{"id":68486,"date":"2026-06-04T00:00:56","date_gmt":"2026-06-03T21:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=68486"},"modified":"2026-06-03T21:17:58","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T18:17:58","slug":"bir-cift-kac-kisiden-olusur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2026\/06\/04\/bir-cift-kac-kisiden-olusur","title":{"rendered":"Bir \u00e7ift ka\u00e7 ki\u015fiden olu\u015fur?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nalan Mahsereci<\/strong><\/p>\n

Soru aritmetik bir kesinlik bar\u0131nd\u0131rsa da, yan\u0131t iki ki\u015fiden \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131na i\u015faret ediyor. Zira bir ili\u015fkiye ad\u0131m atan her ki\u015fi, arkas\u0131ndan bir g\u00f6lgeler ordusunu da s\u00fcr\u00fckleyecektir. \u0130\u00e7imizde ebeveynlerimiz ya\u015far; yeti\u015fme s\u00fcrecimize el verenler, hatta belki onlar\u0131n da atalar\u0131… Hayat\u0131 alg\u0131lama, anlamland\u0131rma tarz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, bir di\u011feriyle ili\u015fkilenme bi\u00e7imimizi, davran\u0131\u015f kal\u0131plar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, duygulanma \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerimizi \u00e7ocuklu\u011fumuzda ilk elden deneyimlediklerimizden al\u0131r; genetik e\u011filimlerimiz ve toplumsal etkile\u015fimlerimizden gelenlerle harmanlayarak kendimizi kurar\u0131z. Baz\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerimiz de ilk kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131zda tepki duyduklar\u0131m\u0131za kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131zla ya da ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fumuz ama eksik kalanlarla \u015fekillenir. \u0130nsan \u00e7ocuklu\u011funda bilmeden edindiklerini, yan\u0131ndan ay\u0131ramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir emanet gibi ta\u015f\u0131r yeti\u015fkinli\u011fine. Kendisiyle birlikte, i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan ki\u015fileri de sokar ili\u015fkilerine.<\/p>\n

Margaret Atwood\u2019un \u00c2dem\u2019den \u00d6nceki Ya\u015fam <\/em>roman\u0131ndaki kahramanlardan Elizabeth, Nate ve Lesje da ili\u015fkilerinde \u00e7o\u011fullar. \u00d6rne\u011fin Elizabeth\u2019in i\u00e7inde, da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve alkolik olmu\u015f annesi kadar, onu evlat edinmi\u015f dindar ve otoriter teyzesi Muriel de ya\u015f\u0131yor. Nate ise, insan haklar\u0131 eylemcisi, bar\u0131\u015f yanl\u0131s\u0131 annesinin onda yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 pasiflikten s\u0131yr\u0131lamaz bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc. Lesje de, birbiriyle \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kavgal\u0131, biri Yahudi, di\u011feri Ukraynal\u0131 iki ninesinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 duygusal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel karma\u015fadan ve g\u00f6\u00e7menli\u011fi nedeniyle onu d\u0131\u015flam\u0131\u015f \u00e7ocuklardan ka\u00e7abilece\u011fi al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar edinerek y\u00f6nlendirmi\u015ftir b\u00fct\u00fcn ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131.<\/p>\n

Elizabeth ve Nate\u2019in iki k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ve on y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7kin bir evlilikleri vard\u0131r. Kendilerinde izleri olan ki\u015fileri de ya\u015fatmaktad\u0131rlar ili\u015fkilerinde ku\u015fkusuz ama bunun \u00f6tesinde o kalabal\u0131k i\u00e7inde \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin de ger\u00e7ek varl\u0131klar\u0131 bulunur. Ba\u015fka ki\u015filerle ili\u015fki ya\u015fama konusunda uzla\u015fm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrler. Kendilerini a\u00e7\u0131k evlilik y\u00fcr\u00fctecek kadar \u201cuygar\u201d sayarlar. Peki, sahiden \u00f6yle midirler? A\u00e7\u0131k evlilik, ili\u015fkilerine a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k ve d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck m\u00fc getirmi\u015ftir; yoksa daha karma\u015f\u0131k yalanlar \u00fcretmelerine mi yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? As\u0131l \u00f6nemlisi, ataerkil zihniyetten ve m\u00fclkiyet ili\u015fkilerinden azade bir ili\u015fkileri olabilmi\u015f midir? Aralar\u0131nda bir sevgi ba\u011f\u0131 var m\u0131d\u0131r; yoksa yaln\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kamufle etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n hatr\u0131na s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri bu ili\u015fkiye mi s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r?<\/p>\n

