{"id":67544,"date":"2026-04-03T09:33:18","date_gmt":"2026-04-03T06:33:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=67544"},"modified":"2026-04-03T09:33:18","modified_gmt":"2026-04-03T06:33:18","slug":"karanlik-tunel-aydinlik-surec","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2026\/04\/03\/karanlik-tunel-aydinlik-surec","title":{"rendered":"Karanl\u0131k t\u00fcnel, ayd\u0131nl\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ender Helvac\u0131o\u011flu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sava\u015f hukuku konusu esas olarak birinci ve ikinci d\u00fcnya sava\u015flar\u0131 prati\u011fi \u00fczerinden tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131 ve \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda say\u0131s\u0131z toplant\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli kurumlar olu\u015fturuldu ve kararlar al\u0131nd\u0131. Sava\u015f kavram\u0131 konusunda tart\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131ld\u0131, sava\u015fan taraflar\u0131n uymas\u0131 gereken kurallar tespit edildi, sivil halk\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar getirildi, sa\u011fl\u0131k kurumlar\u0131na, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat varl\u0131klar\u0131na sayg\u0131 vurguland\u0131, ba\u015fka Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler olmak \u00fczere sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nleyici kurumlar olu\u015fturuldu vb. Bu konuda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u00f6zet i\u00e7in M. Yasin Aslan\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye Barolar Birli\u011fi Dergisinin 2008 tarihli 79. say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan \u201cSava\u015f Hukukunun Temel Prensipleri\u201d adl\u0131 makaleye ba\u015fvurulabilir. Merak eden okurlar bu makalede ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en anla\u015fmalar\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fine ve olu\u015fturulan kurumlar\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131na ili\u015fkin teknik bilgilere de \u0130nternet ortam\u0131nda rahatl\u0131kla ula\u015fabilirler.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ko\u015fullar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n demokratik birikimine g\u00fcven duygusuyla de\u011fil, ne yaz\u0131k ki ac\u0131 ac\u0131 okunacak metinlerdir bunlar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc t\u00fcm\u00fc, ne kadar \u201ch\u00fcmanist\u201d i\u00e7eriklere sahip olsalar da, modern sava\u015flar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00e7ok temel bir ger\u00e7e\u011fi g\u00f6z ard\u0131 ederler: Emperyalizm.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zel m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almay\u0131 i\u00e7eren ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc konusuna de\u011finmeyen insan haklar\u0131 beyannameleri nas\u0131l son tahlilde i\u015flevsiz kal\u0131yorsa, emperyalizmi i\u015faret etmeyen sava\u015f hukuku metinleri ve kurumlar\u0131 da \u00f6yle i\u015flevsiz kalmaktad\u0131r. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Marx, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Lenin ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da sosyalist kuramc\u0131 bu i\u015flev a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 defalarca vurgulam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bunlar insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 de\u011fil mi? Aristokrasiye, burjuvaziye, egemenlere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele i\u00e7inde olu\u015fmad\u0131lar m\u0131? Miras al\u0131nmalar\u0131, savunulmalar\u0131 gerekmez mi? Elbette gerekir. Ama nas\u0131l savunulacaklar? O h\u00fcmanist i\u00e7erik nas\u0131l prati\u011fe ge\u00e7irilebilecek? Hak ve hukuk, hangi yapt\u0131r\u0131m mekanizmalar\u0131yla dayat\u0131labilecek?<\/p>\n

Modernite, aristokrasiye toplumsal g\u00fc\u00e7le, silahla dayat\u0131ld\u0131. Demokrasi, krallara, imparatorlara, \u00e7arlara, padi\u015fahlara kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan toplumsal devrimlerle kazan\u0131ld\u0131. Burjuvazinin s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131na direnilerek hayata ge\u00e7irilebildi. Bu m\u00fccadeledeki en ufak zay\u0131flamada, modernite i\u00e7indeki burjuva kamalar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l u\u00e7 verdi\u011fini, y\u00fcce modernite kurum ve metinlerinin nas\u0131l birer oyunca\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, egemenler taraf\u0131ndan nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6pe at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada da g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz, \u00fclkemizde de g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. ABD ve \u0130srail\u2019in \u0130ran\u2019a sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda da g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz, Erdo\u011fan iktidar\u0131n\u0131n muhalefete y\u00f6nelik uygulamalar\u0131nda da\u2026<\/p>\n

Burjuva modernitesi kendini burjuvaziye kar\u015f\u0131 savunam\u0131yor. Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l metinlerin ve s\u00f6ylevlerin sava\u015f k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bir yapt\u0131r\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc yok. \u00c7ok ac\u0131 bi\u00e7imde kavr\u0131yoruz bunu ve bazen karamsarl\u0131\u011fa kap\u0131l\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

Ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z bir musibettir. Ama bir musibet bin nasihatten ye\u011fdir. \u0130nsanl\u0131k, modernitenin, bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n, demokrasinin art\u0131k burjuva s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde kalarak savunulamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kavrayacak. Demokrasi nas\u0131l kazan\u0131ld\u0131ysa ancak o bi\u00e7imde savunulabilir: egemenlerin tasfiyesiyle. \u0130nsan haklar\u0131 ancak insan\u0131n insan\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc yok edilerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir. Ancak emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 di\u015fe di\u015f m\u00fccadele verilerek bar\u0131\u015fa kavu\u015fulabilir.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsanl\u0131k ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ac\u0131mas\u0131z y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131ktan \u015fimdiye kadarkinden daha kapsaml\u0131 bir yap\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7\u0131karacak. Toplumlar ve o toplumlara \u00f6nderlik edenler, ac\u0131 deneyimlerinden \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 derslerle, demokrasiye ve bar\u0131\u015fa ula\u015fman\u0131n ve koruman\u0131n daha garantili ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fclmez yollar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffedecek ve bu ke\u015fiflerinin kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 da yaratacak.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6ylediklerimiz sava\u015f\u0131n tozu duman\u0131 i\u00e7inde kula\u011fa bir \u00fctopya gibi gelse de, asl\u0131nda insanl\u0131k bu ayd\u0131nl\u0131k s\u00fcrecin i\u00e7indedir. Tarihin ac\u0131mas\u0131z zikza\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7erken geni\u015f s\u00fcreci (tarihin y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc) kavramak zor olabilir. Ama o kadar da zor de\u011fil. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc direnenler ve m\u00fccadele edenler var; hem de sava\u015f isteyenlerden ve demokrasi d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha fazlalar. S\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve emperyalizm kadir-i mutlak olsayd\u0131 bu \u00e7apta bir direni\u015f olmazd\u0131.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Tarih bilinci dedi\u011fimiz \u015fey, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fan\u0131lan olaylarla g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz aras\u0131nda paralellikler kurup dersler \u00e7\u0131karmak de\u011fildir. B\u00f6yle bir yan\u0131 da vard\u0131r ama esas\u0131 bu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Tarih bilinci kavram\u0131, \u00e7ok daha fazla bug\u00fcn ve gelecek ile ilgilidir. Tarih bilinci, hangi tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7ler i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca do\u011fruya yak\u0131n bi\u00e7imde tespit edilmesidir. O zaman tarih, olmu\u015f bitmi\u015f olaylar dizisi olmaktan, sadece ge\u00e7mi\u015fe ait olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn ve gelece\u011fin \u015fekillenmesinin aktif bile\u015fenlerinden biri haline gelir.<\/p>\n

Tarih, hi\u00e7bir zaman tarih olmaz. Gelece\u011fi isteyenler bunu \u00e7ok iyi kavramal\u0131d\u0131r. Tarih bilinci esas olarak olgu bilinci de\u011fil s\u00fcre\u00e7 bilincidir. Tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7ler b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla s\u00fcrmektedir: Evrenin evrimi s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Gezegenimizin evrimi s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n evrimi s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. \u0130nsan\u0131n biyolojik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel evrimi s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n evrimi s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Modernitenin evrimi s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. S\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131 m\u00fccadele s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Biz b\u00fct\u00fcn bu devam eden s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin i\u00e7inde ya\u015famaktay\u0131z. Ayn\u0131 anda ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelece\u011fe do\u011fru akan \u00e7ok say\u0131da s\u00fcrecin par\u00e7as\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn, d\u00fcnyada ABD emperyalizminin ve \u0130srail\u2019in sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 direnenler, \u00fclkemizde Erdo\u011fan otokrasisine kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele edenler, bilincinde olsun veya olmas\u0131nlar, bu b\u00fcy\u00fck insanl\u0131k y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ender Helvac\u0131o\u011flu Sava\u015f hukuku konusu esas olarak birinci ve ikinci d\u00fcnya sava\u015flar\u0131 prati\u011fi \u00fczerinden tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131 ve \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda say\u0131s\u0131z toplant\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli kurumlar olu\u015fturuldu ve kararlar al\u0131nd\u0131. Sava\u015f kavram\u0131 konusunda tart\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131ld\u0131, sava\u015fan taraflar\u0131n uymas\u0131 gereken kurallar tespit edildi, sivil halk\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar getirildi, sa\u011fl\u0131k kurumlar\u0131na, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat varl\u0131klar\u0131na sayg\u0131 vurguland\u0131, ba\u015fka Birle\u015fmi\u015f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":493,"featured_media":67545,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,2313],"tags":[10505,9531,5247,10504],"class_list":["post-67544","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","category-degirmen","tag-aydinlik-surec","tag-degirmen","tag-ender-helvacioglu","tag-karanlik-tunel"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67544","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/493"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67544"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67544\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":67547,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67544\/revisions\/67547"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/67545"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67544"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67544"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67544"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}