Nalan M\u00e2hsereci<\/strong><\/p>\n Biliminsanlar\u0131 d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde halihaz\u0131rda bulunan t\u00fcrlerin hen\u00fcz y\u00fczde 20 kadar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etti\u011fimizi tahmin ediyor; geride tan\u0131mlanmay\u0131 bekleyen y\u00fczde 80 var!(1)<\/sup> Bildi\u011fimiz t\u00fcr say\u0131s\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 2 milyon(2)<\/sup> oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, gezegeni payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yakla\u015f\u0131k 8 milyon canl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcnden bihaberiz demektir. Heyecan verici!<\/p>\n Biyologlar bu duruma \u201ctaksonomik yetersizlik\u201d diyor. Canl\u0131lar\u0131 bilimsel olarak tan\u0131mlamada, farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve benzerliklerini ortaya koymada, s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmada eksiklerimiz b\u00fcy\u00fck. Ekosistem analizlerimiz yar\u0131m, biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi kavray\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z g\u00fcd\u00fck; \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin nas\u0131l, ne y\u00f6nde azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bilgisine de vak\u0131f de\u011filiz. Bir de bu var tabii; d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinden gelip ge\u00e7mi\u015f, bug\u00fcn art\u0131k temsil edilmeyen t\u00fcrler. Paleontologlar, D\u00fcnya\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 4,5 milyar y\u0131ldan beridir ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f t\u00fcrlerin y\u00fczde 99\u2019unun yok oldu\u011funu tahmin ediyor!(3)<\/sup> Do\u011fan\u0131n t\u00fcr \u00f6\u011f\u00fcten \u00e7ark\u0131na bakar m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z! De\u011fil tek tek bireylerin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131, t\u00fcrleri bile tarihin derinlerine g\u00f6m\u00fcyor. Ne yaz\u0131k ki insan do\u011faya bask\u0131n t\u00fcr haline geldi\u011finde, durum iyice vahimle\u015fiyor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki yok olu\u015f oranlar\u0131, insan etkisi olmadan beklenen yok olu\u015f oranlar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, t\u00fcrlerdeki yok olu\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n, onlarca ila y\u00fczlerce kat (baz\u0131 gruplarda daha da fazla) artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Baz\u0131 t\u00fcrler, daha biz onlar\u0131 tan\u0131yamadan yok olacak…<\/p>\n Hen\u00fcz tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z t\u00fcrlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, mikroorganizmalar, b\u00f6cekler ve derin deniz canl\u0131lar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalar\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. Kolay\u0131na temas edilemeyecek, g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyecek ya da ay\u0131rt edilmesi zor olanlar\u0131n ke\u015ffinin sonlara kalm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 beklenebilir bir durum. Son y\u0131llarda kimi biliminsanlar\u0131, yeti\u015fmi\u015f uzman niceli\u011fiyle alt\u0131ndan kalk\u0131lamayacak taksonomik yetersizlikle ba\u015f edebilmek i\u00e7in amat\u00f6r do\u011fa ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yor. Do\u011fa koruma biyolo\u011fu Thor Hanson, Yan\u0131 Ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdaki Do\u011fa<\/em> adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda, dijital ortamlarda \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen, uzmanlar ve g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bir araya getiren olu\u015fumlardan s\u00f6z ediyor: SciStarter, Zooniverse, BioSCAN, BugGuide, eB\u0130RD, GLOBE Observer, iNaturalist bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131. Yeni t\u00fcrlerin tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 ve biyolojik s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmada yerli yerine oturtulmas\u0131 elbette uzmanl\u0131k gerektiriyor; ama isteyen herkes s\u00fcrecin ilk ad\u0131m\u0131 olan g\u00f6zlemlerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ve verilerin toplanmas\u0131na yard\u0131m edebilir. Nitekim lise \u00f6\u011frencisi, \u00e7ift\u00e7i, emekli ya da i\u015finde g\u00fcc\u00fcnde olan amat\u00f6rlerce ke\u015ffedilen yeni mantar t\u00fcrleri, sinekler, b\u00f6cekler olmu\u015f. Bilimi bir anlamda demokratikle\u015ftiren, tabana yayan bu organizasyonlar i\u00e7in \u201cvatanda\u015f bilimi\u201d diye bir terim icat edilmi\u015f.\u00a0 Terimin isabetlili\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131.<\/p>\n \u015eehir i\u00e7i ye\u015fil alanlarda bile y\u00fczlerce t\u00fcr bulunabiliyor ve bunlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 pek\u00e2l\u00e2 kayda ge\u00e7irilmemi\u015f olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin sinekleri kaplayan Diptera tak\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7inde 160 bin t\u00fcr var, ama ke\u015ffedilmeyi bekleyen t\u00fcr say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bunun on kat\u0131 kadar oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.(4)<\/sup> Bah\u00e7enizde yeni bir sinek t\u00fcr\u00fc ke\u015ffetmeniz i\u015ften bile de\u011fil… Elbette, bir vuru\u015fta duvara yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, kendimizden katbekat a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz bir canl\u0131ya, bir biyolo\u011fun derin ilgisiyle bakmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmemiz gerekiyor her \u015feyden \u00f6nce… Thor Hanson, Yan\u0131 Ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdaki Do\u011fa<\/em> kitab\u0131nda, Marcel Proust\u2019un, \u00f6zetlenmi\u015f haliyle, \u201cGer\u00e7ek bir ke\u015fif yolculu\u011fu i\u00e7in yeni yerler g\u00f6rmek yetmez, yeni g\u00f6zlerle, ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zleriyle g\u00f6rmemiz gerekir\u201d s\u00f6zlerini d\u00fcstur edinmemizi \u00f6neriyor. \u015eehir i\u00e7indeki ye\u015fil alanlara, arka bah\u00e7elerimize, parklara durup bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, tekrar tekrar bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ve en iyisi bir biyolo\u011fun, hatta dikkati hen\u00fcz kal\u0131planmam\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun g\u00f6zleriyle bakmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerimizin ne kadar zenginle\u015febilece\u011fini kendi deneyimiyle \u00f6rnekliyor.