Atwood, Elizabeth ve Nate\u2019in ili\u015fkisinde, insan\u0131n sahiplenme e\u011filimini, avlanma g\u00fcd\u00fcleriyle ili\u015fki kurmas\u0131n\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi s\u00f6z konusuysa kendini ili\u015fkisinden \u201cd\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015f\u201d ve yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa itilmi\u015f hissetmeye haz\u0131r olmas\u0131n\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndakinin duygular\u0131n\u0131 ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 anlamak ve sayg\u0131 duymak yerine g\u00fc\u00e7 oyunlar\u0131na girmesini, alan ve s\u0131n\u0131r kavgas\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fileri kontrol alt\u0131nda tutma ve manip\u00fcle etme \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131, kendini korumak i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndakine zarar vermekten \u00e7ekinmemesini, misilleme arzusunu sergiler. \u0130\u00e7lerinde ya\u015fayan ilkellikler s\u00f6z konusuysa, \u201cuygarl\u0131k\u201d nerededir?<\/p>\n

\u00dcstelik insan, her ili\u015fkiye kendisini ve g\u00f6lgelerini ta\u015f\u0131maz m\u0131? Hayvanat bah\u00e7esine t\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p kalm\u0131\u015f bir aslan gibi \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca ayn\u0131 duygusal \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerin, davran\u0131\u015f kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde d\u00f6n\u00fcp durmaz m\u0131? Benzer hatalar\u0131 tekrarlamam\u0131z ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz de\u011fil midir; farkl\u0131 insanlarla farkl\u0131 ili\u015fkiler mi ya\u015far\u0131z, ayn\u0131 ili\u015fkiyi farkl\u0131 ki\u015filerle tekrar m\u0131 ederiz? Kavafis\u2019in \u015fiirine at\u0131fla, yeni bir \u00fclke, ba\u015fka bir deniz bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fcd\u00fcr?<\/p>\n

Atwood\u2019un bu roman\u0131n\u0131n kurgusu klostrofobiktir ve s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k, k\u0131st\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fs\u0131zl\u0131k hissini \u00e7ok canl\u0131 ya\u015fat\u0131r. Karakterlerin kurduklar\u0131 ili\u015fkileri birer sosyal hapishane haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmelerini ve bunun i\u00e7inde bunal\u0131p durmalar\u0131n\u0131 izleriz. Bunun \u00f6tesinde iki kad\u0131n karakterin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 M\u00fcze\u2019nin havas\u0131 da klostrofobik hissiyat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 tetikler. M\u00fcze, donup kalm\u0131\u015f zamanlar\u0131, o zamanlar\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini sergilemesiyle, karakterlerin i\u00e7sel \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir metafora d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Elizabeth\u2019in M\u00fcze\u2019deki k\u00fcrat\u00f6rl\u00fck g\u00f6revi de tesad\u00fcf de\u011fildir. Sergilerin ana fikrini, temas\u0131n\u0131 belirlemekte; hangi eserlerin, hangi d\u00fczenle sunulaca\u011f\u0131na karar vermektedir. \u00d6zel ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 da mesle\u011fine uygundur: Ki\u015fileri, ili\u015fkileri ve durumlar\u0131 birbirine g\u00f6re konumland\u0131rma ve manip\u00fcle etme \u00e7abas\u0131ndad\u0131r. E\u015fiyle yapaca\u011f\u0131 ciddi bir konu\u015fmaya haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken, kendisi kanapeye elbisesiyle rahat\u00e7a yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fken e\u015fini mindersiz bir sandalyede oturmaya zorlamak gibi ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelerle konu\u015fmadaki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengelerini belirlemeye \u00e7abalar.<\/p>\n

