulunabilir, bir dalga gibi davran\u0131p kendi kendiyle \u201cgiri\u015fim\u201d yapabilir. Bu e\u015fevreli kalmad\u0131r (coherence), bu y\u00fczden de olduk\u00e7a k\u0131r\u0131lgand\u0131r, s\u00fcrekli bir hava molek\u00fcl\u00fcne, bir fotona, hatta laboratuvardaki bir toz taneci\u011fine \u00e7arpar ve b\u00f6ylece \u201c\u00e7evre\u201d par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n nerede oldu\u011fu bilgisini al\u0131r, s\u00fcperpozisyon silinir bu da e\u015fevresizliktir.<\/p>\n

4) Bu biyolojik \u201ckendili\u011finden d\u00fczen\u201d, insan topluluklar\u0131nda merkezi bir plan olmadan \u201cbeliren\u201d \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcye evrilir. Spinoza\u2019ya g\u00f6re, e\u011fer insanlar, saf \u201cak\u0131l\u201dla hareket etseydi, ku\u015f s\u00fcr\u00fcleri gibi \u00e7abas\u0131z bir uyum i\u00e7inde olurdu. Asl\u0131nda ku\u015flar\u0131nki de \u201c\u00e7abas\u0131z\u201d de\u011fildir. Bireysel konatuslar\u0131, bir arada olman\u0131n avantaj\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan ko\u015fullar i\u00e7inde bir uyum yarat\u0131r. Bizler de \u201cduygular\u0131n\u201d esareti alt\u0131nday\u0131z; bu y\u00fczden bireysel konatusumuz, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131nkiyle s\u00fcrekli \u00e7at\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve \u201cdo\u011fa durumunu\u201d bir kaosa \u00e7evirir. \u0130\u015fte bu noktada bir arada olmak, yani \u201cmedeni duruma\u201d ge\u00e7mek, bir tercih de\u011fil, hayatta kalmak i\u00e7in bir zorunluluk olur. Bizler de ku\u015flar gibi, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcvenli\u011fe takas eden \u201cinsan insan\u0131n kurdu\u201d olmas\u0131n diye \u201cbirlikte olmaya\u201d s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan varl\u0131klar\u0131z.<\/p>\n

5) Burada kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u201csimetri k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d motifi, fizikteki b\u00fct\u00fcn simetrileri kapsam\u0131yor elbette. A. Zee\u2019nin; k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, ama ufuk a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 kitab\u0131nda da vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi baz\u0131 simetriler -\u00f6zellikle Lorentz simetrisi- farkl\u0131 g\u00f6zlem \u00e7er\u00e7eveleri aras\u0131nda tek tek b\u00fcy\u00fckleri de\u011fil de fiziksel yap\u0131n\u0131n kendisini korur; de\u011fi\u015fen \u015fey betimleme, de\u011fi\u015fmeyen \u015fey ili\u015fkidir. (Bkz; A. Zee, K\u00fctle\u00e7ekim -A\u011f\u0131r Bir Konu \u00dczerine K\u0131sa Gezinti<\/em>, Simetri: Fizik Fizik\u00e7iye Ba\u011fl\u0131 Olmamal\u0131, T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi: Tongu\u00e7 Rador, Ginko Kitap, 2. Bas\u0131m, \u015eubat 2020, s.109-110) Bu y\u00fczden varl\u0131k, yaln\u0131zca k\u0131r\u0131lmayla de\u011fil, korunmu\u015f yap\u0131 ve k\u0131r\u0131lman\u0131n geriliminde de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n

Ek Not<\/strong>: Nietzsche\u2019yi as\u0131l \u00e7ileden \u00e7\u0131karan \u015fey, bu iki ismin Alman k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde \u201cGoethe ve Schiller\u201d \u015feklinde ayr\u0131lmaz bir ikili olarak, sanki birbirlerine denk isimlermi\u015f an\u0131lmas\u0131yd\u0131. Nietzsche i\u00e7in Goethe \u201csoylu ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ruhun\u201d zirvesiyken Schiller bu zirveye ancak uzaktan bakan bir \u201cidealist\u201dti. Bu ikisini ayn\u0131 paranteze almak, Goethe\u2019nin biricikli\u011fini ve deh\u015fet verici b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131radanla\u015ft\u0131rmak demekti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nihat Ate\u015f Ger\u00e7eklik, \u201cnesne\u201d dedi\u011fimiz ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, kendi kendine duran \u015fey olmaktan \u00e7ok, ili\u015fkilerden do\u011fan bir olgu: bir sistemin ba\u015fka bir sistemle kurdu\u011fu temas\u0131n i\u00e7inde belirginle\u015fen bir fenomen… Borges bunu Tl\u00f6n\u2019de edebiyatla sezdirir; modern fizik ise ayn\u0131 sezgiyi matematikle s\u0131nava sokar. Bu yaz\u0131da, \u201cg\u00f6zlemci\u201d meselesini aynalardan ba\u015flay\u0131p simetri k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na kadar ta\u015f\u0131yarak tek bir iddiay\u0131 anlatmay\u0131 deniyorum; […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4365,"featured_media":67497,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10479,38,513,510],"tags":[10499,10436,10500],"class_list":["post-67496","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-264-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-kitapcil","category-surekli-bolumler","tag-aynalar","tag-nihat-ates","tag-tlon-ve-catlaklar"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67496","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4365"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67496"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67496\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":67499,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67496\/revisions\/67499"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/67497"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67496"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}