{"id":68479,"date":"2026-06-04T00:00:48","date_gmt":"2026-06-03T21:00:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=68479"},"modified":"2026-06-03T21:11:49","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T18:11:49","slug":"insani-anlamaya-calisan-dusunur-montaigne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2026\/06\/04\/insani-anlamaya-calisan-dusunur-montaigne","title":{"rendered":"\u0130nsan\u0131 anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr: Montaigne"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Leman Atalay<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Michel de Montaigne, 1533 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa\u2019da do\u011far. Varl\u0131kl\u0131 ve e\u011fitimli bir aile i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fcr. \u00c7ocuklu\u011funda Latince \u00f6\u011frenerek yeti\u015ftirilir, daha sonra hukuk e\u011fitimi al\u0131r ve Bordeaux Parlamentosu\u2019nda uzun y\u0131llar g\u00f6rev yapar. Devlet d\u00fczeninin, kilisenin ve d\u00f6nemin siyasi yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inden gelen bir isimdir. Ancak bir s\u00fcre sonra bu hayat\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7ekilmeye karar verir. Kamu g\u00f6revlerinden ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra ailesinden kalan \u00e7iftlik evine \u00e7ekilir ve kendisini okumaya, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye ve yazmaya verir. Kendi ifadesiyle amac\u0131, \u201cinsanlar\u0131 ve kendisini daha yak\u0131ndan g\u00f6zlemleyebilmek\u201dtir. Bu karar yaln\u0131zca kendi hayat\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, Avrupa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarihini de de\u011fi\u015ftirecek bir s\u00fcrecin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olur.<br \/>\nMontaigne burada d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli eserlerinden biri kabul edilen <em>Denemeler<\/em>\u2019i yazmaya ba\u015flar. D\u00fcnya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce hayat\u0131na arma\u011fan etti\u011fi bu kitap, yaln\u0131zca edebiyat tarihinde de\u011fil, insan\u0131n kendisini anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarihinde de \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip olur. Kitap k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bir metin de\u011fildir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k yirmi iki y\u0131l boyunca yazar, yeniden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri de\u011fi\u015ftirir ve yeni par\u00e7alar ekler. Ayn\u0131 zamanda bu kitap onun tek eseridir.<br \/>\n<em>Denemeler<\/em>\u2019in edebiyat tarihinde \u00f6nemli bir yerde durmas\u0131n\u0131n nedenlerinden biri de deneme t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn temelini olu\u015fturmas\u0131d\u0131r. Montaigne burada kesin h\u00fck\u00fcmler veren bir yazar gibi davranmaz. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini dener, sorgular, bazen de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Zaten kitab\u0131n ad\u0131 olan \u201cessai\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de \u201cdeneme\u201d, yani d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi s\u0131nama anlam\u0131na gelir.<br \/>\nY\u00fczy\u0131l Avrupa\u2019s\u0131, Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019dan kalan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce d\u00fczeninin h\u00e2l\u00e2 etkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir d\u00f6nemdir. Kilisenin belirledi\u011fi kurallar toplum hayat\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130nsan uzun s\u00fcre boyunca do\u011fru kabul edilen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmadan ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa\u2019da ba\u015fka bir hareket de g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flar. \u0130nsan akl\u0131, g\u00f6zlem ve bireysel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce daha fazla \u00f6nem kazan\u0131r. R\u00f6nesans\u2019la birlikte insan, yaln\u0131zca inanmas\u0131 gereken bir varl\u0131k olarak de\u011fil, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen bir varl\u0131k olarak da g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flan\u0131r. Montaigne\u2019in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 metin tam bu d\u00f6nemin i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131kar.<br \/>\nMontaigne\u2019in yazd\u0131klar\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde herkes taraf\u0131ndan olumlu kar\u015f\u0131lanmaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o, insan\u0131 korkular\u0131yla, \u00e7eli\u015fkileriyle ve de\u011fi\u015fen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleriyle birlikte anlat\u0131r. Kesin do\u011frular\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde bu yakla\u015f\u0131m baz\u0131 \u00e7evreler taraf\u0131ndan tehlikeli bulunur. \u00d6zellikle insan\u0131 merkeze alan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce bi\u00e7imi ve sorgulay\u0131c\u0131 tavr\u0131, d\u00f6nemin kat\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131na ters d\u00fc\u015fer. Bu y\u00fczden <em>Denemeler <\/em>yaln\u0131zca edebiyat a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011fil, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131r\u0131lma noktas\u0131 h\u00e2line gelir.<br \/>\n<em>Denemeler<\/em> bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 etkisini koruyorsa bunun \u00f6nemli nedenlerinden biri, insan\u0131 haz\u0131r yarg\u0131lar \u00fczerinden anlatmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Montaigne insan\u0131 kusursuz bir varl\u0131k gibi g\u00f6stermez. \u0130nsan bazen korkar, bazen karar de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir, bazen kendi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden bile ku\u015fku duyabilir. Kitap boyunca bu de\u011fi\u015fen insan h\u00e2li g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr durumdad\u0131r.<br \/>\nMontaigne\u2019in metninde dikkat \u00e7eken \u015feylerden biri de insan\u0131 do\u011frudan hayat\u0131n i\u00e7inden ele almas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fcm, dostluk, yaln\u0131zl\u0131k, e\u011fitim, korku ve inan\u00e7 gibi konular kitap boyunca s\u00fcrekli yer al\u0131r. Ama bunlar bir ders verir gibi anlat\u0131lmaz. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n bu durumlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda nas\u0131l davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilir.<br \/>\n\u00d6l\u00fcm \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde bunu a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaz. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na bakar. Kimi korkar, kimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek istemez, kimi kabullenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Montaigne burada insan\u0131n ger\u00e7ek h\u00e2lini g\u00f6stermeye y\u00f6nelir.<br \/>\nDostluk konusunda da benzer bir yakla\u015f\u0131m vard\u0131r. Dostlu\u011fu kusursuz bir ili\u015fki gibi anlatmaz. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n neden birbirine ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011funu g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden dostluk kitapta yaln\u0131zca g\u00fczel bir duygu olarak yer almaz; insan\u0131n yaln\u0131zl\u0131k duygusuyla birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr.<br \/>\nYaln\u0131zl\u0131k, <em>Denemeler<\/em> boyunca \u00f6nemli bir yerde durur. \u0130nsan kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7indeyken ba\u015fka, kendi ba\u015f\u0131na kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fka d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilir. Montaigne \u00f6zellikle insan\u0131n kendiyle ba\u015f ba\u015fa kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlara dikkat \u00e7eker. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc insan\u0131n kendisini en a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerlerden biri buras\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\nE\u011fitim \u00fczerine yazd\u0131klar\u0131 da ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neme g\u00f6re dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Ezberleyerek \u00f6\u011frenen insan yerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen insan\u0131 \u00f6nemser. Bilginin yaln\u0131zca aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 yeterli de\u011fildir. \u0130nsan \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi \u015feyi anlamal\u0131 ve kendi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin par\u00e7as\u0131 h\u00e2line getirmelidir. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m bug\u00fcn bile g\u00fcncelli\u011fini koruyan bir e\u011fitim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na yak\u0131nd\u0131r.<br \/>\n\u0130nan\u00e7 konusunda ise farkl\u0131 toplumlar\u0131n ve farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerin ayn\u0131 sorulara ba\u015fka cevaplar verdi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Bu y\u00fczden tek bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz do\u011fru gibi sunmaz. \u0130nsan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin de\u011fi\u015febilece\u011fini kabul eder.<br \/>\n<em>Denemeler<\/em> boyunca Montaigne kendisini de metnin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutmaz. Kendi korkular\u0131n\u0131, de\u011fi\u015fen fikirlerini ve karars\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan yazar. Bu durum kitapta kusursuz bir insan de\u011fil, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye devam eden bir insan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<br \/>\nMontaigne\u2019in s\u0131k s\u0131k kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cNe biliyorum?\u201d sorusu da kitab\u0131n temel duygusunu g\u00f6sterir. Bu soru yaln\u0131zca bilgiyle ilgili de\u011fildir. \u0130nsan bazen kendisini bile tam olarak anlayamaz. Kitap boyunca hissedilen ku\u015fku biraz da buradan gelir.<br \/>\n1940\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131 Hasan \u00c2li Y\u00fccel d\u00f6neminde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen D\u00fcnya Klasikleri \u00e7eviri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda <em>Denemeler<\/em> T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye kazand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Frans\u0131zca asl\u0131ndan derleyerek \u00e7eviren Sabahattin Ey\u00fcbo\u011flu, eseri d\u00f6nemin k\u00fclt\u00fcr politikas\u0131 i\u00e7inde do\u011frudan Klasikler Dizisi\u2019ne dahil edilen metinlerden biri olarak T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye aktar\u0131r.<br \/>\nBug\u00fcn aradan d\u00f6rt y\u00fcz y\u0131ldan fazla zaman ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen kitab\u0131n h\u00e2l\u00e2 okunmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni de budur. \u0130nsan de\u011fi\u015fse bile insan\u0131n temel meseleleri \u00e7ok fazla de\u011fi\u015fmez. Korku, yaln\u0131zl\u0131k, \u00f6l\u00fcm, dostluk, inan\u00e7 ve kendini anlama iste\u011fi farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Montaigne\u2019in metni de bu y\u00fczden ya\u015famaya devam eder.<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211; Denemeler, Michel de Montaigne, \u00c7ev. Sebahattin Ey\u00fcbo\u011flu, 2006, 344 s.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Leman Atalay Michel de Montaigne, 1533 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa\u2019da do\u011far. Varl\u0131kl\u0131 ve e\u011fitimli bir aile i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fcr. \u00c7ocuklu\u011funda Latince \u00f6\u011frenerek yeti\u015ftirilir, daha sonra hukuk e\u011fitimi al\u0131r ve Bordeaux Parlamentosu\u2019nda uzun y\u0131llar g\u00f6rev yapar. Devlet d\u00fczeninin, kilisenin ve d\u00f6nemin siyasi yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inden gelen bir isimdir. Ancak bir s\u00fcre sonra bu hayat\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7ekilmeye karar verir. Kamu g\u00f6revlerinden [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4405,"featured_media":68480,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10536,38,513,510,511],"tags":[1906,9851,10555],"class_list":["post-68479","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-266-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-kitapcil","category-surekli-bolumler","category-yayin-dunyasi","tag-denemeler","tag-leman-atalay","tag-michel-de-montaigne"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68479","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4405"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=68479"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68479\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":68482,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68479\/revisions\/68482"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/68480"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=68479"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=68479"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=68479"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}