<\/p>\n Benim deneyimim de bu y\u00f6nde. G\u00fcnl\u00fck mesaimin stresine dalmadan \u00f6nce, dikkatimi, evle eczane aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm yolun rasgele k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f do\u011fa adac\u0131klar\u0131na, bitkilere, \u00e7i\u00e7eklere veriyorum. Yava\u015flamama yol a\u00e7an, beni g\u00fcn\u00fcn zorluklar\u0131na haz\u0131rlayan bir ilgi bu. Zihnimi d\u00fczene koyuyor ve dinginle\u015fmemi sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn yeni bitki topluluklar\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131rt ediyorum; mevsimden mevsime de\u011fi\u015fimleri izliyorum; ki\u015fisel ke\u015fiflerde bulunman\u0131n keyfine var\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n Son y\u0131llarda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin ekosistemlere \u00fcretkenlik ve sa\u011flaml\u0131k getiren bir olgu oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Hanson yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdaki canl\u0131lar\u0131 tan\u0131man\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ip, biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi korumaya ve iyile\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131 da sal\u0131k veriyor. Hepimizin uygulayabilece\u011fi t\u00fcrden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7abalar\u0131n da t\u00fcrsel \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin korunmas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flayabilece\u011fini anlat\u0131yor. Kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmek ya da perdeleri kapal\u0131 tutmak gibi. Yapay \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa do\u011fru \u00e7ekilen, pencereye yap\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalan b\u00f6cekler, zaten k\u0131sac\u0131k olan, yay\u0131lmaya ve e\u015f bulmaya ay\u0131rmalar\u0131 gereken \u00f6m\u00fcrlerini \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa kap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak t\u00fcketiyorlar. Bu b\u00f6ceklerin yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te biri sabah\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fcyor ve her gece tekrar eden kay\u0131plar kritik hassasiyetteki t\u00fcrleri siliyor, yerel \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi d\u00fczenli olarak zay\u0131flat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Devlet eliyle, hektarlarca ormanl\u0131k alan\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 maden \u015firketlerine devredildi\u011fi, binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r bulundu\u011fu habitat\u0131n belirleyici \u00f6\u011felerinden olagelmi\u015f zeytinliklerin talan edildi\u011fi, ya\u015famlar\u0131 yok eden siyan\u00fcr\u00fcn kontrols\u00fczce \u00e7evreye yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ye\u015fil alanlar\u0131n d\u0131md\u0131zlak edildi\u011fi bir \u00fclkede, bu t\u00fcr \u00f6neriler kula\u011fa naif gelebilir; fark\u0131nday\u0131m. Do\u011fa i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etmek demek, en \u00e7\u0131plak haliyle, k\u00e2r\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131 de\u011fersizle\u015ftirecek kadar \u00f6nceleyen bir d\u00fczenle m\u00fccadele etmek demek. Emperyalist talanc\u0131larla ve yerli i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ileriyle. Ama do\u011fayla kurdu\u011fumuz ili\u015fkiyi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar kadar, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015feme de gerek oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. G\u00f6rmeyi ve ke\u015ffetmeyi, korumay\u0131 ve iyile\u015ftirmeyi \u00f6\u011frenmeli; bunlar\u0131 bireysel bir tutum olarak edinmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, kolektif talepler olarak da dile getirmeliyiz. Bilginin insanl\u0131\u011fa g\u00fc\u00e7 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k; mesele art\u0131k o g\u00fcc\u00fc, ya\u015fam\u0131 t\u00fcm zenginli\u011fiyle kucaklayacak bir sorumlulukla kullanacak bir d\u00fczene ge\u00e7ebilmekte. H\u00e2l\u00e2 umut varken…<\/p>\n D\u0130PNOTLAR<\/strong> 2) \u201cTwo million species catalogued by 500 experts\u201d; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-022-00010-z<\/p>\n 3) https:\/\/enviroliteracy.org\/do-paleontologists-estimate-that-99-of-all-species-that-have-ever-existed-are-now-extinct<\/p>\n 4) Hanson, age, s.61.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Nalan M\u00e2hsereci Biliminsanlar\u0131 d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde halihaz\u0131rda bulunan t\u00fcrlerin hen\u00fcz y\u00fczde 20 kadar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etti\u011fimizi tahmin ediyor; geride tan\u0131mlanmay\u0131 bekleyen y\u00fczde 80 var!(1) Bildi\u011fimiz t\u00fcr say\u0131s\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 2 milyon(2) oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, gezegeni payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yakla\u015f\u0131k 8 milyon canl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcnden bihaberiz demektir. Heyecan verici! Biyologlar bu duruma \u201ctaksonomik yetersizlik\u201d diyor. Canl\u0131lar\u0131 bilimsel olarak tan\u0131mlamada, farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve benzerliklerini […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":470,"featured_media":67709,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10510,38,513,10250,510],"tags":[7521,6099,6098,10526],"class_list":["post-67708","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-265-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-kitapcil","category-patika","category-surekli-bolumler","tag-metis-yayinlari","tag-nalan-mahsereci","tag-patika","tag-yani-basimizdaki-doga"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t
\n1) Thor Hanson, Yan\u0131 Ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdaki Do\u011fa, Metis Bilim, Haziran 2025, s.68.<\/p>\n