Lesje ise, M\u00fcze\u2019nin paleontolo\u011fudur; i\u015fi fosillerledir; ilgi alan\u0131 ve uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dinozorlard\u0131r. Atwood, fosil imgesi \u00fczerinden de, s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k duygusunu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir. Hepimiz kendimizin ya\u015fayan birer fosili miyiz? \u00c7ocukluk deneyimlerimizin ya da ilkel yanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n izlerinin i\u00e7ine s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, ta\u015fla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, de\u011fi\u015fmeyecek yap\u0131lar m\u0131y\u0131z? Evlilik kurumu da \u00e7oktan fosille\u015fmi\u015f, tarihsel olarak ge\u00e7ici bir kurum mudur?<\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n ad\u0131 da benzer sorular \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Romandan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek, \u00c2dem\u2019den \u00d6nceki Ya\u015fam<\/em>, insandan \u00f6nceki ya\u015fam\u0131 i\u015faret ediyor. 1970\u2019lerin sonunda ge\u00e7en kurgu i\u00e7in bu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ye\u011flenmi\u015f olmas\u0131ysa, insandan \u00f6nceki ya\u015fam\u0131n t\u00fcm ilkelli\u011fiyle h\u00e2l\u00e2 ya\u015fanmakta oldu\u011fu imas\u0131n\u0131 akla getiriyor. Kitab\u0131 orijinal ad\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek, \u201cLife Before Man\u201d, <\/em>ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Lesje\u2019n\u0131n hayat\u0131na Nate girmeden \u00f6nceki ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 da ima etti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Nitekim Lesje, geleneksel kad\u0131n rollerinden uzak bir biliminsan\u0131 olarak ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken, Nate ile ili\u015fkisinden sonra, hayat\u0131 boyunca ka\u00e7arak bilime s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 duygusal karma\u015fan\u0131n tam g\u00f6be\u011fine d\u00fc\u015fecek ve kendisinden beklemedi\u011fi basmakal\u0131p davran\u0131\u015flar g\u00f6sterecektir.<\/p>\n

Elizabeth\u2019in intihar eden sevgilisi Chris, Lesje\u2019n\u0131n Nate\u2019den \u00f6nce birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 William ve Nate\u2019in Lesje\u2019dan \u00f6nceki sevgilisi Martha da kurguya dahildir.<\/p>\n

Roman tarihsel olarak 29 Ekim 1976-18 A\u011fustos 1978 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na yerle\u015fir. \u0130lgili aral\u0131kta Kanada\u2019n\u0131n siyasi arkaplan\u0131nda, Qubec\u2019in ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadeleleri ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019den tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hukuki olarak kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7leri vard\u0131r. Nate\u2019in izledi\u011fi haberler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla siyasi alandaki de\u011fi\u015fimler verilirken; bireysel olarak bu arkaplanla ilintisizlikleri ve kendi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fcnyalar\u0131na hapsolmu\u015f olmalar\u0131ndaki tezat da ortaya konur.<\/p>\n

\u00c2dem\u2019den \u00d6nceki Ya\u015fam<\/em>, i\u00e7ine kolay dald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z, sar\u0131p sarmalayan bir roman olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u00f6nemli sorular sordurmas\u0131yla etkilendi\u011fim bir roman oldu. Kitab\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evirisinde, iki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ciddi atlamalar oldu\u011funu da belirtmeden kapatmayay\u0131m.<\/p>\n

-\u00c2dem\u2019den \u00d6nceki Ya\u015fam, Margaret Atwood, \u00c7ev. Suna G\u00fcler, Do\u011fan Kitap, May\u0131s 2023, 391 s.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nalan Mahsereci Soru aritmetik bir kesinlik bar\u0131nd\u0131rsa da, yan\u0131t iki ki\u015fiden \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131na i\u015faret ediyor. Zira bir ili\u015fkiye ad\u0131m atan her ki\u015fi, arkas\u0131ndan bir g\u00f6lgeler ordusunu da s\u00fcr\u00fckleyecektir. \u0130\u00e7imizde ebeveynlerimiz ya\u015far; yeti\u015fme s\u00fcrecimize el verenler, hatta belki onlar\u0131n da atalar\u0131… Hayat\u0131 alg\u0131lama, anlamland\u0131rma tarz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, bir di\u011feriyle ili\u015fkilenme bi\u00e7imimizi, davran\u0131\u015f kal\u0131plar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, duygulanma \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerimizi \u00e7ocuklu\u011fumuzda ilk […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":470,"featured_media":68487,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10536,38,513,10250,510],"tags":[10556,10557,6099,6098],"class_list":["post-68486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-266-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-kitapcil","category-patika","category-surekli-bolumler","tag-ademden-onceki-yasam","tag-margaret-atwood","tag-nalan-mahsereci","tag-patika"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68486","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/470"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=68486"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68486\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":68488,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68486\/revisions\/68488"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/68487"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=68486"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=68486"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=68486"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}